高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编：阅读理解.docx

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1、浙江省嘉兴市2019-2022三年高二上学期英语期末试卷汇编阅读理解浙江省嘉兴市2021-2022学年高二上学期期末检测英语试卷第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AManfred Steiner had a successful and productive career as a doctor, helping generations of medical students learn about hematology(血液学). But all along, he had a feel

2、ing he should be doing something else: studying physics. At age 89, he finally realized that dream, earning his Ph.D. in physics from Brown University.“I always had this dream: Gee, someday I would like to become a physicist,” Steiner said in an interview with NPR.Steiner was a teenager when World W

3、ar II ended. By then, he was fascinated with physics. On the advice of his family, however, he decided to pursue a medical career instead. But during his studies in Vienna, physics still had a strong appeal to him. “When I was a medical student in the early 1950s, I used to steal into the physical i

4、nstitute, which was very close to the medical school,” he said, “and listen to some talks there.”When asked what it was about physics that he enjoyed, Steiner replied quickly: precision (精确性). “Yet the physical exactly were the same, holding for the two extremes, he added, “and that precision really

5、 always fascinated me.”It was only after Steiner retired from his career in medicine in 2000 that he was finally able to study physics. Steiner worked slowly-hes a grandfather who likes to spend with his family, and health issues have been a concern-but the credits kept piling up. And before long, S

6、teiner was eyeing yet another Ph.D. “You know, it took a long time,” he said. “But fortunately, Im here now and Ive overcome the problems.”The physicists who worked with Steiner say his latest achievement is inspiring. For his part, Steiner is still working on publishing a dissertation(专题论文), and he

7、 wants to continue his research. “I would like to continue with it as long as my mind says OK.”1. Why did Manfred Steiner want to be a physicist?A. He intended to inspire his students.B. He was influenced by his family.C. He had a passion for physics.D. He felt he was good at physics.2. Which of the

8、 following best describes Manfred Steiner?A. Considerate.B Determined.C. Conventional.D. Reliable.3. What does Manfred Steiners story tell us?A. Its never too late to mend.B. Education is the key to success.C. He who laughs last, laughs longest.D. Where there is a dream, there is a way.BCarbon label

9、s on food products and menus started making news in 2020. They contain information about carbon emissions(排放) and occasionally other supply chain details. Now the idea has been adapted for the tourism industry-where a growing number of companies are measuring and publishing the carbon footprint crea

10、ted on their tours, like local transportation, accommodation, food, activities, guides, staff and office operations.“Because its quite a new thing,” said Claire Copeman, co-founder of Adventure Tours UK, which publishes carbon emissions alongside their trip arrangements. “At the moment, when people

11、do see it, its an extra advantage. Its like, well, this trip looks great and I can see that its low impact, and they like that.”Its hard to say whether these labels will sway decision-making for travelers. However, consumers are increasingly concerned about companies commitments to environmental pro

12、tection; and clearly labeling carbon emissions is an open and objective way of communicating environmental commitments. More importantly, measuring and publicly sharing the carbon footprint of trips is encouraging companies to actively find ways to reduce emissions even further. For example, some co

13、mpanies in UK are currently working with partners to make improvements throughout the supply chains and considering changes to some of their trips so that more nights are spent at low-energy hotels and less time is spent driving. “Everything we do has a carbon footprint,” said Charlie Cotton, founde

14、r of ecollective, which helps travel companies measure and reduce their carbon footprint. “But, as a business, you want to be able to tell a customer, Were going to address the elephant in the room, and we have a plan in place to make sure that year on year our carbon footprint is going to get small

15、er and smaller.”4. Why is the idea of carbon labels accepted by travel companies?A. It draws peoples attention to tourism.B. It advocates low-budget trip arrangements.C. It reflects the sense of environmental protection.D It meets the demands of different kinds of tourists.5. What does the underline

16、d word “sway” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Affect.B. Strengthen.C. Involve.D. Prohibit.6. What do Charlie Cottons words indicate?A. The desire to protect wildlife.B. The need to make a green plan.C. The duty to keep customers well informed.D. The determination to reduce carbon emissions.CJohns Hopkins Uni

17、versity researchers discovered precisely how spiders (蜘蛛) build webs in the dark. Their creation of a web-building playbook brings new understanding of how creatures with small brains are able to create elegant and complex structures. Web-building spiders, which build blindly using only the sense of

18、 touch, have attracted humans for centuries. “The first step to understanding that is to study the behaviors and skills involved,” said Andrew Gordus, a Johns Hopkins behavioral biologist, “But until now it has never been done, mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.”

