2017高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题ppt课件.ppt

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1、 Reading is everything!英语考试大纲英语考试大纲 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1 1）理解主旨和要义）理解主旨和要义（2 2）理解文中具体信息）理解文中具体信息（3 3）根据上下文推断生词的词义）根据上下文推断生词的词义（4 4）作出判断和推理）作出判断和推理（5 5）理解文章的基本结构）理解文章的基本结构（6 6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度）理解作者的意图、观点和态度英语学科阅读理解

2、高考说明英语学科阅读理解高考说明主旨大意题主旨大意题（1 1）理解主旨和要义）理解主旨和要义掌握主旨大意题的解题策略掌握主旨大意题的解题策略学习任务学习任务了解主旨大意题的设题方式了解主旨大意题的设题方式学习任务一学习任务一1)主题类主题类ThemainideaofthepassageisThepassageismainlyaboutWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthemainideaofthepassage?2)目的类目的类Thepassageismeant/intendedtoThepurposeoft

3、hisarticleisto3)标题类标题类Thebesttitleofthepassageis利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大意，是做好主旨大意题的重要技巧。意，是做好主旨大意题的重要技巧。学习任务二学习任务二掌握定位主题句的方法掌握定位主题句的方法 Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related,

4、according to the Lung Cancer Organization.Sample11 1、段首段首开门见山，点出主题。开门见山，点出主题。 语篇结构为语篇结构为：点出主题围绕主题 展开陈述、论证或说明_Sample2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic(民主的民主的) discussion type of class.

5、 No one teaching method can be designed to satisfy all students at the same time. （2 2）段尾段尾详细论证，总结陈词。详细论证，总结陈词。语篇结构为：表述细节语篇结构为：表述细节概括主题概括主题 （归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议）（归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议） _Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themode

6、rnflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（3 3）段中段中引题过渡，导出主题。引题过渡，导出主题。语篇结构为语篇结构为:“引题引题主题思想主题思想解释解释”或或“提问提问-回答回答解释解释”。Sample 3_ 4 4）首尾首尾首尾呼应，烘托主题首尾呼应，烘托主题 Smokingcigarettesisharmfu

7、ltoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterriblediseaseillness,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldo

8、rterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit? 语篇结构为语篇结构为: :提出主题提出主题展开论述或说明展开论述或说明进一步引申或发展主题进一步引申或发展主题主题句的位置主题句的位置1 1、段、段( (文文) )首首开门见山，点出主题；开门见山，点出主题；2 2、段、段( (文文) )尾尾详细论证，总结陈词；详细论证，总结陈词；3 3、段、段( (文文) )中中引题过渡，导出主题引题过渡，导出主题; ; 4 4、段、段( (文文) )首尾首尾首尾呼应，烘托主题；首尾呼应，烘托主题； 学习任务三学习任务三以该主题句中的以该主题句中的“话题

9、话题”为核心，为核心，把解释性的词按一定的语法把解释性的词按一定的语法浓缩浓缩为为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组或短句。或短句。掌握提炼主题句的方法掌握提炼主题句的方法 Sample 某一文章的主题句为： Anadvertisingsloganistoabrandwhateyesaretoaperson.该主题句的话题是该主题句的话题是：解释性的词：解释性的词：由此拟定标题为：由此拟定标题为：sloganis to a brand what eyes are to a personSlogan And Brand. Coffee is a universal dr

10、ink that is served in different ways around the world. The best title for the passage should be _. A. Ways of making coffee B. Coffee around the world C. Advice on buying coffee D. Benefits of drinking coffee解题分析解题分析：该主题句的话题是该主题句的话题是：解释性的词：解释性的词：标题：标题：【Practice1】The topic sentence of a passage：is a

11、universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.Coffee (2014 (2014山东山东) ) Are you lazy about brushing your teeth? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush (invented by Serval) senses how long and how well you brush Serval says he was inspired by his experience

12、 as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How Serval found out h

13、is kids lied to him. B. Whats the most important invention . C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush 【Practice2】_ On the satellite designed by Dana, there is a radar system that would scan for and find a piece of space junk. Then, thruster

14、s(推进器) would change the satellites orbit so that it could chase down the object. As the satellite got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. At the last minute, a door that leads to a bulletproof (防弹的) container would open, and then get the junk swallowed. Finally, when the trash contai

15、ner was full, it would be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable and its contents released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly burn up. What is this paragraph mainly about? A. How space trash could be used. B. How Dana designed her satellite. C. How the satellit

16、e would work. D. How the satellite would be created. 归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的方法归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的方法 学习任务四学习任务四读懂各段落或各句主要讲了那几读懂各段落或各句主要讲了那几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以分析、归纳、推理联系，然后加以分析、归纳、推理，形成主题。形成主题。【Practice3】 The best title for this article is_. A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arm C. Dange

17、rous Bites D. Snake Doctor以偏概全以偏概全画蛇添足画蛇添足帽子太大帽子太大学习任务五：学习任务五： 主旨大意题选项的特点主旨大意题选项的特点干扰项的特点干扰项的特点1.1.画蛇添足画蛇添足: :即文中根本没有提到，把自己的观点即文中根本没有提到，把自己的观点强加给作者以充当主题，或在文中找不到语言强加给作者以充当主题，或在文中找不到语言依据的信息依据的信息。 2.2.帽子太大帽子太大: :即选择的主题过于笼统，与细节脱节即选择的主题过于笼统，与细节脱节或文章缺乏充分的论证。或文章缺乏充分的论证。 3.3.以偏概全以偏概全: :即只抓住了主题的一个侧面或一句没即只抓住了

18、主题的一个侧面或一句没有展开论述的句子而误认为是主题有展开论述的句子而误认为是主题。正确选项的特点正确选项的特点：不出现细节信息，不含过分肯不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词定或绝对意义的词;概括全文概括全文, , 内容全面内容全面, ,含义含义深刻深刻, 贴切准确。贴切准确。 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease (illne

19、ss), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? What i

20、s the passage mainly about ? A. Ways of experimenting on smoking. B. Information about smoking C. Smoking resulting in cancer. D. Side effects of smoking. 以偏概全以偏概全帽子太大帽子太大画蛇添足画蛇添足【Practice4】归纳小结归纳小结一、主旨大意题的设题方式一、主旨大意题的设题方式 1. 1.主题类 2.目的类 3.标题类二、定位主题句的方法二、定位主题句的方法 1 1.段(文)首 2.段(文)尾 3.段(文)中 4.段(文)首尾 三、提炼主题句的方法三、提炼主题句的方法 以该主题句中的“话题”为核心，把解释性的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组或短句。四、归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的方法四、归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的方法 读懂各段落、各句主要讲了那几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以分析、归纳、推理，形成主题。 五、主旨大意题选项的特点五、主旨大意题选项的特点巩固练习巩固练习步步高步步高P92-96