2022年高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破.docx

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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2022 高考英语阅读懂得词义推测题专题突破Step1 推测词义常见设问方式1. Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “.2. What does the author probably mean by “. 3. The word “ in the contest means _. 4. The term can be best replaced by _. 5. The word “ probably refers to _. 6. As

2、 used in the line the word “ refers to _. 7. According to the passage, the word “ is known as_. 8. The passage use the word “ to refer to _ 9. According to the author, the underlined word “ means_. 10. From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “ means _. 在词义推测题中,有些词汇并非生词,只需要依据上下文去估计它应在文章

3、中的具体含义,或找出其指代对象；做这类题,应认真阅读显现该词的上下文,文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复说明或概括归纳；因此答案往往可从文章中找出或估计出；Step2. 方法探究1. Charlotte s tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “We ve collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas

4、 in.”The underlined word “ pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _. A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin 2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houngs deeds remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survi

5、ve. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work. The underlined word “ donation ” in Para.3 probably means _. A. invitation to give a speech C. questions asked by interviewers B. something, especially given to help others D.

6、 chances to be a hero 【摸索归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一 下；_ 3. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory. 4. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supp

7、lies 军用物资 ,while others carried only passengers. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 1 阅读懂得词义推测 第 1 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -5. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould 霉菌 so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics

8、, that is, substances that kill germs. 6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries. 7. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always takes away things from t

9、he shop without paying for them. 【摸索归纳】这几道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一下；_ 8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. From the passage, we can infer that the word “ autocratic means _ A. friendly to others B. modest and kindly

10、C. sticking to one s own opinion D. hard-working 9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empt

11、y talk. 4. adj.of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records. What does the word “ jazz ” mean in the following sentence. Don t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person. A. Rhythmic beats. B. A type of music. C. A kind of dance. D. Meaningless talk. 【摸索归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一下；_ 10. “

12、Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated. ”The underlined word “ cultivated ” Paragraph 1 roughly means _. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed 11. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes

13、. According to the author, the underlined word static means _. A. unchangeable B. inactive C. respective D. widespread 12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan s population is quite homogeneous. 【摸索归纳】这三道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一下；_ 13. Million

14、s of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 2 阅读懂得词义推测 第 2 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main r

15、eason. Roadkill. 14. Mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved. 【摸索归纳】 这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一下；_ 15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, of English learning. 16. Many United nations employees are

16、 polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently. 【摸索归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一 下；_ 17. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved. 18. Although simplified Chinese characters were

17、 accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form. 【摸索归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一 下；_ 19. 下题中划线的词可换为：New York, 10 November, 5:27 p.m., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the citys history. A. enough B. not passing C. lack of D.

18、lack 【摸索归纳】 这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一下；_ 20. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO 2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. The underlined phrase “ mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _. C. wiping out D. giving up A. cleaning up B. taking in 21. Sh

19、e walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. She pushed past the desk and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “ Very dirty floor. ”【摸索归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一 下；_ battled nature 22. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors with

20、the basic tools they had. 23. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-education, medicine, and business. The underlined work “aging” means _. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 3 阅读懂得词义推测 第 3 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

21、A. counting the number of years someone lives B. the numbers of years someone lives C. becoming older D. making someone looking older 【摸索归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启示和收成？跟大家共享一 下；_ 检测反馈运用方法探究中学到的技巧,快来一试身手吧！看谁做得又快又好！A I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and s

22、cientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby of view. Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lieAll we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the ba

23、by is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching s

24、chedule was Dr. Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I ve never heard anything so ridiculo us. Baby feeding shouldn follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. Well, at las

25、t we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ （智商） scores

26、are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid （样本） of timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a childsex and age, the mother health and feeling style. Thes

27、e results dont surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices. 小题 1:What does the author think about Dr King. A

28、He is strict BHe is unkind CHe has the wrong idea. DHe sets a timetable for mothers 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 4 阅读懂得词义推测 第 4 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -小题 2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _ A basic Breliabl

29、e Csurprising D interesting 小题 3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand. A The baby will sleep well. BThe baby will have its brain harmed. CThe baby will have a low blood sugar level. DThe baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8. 小题 4:The author supports feeling the baby_.

