2022年高中英语语法名词性从句 .pdf
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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思具有名词性质的名词从句名词性从句是指可以像名词一样在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语的从句。对于名词性从句,首先要从整体上把握其基本形式,了解各种引导词的使用方法。其次,要分别了解主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句各自的一些特征。一 名词性从句的基本形式名词性从句通常以“ 引导词正常陈述句语序” 的基本形式出现,有时会省略引导词,例如:1-1 Where the meeting is to be held has not been decided. 在哪里开会还没决定。(引导词where 在正常陈述句语序的主语从句中作地点状语) 1-2 Wheth
2、er he will attend the party is not known. 他是否要来参加聚会还不知道。(引导词whether 在正常的陈述句语序的主语从句中不充当任何具体成分,只起引导作用 ) 考题 1 These shoes look very good. I wonder _. (2006 上海春 ) A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost 答案C 解析cost 表示价格通常用主动形式,wonder 的宾语从句应在how m
3、uch 之后采取陈述句的形式而不是倒装句的形式,据此可以选出C。考题 2 Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (2007 湖南 ) A. why B. that C. when D. where 答案B 解析“all the lights were off ”是可以单独成句、正常语序的陈述句,但是由于之后的“the boy opened the door to his bedroom”已经构成整个句子中的主句、其前
4、面的所有成分为主句的状语,因此下划线处应引导一个名词性从句充当前面checked 的宾语。本题选择that引导名词性从句是因为why、 when、 where 引导名词性从句时需要在从句中充当状语,而that 引导名词性从句时不充当从句中的特定成分。考题 3 Can you make sure _ the gold ring? (1990) A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 答案C 解析下划线处是充当宾语的名词性从句,应采用 “ 引导词正常陈述句
5、语序” 的基本形式。考题 4 As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. (2005北京 ) A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 答案A 解析下划线处是when 引导的宾语从句的一部分,应采用正常陈述句的语序。考题 5 Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. (2000 上海 ) A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
6、答案D 解析下划线处是充当see的宾语的名词性从句,应采用 “ 引导词正常陈述句语序”的基本形式,又因为谈到不确定的人时通常用it 指代,所以本题应选D。二 名词性从句引导词的基本用法下表对高考中常见的名词性从句的引导词进行了总结:名词性从句的引导词引导词是否在名词性从句中充当成分的情况连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose 连接副词:when, where, why, how what, which 在从句中作主语、宾语、 表语或定语;who 在从句中作主语、表语; whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;when, where, why, how 在
7、从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语连词 that 否连词 whether, if 否名词性从句的引导词在高考中的基本用法详见下面的总结:1. 引导特殊疑问句的疑问词在转为引导名词性从句时,即成为连接代词(主要包括 what, which, who, whom, whose) 或者连接副词 (主要包括 when, where, why, how) 。 注意体会如下例句:2-1 Choose which you like best. 选你最喜欢的。 / 2-2 Who has taken away my bag is unknown. 谁拿走了我的包还不知道。/ 2-3 Have
8、you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁做候选人了?/ 2-4 He asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home. 他问什么时候可以允许吉尔伯特先生回家。/ 2-5 Where we can look up his address is still a problem. 我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个难题。/ 2-6 Why he did that wasnt quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。/ 2-7 How the
9、y will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他们将怎样解决这个严重问题还没有决定。以下两种特殊情况要给予特别关注:(1) what 作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“ 什么 ?” 的问题,也可以表示相当于 “ 名词 /代词关系代词引导的定语从句” 结构的意思, 这种特殊用法在语法上被称精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思作“ 关系代词型的what” , 注意体会如下例句: 2-8 He is not wha
10、t (=the person that) he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。/ 2-9 This is what (=the place that) they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。/ 2-10 What (=the place that) is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 现在的北部撒哈拉沙漠曾是一个文明世界。/ 2-11 Our income is now double what (=the income that) it w
11、as ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。/ 2-12 The color of the flower is different from what (=the color that) it was in the morning. 花朵 (现在的 )颜色与它早上的颜色不同。(2) 带ever 后缀的疑问词除引导让步状语从句之外,还可以引导名词性从句( “no matter疑问词 ” 的结构只能引导让步状语从句,不可以引导名词性从句), 注意体会以下例句:2-13 Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.