19、His team studied a spider native to the western United States. To observe the spiders during their nighttime web-building work, the lab designed a stage with infrared (红外线的) cameras and infrared lights. They monitored and recorded six spiders every night and tracked millions of individual leg action

20、s. “Even if you video record it, thats a lot of legs to track,”said lead author Abel Corver. “Its just too much to go through every frame (帧) and mark the leg points by hand so we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider, frame by frame, so that we could record everything

21、the legs do to build an entire web.”They found that web-making behaviors are so similar across spiders that the researchers were able to predict the part of a web a spider was working on just from seeing the position of a leg. “Even if the final structure is a little different, the rules they use to

22、 build the web are the same,” Gordus said, “which confirms the rules are in their brains.” Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits (回路) in the spiders brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building. Corver said, “This work could help us under

23、stand larger brain systems, including humans.”7. What was the challenge in the previous studies on spiders web-building?A. Testing spiders brains.B. Tracking spiders actions.C. Observing spiders webs at night.D. Improving spiders sense of touch.8. What is a crucial step in the study led by Gordus?A.

24、 Relying on the aid of special software.B. Monitoring the safety of spiders.C. Comparing varieties of spider webs.D. Designing a set of infrared cameras.9. What is contained in the future study according to paragraph 5?A. The environment for humans.B. The behavior of various spiders.C. The drug for

25、brain diseases.D. The brain system of spiders.10. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Spiders, Elegant CreaturesB. Small Brains, Amazing SkillsC. Spiders Web Secrets UncoveredD. Spiders Web-building Ability Developed浙江省嘉兴市2020-2021学年高二上学期期末检测英语试卷第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D

26、四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题 纸上将该项涂黑。AI dont remember exactly what grade I was in when it happened. All I remember is that suddenly Math was no longer fun. Since the first grade I had always loved Math. I was good at adding and got 100 percent on almost every paper I did. All at once, though, we were doing som

27、ething called multiplication（乘法）and I was not good at it. I had great difficulty in Math until the teacher gave us a card. On it were written the multiplication tables. I stared at them and smiled. Here were all the answers I needed. I read them over and over until they became stuck in my head. On o

28、ur next test I did great again. I continued to love Math.I began to notice how multiplication worked magic. I saw how a little handful of seeds could produce a garden full of food, how having two rabbits could soon give you twenty, how a few caring words could heal（治愈）a hurting heart. And I saw how

29、a single act of loving-kindness could travel from person to person, heart to heart, and soul to soul until it circled the world.The truth is that we are all multipliers in this life. The only question is what we are going to multiply. Are we going to multiply the feai; anger, and distrust that exist

30、 in this world? Or are we going to multiply the love, kindness, and forgiveness? I choose the latter and I hope you will do the same. Be a multiplier then. Help make this world a better place. Spend your days sowing smiles, planting kindness and sharing love. You will be amazed at how much and how r

31、apidly it multiplies. You will be amazed at the harvest you will get in.1. What helped the author out of the trouble with Math?A. The multiplication tables.B. The good reference books.C. The practical adding skill.D. The teachers explanation.2. How did the author express amazement at multiplication

32、in paragraph 2?A. By listing data.B. By describing scenes.C. By giving examples.D. By comparing opinions.3. What is the authors main purpose in writing the text?A. To explain the reasons why we multiply things.B. To persuade people to multiply positive things.C. To introduce benefits of becoming a m

