2017专升本英语阅读技巧精讲ppt课件.ppt

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1、2017专升本英语系列讲座专升本英语系列讲座英语阅读英语阅读A credit card can be useful.1.What do we know about credit cards according to the passage? A.They are safe to use. B.The are convenient to use. C.They are economical to use. D.They are complicated to use Test 12.Whats the problem with credit cards mentioned in Paragraph

2、 Two? A.They may be very poisonaous. B.They may carry hamful insectsC.They may cause financial troubles D.They may get lost easily.3.What happens to a credit card user if he fails to pay each month according to the passage? A.He will pay a bill with interest charged B. He will be dismissed by the co

3、mpany C.He will be charged as a criminal D.He will be accused of cheating.4.The sentence “Over 10 percent of the families in the United States are overextended.” in Paragraph Four probably means _.A.the majority of American families have to pay off debts with their cardsB.a great number of American

4、families will no longer use credit carsC.many American families will be overcharged one-tenth of interestD.more than one-tenth of American families spend more than they can pay off 5.From the passage, we can conclude that_. A.We should use credit cards as little as possibleB.We should use credit car

5、ds as much as possibleC.We should use credit cards with great careD.We should use cash instead of credit cardsTest 2 Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often dont clearly understand how we make friends.1. According to the author, _. A

6、. all those who get on well with each other are friends B. friends are closer than people who just get on well with each other C. everyone understand clearly how to make friends D. every student has six friends72.When we make friends, we consider such things as age, race, and background, because _.

7、A. it is not easy to have a friendly relationship with people when there is a marked difference in age and backgound B. the degree of friendship between two people and the reason for their shared interest can vary greatly C. friends need to know all these things D. these are the most important facto

8、rs to make friends83. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage? A. Even friends may have differences of opinion. B. Friends never argue with each other C. It generally take time for people to become close friends. D. Someones habits may annoy his friends.94. To strengthen friendly relati

9、onship, people_. A. must hold friendship ceremonies B. have to eliminate differences in background C. should make friends with those who are of the same age and of the same race D. should support and understand each other through shared experiences and emotions10Test 3 How can we get rid of garbage?

10、 Do you have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs? These are two important questions that many people are asking today. .111.What two problems can man solve by burning garbage? A. The shortage of energy and air pollution. B. The shortage of energy and the land to hold garbage. C. Ai

11、r pollution and the shortage of fossil fuels. D. Air pollution and shortage of the land to hold garbage.122.Which of the following is NOT the result of burning garbage? A.The garbage burned is turned into fossil fuels. B.The heat produced is used to boil water. C.The steam produced is used to make e

12、lectricity. D.The steam produced is used to heat buildings.133.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. About 2 million metric tons of garbage is burned in France each year. B. In the modern society, more and more garbage is produced each year. C. Using garbage is a good way

13、to solve the problem of energy shortage. D. Burning garbage is an old idea.144. According to the passage, which of the following four groups of gabage is really for burning? A. Food scraps and metals. B. Paper and glass. C. Metals and glass. D. Food scraps and paper.155.What is the general tone of t

14、he passage? A.Optimistic. B.Indiffernce. C.Promoting. D.Anxious.16Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source . This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.Test 4 Cancer is among the top killer diseases in our society today and scientists have found out that str

15、ess helps to bring it on. It is worthwhile to consider, therefore; what are the causes of stress in our life, and whether we can do anything about them.2022-7-27此处添加公司信息171. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Freedom from responsibilities helps relieve stress. B. Stress is the direct caus

16、e of cancer. C. The causes of stress are worthy of serious study. D. Cancer is the number one killer in our society today.2. According to the passage, which of the following types of people is more likely to suffer from stress? A. People who have cancer. B. People who like to quarrel with others. C.

17、 People whose living standard is low. D. People who have more responsibilities than they can handle.193. Judging from the context, the word row in the third paragraph most probably means _. A. a noisy quarrel B. a very loud noise C. a neat line of things side by side D. a journey in a boat20People w

18、ho have a good row and then forget it are doing their health more good than those who bottle up their feelings4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce our stress? A. Changing our jobs B. Changing our attitude about little things that make us unhappy C. Speaking out about our frus

19、trations. D. Reading the Bible215.“Dont let the sun go down upon your wrath” probably means “_”. A. Dont let your anger last long B. Dont get angry while the sun is going down C. Dont get angry easily about little things D. Dont watch the sun set while you are angry22Often the little things that dis