12、 无论谁想看这部电影,今晚都可以和我们一起去。 / 2-14 You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票给任何你想给的人。 / 2-15 All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like. 所有的书都在这儿,你愿借哪本就借哪本。/ 2-16 I ll do whatever you ask me to do. 你叫我做什么,我就做什么。2. that 引导名词性从句时后面接完整的陈述句,that 只起引导名词性从句的作用而不充当该名词性从句中的具体成分;引
13、导宾语从句时that 常可省略,但引导主语从句、表语从句、 同位语从句时that 通常不被省略。例如:2-17 She hoped (that) he would arrive on time. 她希望他按时到达。(宾语从句 ) 2-18 That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选中了让我们很开心。(主语从句 ) 2-19 I have the belief that I will succeed. 我怀有必胜的信念。(同位语从句 ) that,what引导名词性从句的区别在于:that 在其引导的名词性从句中不充当任何成分,在有的情况下可以省略;w
14、hat 需要在其引导的名词性从句中充当主语、宾语、 表语或者定语, 而且引导名词性从句的what 在任何情况下都不能省略。例如:2-20 That he will succeed is obvious. 显然,他会成功。 (引导主语从句的that 不在其中充当具体的句子成分) 2-21 What she told me is not true. 她所告诉我的都不是真的。(what 在其引导的主语从句中作宾语 ) 3. whether 与 if 均可以引导表示 “ 是否 ” 之意的名词性从句,且 whether 与 if 均不在这种名词性从句中充当具体的句子成分。在引导宾语从句时whether
15、与 if 一般可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句、放于句首的宾语从句或者名词性从句中包含or (not) 时通常只能用whether 作引导词。注意体会下列例句:2-22 I don t know if/whether I can help you. 我不知道我能否帮助你。(宾语从句 )/ 2-23Whether we can really help you, I dont know yet. 我们是否真的能帮助你,我还不知道。 (位于句首的宾语从句)/ 2-24The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the
16、girls feelings. 老师为是否伤害了那女孩的感情而担心。 (介词后的宾语从句)/ 2-25The question is whether they can cooperate with us. 问题是他们能否与我们合作。(表语从句 )/ 2-26The question whether he should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon. 他该亲自来还是派人替他来,这个问题必须定下来。 (同位语从句 )/ 2-27The little girl asked her father whether she s
17、hould go to the party or not. 那女孩问她的父亲她应不应该参加这个晚会。(包含 or not 的宾语从句 ) 注意:肯定形式的doubt 后面通常接whether/if 引导的宾语从句,否定形式的doubt 后面通常接 that 引导的宾语从句,例如:2-28I doubt whether its true. 我怀疑它是否是真实的。/ 2-29I doubt if that was what he wanted. 我怀疑那是否是他所想要的。/2-30 I don t doubt that you are honest. 我不怀疑你的诚实。/ 2-31She neve
18、r doubted for a moment that she was right. 她对自己是正确的这一点从不怀疑。考题 1 Could you do me a favor? It depends on _ it is. (2006 北京 ) A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 答案C 解析下划线处的引导词引导on 后的宾语从句,并且在该宾语从句中充当表语,表示疑问句 “What is it? ( 你要我帮的忙是什么?) ” 的含义。注意:题干中没有用“whatever ” 进行强调的必要。考题 2 I think its going to b
19、e a big problem. Yes, it could be. I wonder _ we can do about it. (2002 北京春 ) A. if B. how C. what D. that 答案C 解析下划线处的引导词引导wonder 后的宾语从句并且在该宾语从句中充当do 的宾语, if, that 引导名词性从句时都不充当名词性从句中的句子成分,how 引导名词性从句时充当名词性从句中的方式状语,因此应排除A、 B、 D 而选出 C。本题中 what we can do about it 可以理解为对应于疑问句“What can we do about it?”的名
20、词性从句,what 引导的这种名词性从句跟其他疑问词形式的引导词所引导的名词性从句的含义相近。考题 3 You can only be sure of _ you have at present: you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. (2007 安徽 ) A. that; what B. what; 不填 C. which; that D. 不填 ; that 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而
21、精思答案B 解析 第一个下划线处应填入一个可以引导of 的宾语从句泛指“ 你现在所拥有的东西”且在该宾语从句内部充当have 的宾语的词,这样的引导词只能是what, 由此可以直接排除选项 A、 C、 D 而选出 B。考题 4 _ we can t get seems better than _ we have. (1996)A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 答案A 解析名词性从句what we can t get和 what we have 中 what 都充当宾语,都属于关系代词型的what, 本身不表示疑问而表
22、示泛指相关的事物;“what we can t get”相当于包含定语从句的 “things that we cant get”, “what we have”相当于包含定语从句的“things that we have” 。考题 5 It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. (1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案B 解析whatever 在这里的用法跟关系代词型的what 一样,其引导的名词性从句“whatever he
23、or she wants”泛指一个孩子想要的任何东西。考题 6 It was a matter of _ would take the position. (1998 上海 ) A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 答案A 解析下划线处的引导词所引导的名词性从句充当介词of 的宾语,在其引导的宾语从句内部充当的是主语(通常用 who 指代 )而不是宾语 (通常用 whom 指代 ), 而且题干中没有提供强调 “ 任何人 ” 的语境,因此应填入引导词who。考题 7 Could I speak to _ is in charge of Internation
24、al Sales, please? (2007 山东 ) A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who 答案C 解析 下划线处引导speak to之后的宾语从句,表示 “(负责国际销售的)任何人 ” , 四个选项中只有whoever 适合。考题 8 Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. (2005) A. why B. what C. who D. that 答案A 解析下划线处引导的名词性从句属于介词on 的宾语,在该名词性从句中引导词充当原因状语,所
25、以应选 A。考题 9Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006) A. where B. when C. how D. what 答案B 解析题干中所有句子都围绕时间展开,因此应填入表示时间的when 引导 remind的直接宾语。考题 10 Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. ( 上海 2000) A. while
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