30、A in the night Bevery four hours Cwhenever it wants food Daccording to its blood sugar level B For high school leavers starting out in the working world,it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship 实习 . In some countries,sch

31、ools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the Unites States, however, such programs are still few and far between. Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses ,students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay i

32、n school,graduate and go on to higher education. In Germany,students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment. But in America, education reform programs focus on how well

33、students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the countrymos

34、t vulnerable 易受影响的 kids with no jobs and no skills. Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001. James Madison High School in New York ,for example , encourages students to choose classes

35、on careerbased courses. The school then helps them gain onthe-job experience in those fields while theyre still at high school. However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work ,the job market is daunting. In the US ,unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 per

36、cent 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 5 阅读懂得词义推测 第 5 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -for the third summer in a row. “The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience ,they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in la

37、nding a job ,”小题 1:According to Robert Schwartz ,_. said Michael,a researcher in the US.A there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US Bstudents should get contact with the working world at high school Ceducation reform should focus on students performance in exams Dteenagers in th

38、e US cant miss out on the summer job experience 小题 2:Whats the main idea of the text. A Arguments about recent US education reform. BTips on finding jobs for high school leavers. CThe lack of career-based courses in US high schools. DAdvice for American high school leavers. 小 题3:The underlined word

39、“daunting ”in Paragraph 5 most probably means_. A discouraging Binteresting Ccreative Dunbearable 解题指导在词义推测题中,有些词汇并非生词,只需要依据上下文去估计它应在文章中的详细含义,或找出其指代对象；做这类题,应认真阅读显现该词的上下文,文章中往往会对这 类词或短语进行重复说明或概括归纳；因此答案往往可从文章中找出或估计出；推测词义第一招利用上下文语境线索 任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是肯定孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有 关；利用上下文供应的情形和线索,进行合乎规律的综合分析进而估计

40、词义,是阅读过 程中的一大关键,这也是近年来高考考查的热点；其次招利用定义和说明性线索阅读文中的有些生词特别是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行说明说明性的短语或句子,如 to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words 等,有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式显现,或用破折号、括弧来表示；留心阅读就可以肯定它们的意思；第三招 依据规律关系进行判定；如因果、对比、并列、转折关系等；英语中句与句之间在语意上往往存在一些规律关系,因果关系的语境,通常由because, so ,th

41、erefore, so that, so / such等连词表达；第四招利用对比线索有时文章作者为了增强表达成效,会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点,形成鲜明的对比,unlike; although; but; 第 6 页,共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 这时只要把握其中的一词,就不难推出另一词的含义,这时句中多见6 阅读懂得词义推测细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -yet; while; on the contrary; on the othe

42、r hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; rather than 等信息词；第五招利用同义线索和同等关系 同义词替换可以为我们估计词义供应明显的语境线索；一些常见的引出同义词的标志性 词语有 or, like, similarly 等；同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分,而且他们的词义属一范畴；只要我们熟识其中一个或几个词或短语,即可确定同等关系 中生词的词性,作用和大致意思；第六招利用例证性线索某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子,使词汇详细易懂；such as, like, for example, for instance 等连

43、接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难懂得的名词；第七招依据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟识的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法学问来估计其意思；教学大纲已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中,因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词；第八招留意熟词生义英语中大量的词汇具有多义性,其含义并非完全等同于词典所标注的汉语意思,详细的词义需要在肯定的上下文中表达出来；阅读懂得中的熟识词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多；缘由有三：其一,高考对生词的数量有量的规定,不得超过 3% ；其二,熟识词生义很简单引起考生的误会；其三,熟识词生义的数量没有限制；假如这种现象在一篇文章中显现得多,那就更难懂得了；第九招依据常识或体会推测词义在阅读中遇到生词时,我们有时可以运用规律推理才能、自身的生活体会及生活常识去推断生词的含义；当然也要结合语境；第十招依据词性转化,推测它在语境中的词义题目参考答案1.D 2.B 3.老年综