20、turb us are not worth an hours angerThe teaching in the Bible “Dont let the sun go down upon your wrath（愤怒）” is good advice from the health point of view as well as the religions.1.1. 获取词汇量获取词汇量 C-P-D C-P-D2. 2. 获取信息量获取信息量。 To get the genearal idea in a shorter To get the genearal idea in a shorter

21、timetime3. 培养良好的阅读习惯培养良好的阅读习惯 阅读课要解决的三大问题阅读课要解决的三大问题考试大纲考试大纲要求要求1 1、理解主旨和要义；、理解主旨和要义；2 2、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；3 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；4 4、做出简单判断和推理；、做出简单判断和推理；5 5、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；6 6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 阅读理解命题分类阅读理解命题分类主旨大意型主旨大意型事实细节型事实细节型词义猜测型词义猜测型推理判断型推理判断型命题类命题类一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型解

22、题要领解题要领A、干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。B、干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 ( (不完全的不完全的) ) 事事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。C、干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。D、正确项正确项 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳 概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过 其实或以偏概全。其实或以偏概全。一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型常见提问形式常见提问形式1. The main idea of the passage is

23、 _.2. Which of the following statements best summarizes the authors main point?3. This paragraph centers/focuses on _.4. This passage is chiefly concerned with _.5. The authors purpose in writing this passage is _.6. What is the best title of the passage? 一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型实战演练实战演练Question: Whats the ma

24、in idea of the text?A.Storytelling can influence the way people think.B. Storytelling is vital to the growth of business.C. Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school.D. Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others.从文中事实片面推出的错误结论从文中事实片面推出的错误结论 X文中的一个具体细节文中的一个具体细节 X非文章事实

25、的主观臆断非文章事实的主观臆断 X二、事实细节型二、事实细节型解题要领解题要领难度难度 该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读题该题型难度系数值最低并占阅读题 （除任务型阅读）总数的（除任务型阅读）总数的50%左右。左右。分析分析 文章中心是文章中心是论点论点，事实细节是，事实细节是论据论据或或 主要理由主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中；有关细节的问题常对文中 某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及 事实进行提问，所提问题一般可事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接直接 或或间接间接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。要领要领 忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，忠实于原文上下文及全篇

26、的逻辑关系， 决不能主观臆断。决不能主观臆断。二、事实细节型二、事实细节型常见提问形式常见提问形式1. Which of the following is TRUE ( Not True) according to the information in the passage?2. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3. The author mentions all the following except _.4. In the passage, the author states that _.5. 以以when, wh

27、ere, who, what, how, why, how many/much等词引导的疑问句。等词引导的疑问句。 二、事实细节型二、事实细节型实战演练实战演练Question: What did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up? A. She forced him to continue. B. She punished him. C. She gave him some money. D. She changed her plan.She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I sh

28、ould start ringing doorbells, selling magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me.三、词义猜测型三、词义猜测型常见提问形式常见提问形式1. The word * could best be replaced by _.2. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word *?3. In the * paragraph, the word * means (refers to) _.4. The underlined word *

29、 is the closest in meaning to _. 三、词义猜测型三、词义猜测型解题要领解题要领 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或或or， 它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的 或递进的。或递进的。反义法反义法 如如hot and cold, ,give and receive等，或等，或 前句为肯定，后句为否定。词与词之前句为肯定，后句为否定。词与词之 间都起着互为线索的作用。间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语 甚至于用逗号、破折号等

30、标点符号引出甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出 并加以解释说明。并加以解释说明。情景推断法情景推断法 根据上下文情景线索进行猜测。根据上下文情景线索进行猜测。Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence,

31、self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.反义法实战演练反义法实战演练Question: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” ?A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sickthe educatedthe urban and rural,the youngand oldOne night the wind howled loudly in from

32、offshore. He rushed next door to the hired hands sleeping room to wake him up. But the little man rolled over in bed and saidfirmly, “No sir.” Enraged by the response, the man wanted to fire him on the spot.情景推断法实战演练情景推断法实战演练Question: The underlined word “Enraged” may probably mean_ .A. to be made a

33、ngry B. to be made surprised C. to be made depressed D. to be made happy四、推理判断型四、推理判断型解题要领解题要领分析分析 2020题中常有题中常有6-86-8题。考查学生由文章的字题。考查学生由文章的字 面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力，面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力， 根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推 理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的 可能性、作者的倾向或意图、文章的论调可能性、作者的倾向或意图、文章的论调 等。等。要领要领 透过现