33、ultiplier.D. To show how we can spend time as multipliers.BRosie the Riveter was a World War II nickname for women who worked in factories and shipyards all across the country. The two women talked about here were not like Rosie. They, and four others, were working on a machine at the University of

34、Pennsylvania, called ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). It was designed to do difficult calculations related to ballistics (弹道), but the war ended before ENIAC was put into use.Work on it continued, though. The room-sized computer was completely electronic, so it should have been

35、far faster than the other big war-time calculator, the Mark I, developed by IBM. The Mark I, driven by electricity, had moving parts that slowed it down but its instructions could be stored on a paper tape, which gave it a big advantage. In ENIAC, however, every calculation involved putting cables (

36、电缆) into a board.To program ENIAC, the women had to first analyze hundreds of equations (公式) involved in a particular calculation. Then, they determined which cables should go where, so the machine would do the right steps in the right order. They understood both mathematics and the machine.Programm

37、ing was in its early stage in the 1940s; in fact, the term, “to program95 came from the ENIAC team. Women held many of these early jobs. The six ENIAC programmers had been selected from a group of women with degrees in mathematics who worked on other big war-time calculators. Today, computer jobs ar

38、e controlled by men. Women hold only a quarter of the tech jobs in the United States, though they account for half the workforce. Only 18 percent of computer science graduates today are women. Often the explanation is that girls dont like math, or dont do well in it, but the experience of these earl

39、ier women proves otherwise.4. What can we learn about ENIAC from the first two paragraphs?A. It was much more advanced than the Mark I.B. It could do calculations of ballistics all by itself.C. It was invented by the University of Pennsylvania.D. It never served its original purpose during the war.5

40、. What did the women programmers do when working with ENIAC?A. They stored instructions on a paper tape.B They corrected errors of a particular board.C. They learned hundreds of equations by heart.D. They decided where to put cables in calculations.6. Which of the following will the author probably

41、agree with?A. Women were not so interested in computer science.B. Women are good at computer programming like men.C. Women are always in the minority of the workforce in US.D. Women were not as well-accepted as men in programming jobs.CCarers are all sorts of people with so many different caring rol

42、es. I know this only too well from attending my severely ill mother as a teenager, to having main carer responsibility for my Nanna for her last ten years, to now as a father caring for my disabled son.But more importantly, I was also cared for. My dad had died when I was four, so after my mum died,

43、 it was my amazing Nanna and Grandad who took me in. Because they were my grandparents, I never really thought of them as carers，and I dont think they did either. Back then, I probably didn9t even know what 66kinship（亲属关系）carer meantIt wasnt easy for them. My mothers long illness and early death nea

44、rly broke them. I used to think looking after me helped them deal with their heartbreak. But the truth is, they helped me get over my mums death. Surrounding me with unquestioning love, they were classic kinship carers.Working as a lawyer, Ive helped a surprisingly large number of kinship carers ove

45、r the yearsmostly grandparents, fighting the system for their precious grandchildren. I like to think I go the extra mile, which helped them face the challenges. More than 180,000 children across the UK are being raised by kinship carers today, but the huge challenges facing them are too often forgo

46、tten by politicians and policymakers.What my Nanna and Grandad didand what kinship carers across the UK are doing todayis amazing. They are giving a loving home to these children, while reducing the stress on the formal care system ven though it may add difficulties to their own life. We cant thank

47、and support them too much.7. The author knows very well about what carers are by .A giving and getting careB. doing voluntary workC. becoming a parentD. learning from carers8. According to the text, what did the authors Nanna and Grandad do?A. They took care of the authors ill mother.B. They spoiled

48、 the author with too much love.C. They offered to look after the authors children.D. They helped the author get through hard times.9. What does the underlined part “go the extra mile” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Take the wrong way.B. Make a special effort.C. Save much precious time.D. Do some unnecessary work.10. What would be the best title for the text?A. Carers Face Huge ChallengesB. More Kinship Carers NeededC. Carers Deserve Recognition and SupportD. British Policies Intended for Kinship Carers浙江省嘉兴市2019-2020学年高二上学期期末检测英语试卷第一节（共10个小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下