34、象看本质透过现象看本质，判断有据判断有据，推论有理推论有理， 忠实原文忠实原文，切忌用自己的观点代替作者，切忌用自己的观点代替作者 的本意；全面分析所有相关信息，切忌的本意；全面分析所有相关信息，切忌 片面思考，得出片面结论；善于揣摩作片面思考，得出片面结论；善于揣摩作 者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。 四、推理判断型四、推理判断型常见提问形式常见提问形式1. It can be inferred from the text that _.2. The paragraph following (before) the passage will most prob

35、ably be _.3. The writers attitude is _.4. The author implied (suggested) that _.5. We can conclude from the passage that_.6. What is the tone of the author?7. The passage is intended to _. 8. We can learn from the text that _. 四、推理判断型四、推理判断型实战演练实战演练Question: What do we learn from this text? A. What

36、one says reflects how one feels. B. Aphasics have richer feelings than others. C. Normal people often tell lies in their speeches. D. People poor at one thing can be good at another.1 1、快速读题，带着问题读文章。、快速读题，带着问题读文章。 有助于有的放矢地去读，并确定正确有助于有的放矢地去读，并确定正确 的答案。的答案。 阅读理解解题策略阅读理解解题策略确定题干中的确定题干中的关键词关键词 反映题干的中心反映

37、题干的中心 信息或能体现题干最大特征的词信息或能体现题干最大特征的词时间、数字、专有名词、实义名词、抽象名时间、数字、专有名词、实义名词、抽象名词、典型的形容词和副词以及主要的动词等。词、典型的形容词和副词以及主要的动词等。2 2、正确运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率。、正确运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率。 包含论点、论据、结论三大要包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点 阅读理解解题策略阅读理解解题策略运用运用略读略读、扫读扫读、跳读跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、

38、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质和文章传达的信息。实质和文章传达的信息。 记叙文记叙文 以人物为中心，以时间或空间为以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事 论述文体论述文体3 3、关注语篇的连接词，正确理解篇章结构。、关注语篇的连接词，正确理解篇章结构。 because, although, but, however, anyhow, on the contrary, as a result, in addition, generally speaking, to summarize,

39、thats to say, whats more在在上下文中起着让步、转折、对比、列举、递进上下文中起着让步、转折、对比、列举、递进等作用，掌握这些词汇对于篇章的理解有很大等作用，掌握这些词汇对于篇章的理解有很大的帮助。的帮助。 阅读理解解题策略阅读理解解题策略连接词连接词 语篇的逻辑纽带，在句子、段落语篇的逻辑纽带，在句子、段落之间起着承上启下的作用，使句子、段落和篇之间起着承上启下的作用，使句子、段落和篇章保持逻辑上的关系和语义上的连贯，它直接章保持逻辑上的关系和语义上的连贯，它直接表明了句与句之间的逻辑关系表明了句与句之间的逻辑关系。 4 4、答题时注意正确项和干扰选项的特征，、答题时注

40、意正确项和干扰选项的特征，回原文找答案。回原文找答案。 阅读理解解题策略阅读理解解题策略正确项正确项 正话反说、肯定句变成双重正话反说、肯定句变成双重否定、同义词替换、叙述角度转换而中心否定、同义词替换、叙述角度转换而中心意思不变等。意思不变等。 干扰项干扰项 绝对化绝对化 偷换概念偷换概念 片面化片面化 串段现象串段现象 无中生有无中生有5 5、要十分重视第一印象。、要十分重视第一印象。 第一感觉的正确率在第一感觉的正确率在8080以以 上，不要轻易改动。上，不要轻易改动。 阅读理解解题策略阅读理解解题策略心理学心理学表明表明 考生在接触试题时大脑皮考生在接触试题时大脑皮层处于高度兴奋状态，对新事物的反应灵敏，层处于高度兴奋状态，对新事物的反应灵敏，容易迅速做出决定。容易迅速做出决定。 经验经验表明表明 检查时，不要按照第一次答题的角度去检查时，不要按照第一次答题的角度去考虑，应该从另外一个角度去思考，没有充考虑，应该从另外一个角度去思考，没有充分、足够的理由不要轻易推翻第一次的选择。分、足够的理由不要轻易推翻第一次的选择。 练兵招术练兵招术训练学生分析长句和复杂句的训练学生分析长句和复杂句的能力（句型结构分析法）能力（句型结构分析法）第三招第三招第四招第四招扩大阅读量和阅读范围。扩大阅读量和阅读范围。