图表作文讲解及参考范文newppt课件.ppt

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1、英语四级图表作文讲解及参考范文导言：图表式作文一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达

2、出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。二、图表作文的写作步骤 写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤： 1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系; 2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据; 3)编列文章的提纲; 4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡; 5)检查与修改。三、图表作文的篇章结构 三段式的陈述方式。 第一段：概述图表反映的主题思想（总趋势+极端值+特点） 第二段：分析产生的原因 第三段：展望未来或提出方法或建议 20042004 2007 2007年人民饮食习惯变化表年

3、人民饮食习惯变化表2004200520062007Grain49%47%45%40%Milk10%12%18%30%Meat17%21%28%34%vegetable24%22%20%20%1)1)侧重于数据的排序侧重于数据的排序的的表格表格(table)(table)图表类作文的形式及特点图表类作文的形式及特点: :%2040608010019952000 2005State-ownedprivate 美国近年住房产权的变化情况美国近年住房产权的变化情况2)侧重数据的对比侧重数据的对比柱状图柱状图( chart column)近年来看电影与看电视的人数变化情况。近年来看电影与看电视的人数变化

4、情况。 (a): Number of TV watchers (b): Number of film goersNumber of People (in thousands)AB3) 3) 侧重数据变化的侧重数据变化的曲线图曲线图(graph) APercentage of Average Family Expense in 2000 BPercentage of Average Family Expense in2007Housing 25%other57%Housing32%other46%Fooddrink22%Fooddrink18% 4.4.侧重内部结构变化的侧重内部结构变化的饼形图

5、饼形图(pie chart)20002000与与20072007年平均家庭开支情况变化表年平均家庭开支情况变化表. . graph （一般的图表） 曲线图 柱图 chart 饼图 柱状图 table 表格图 diagram 示意图 1.The graph/chart/table above 2. the above graph/chart, it can be seen that.3. (正如正如) is shown in the graph, .4. has been shown from the table that第一步：第一步： showsFromAsIt图表类说明文的写作步骤图表类说

6、明文的写作步骤开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, 即即conclusion.常使用的词汇有常使用的词汇有:（图表（图表/数据）：数据）：table表格表格, chart图表图表 , graph曲线图曲线图, figure(数据数据) ；动词：动词：tell, show, represent常用句型：常用句型：1.The graph/chart/table above _ that+句子句子2. _ the above graph/chart, it can be seen that +句子句子3._ (正如正如) is shown in the graph, +

7、句子句子4._ has been shown from the table that +句子句子第一步：第一步： showsFromAsIt图表类说明文的写作步骤图表类说明文的写作步骤开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, 即即conclusion.常使用的词汇有常使用的词汇有:（图表（图表/数据）：数据）：table表格表格, chart column柱状图柱状图 , graph曲线图，曲线图，figure(数据数据) ；动词：动词： describe, tell, show, represent常用句型：常用句型： 1）内容：figure、statistic、n

8、umber、percentage、proportion 2）用语：修辞语在运动范畴中存在着如下的种运动趋向： 1. 保持平稳： 可以使用的套用结构有: stay stable / remain steady 举例：表示“人口数量保持平稳”的时候可以写: the number of population stayed stable / the number of population remained steady 2. 上升/增加： 可以使用的套用结构有：rise / climb / increase / ascend /mount / aggrandize (增加) 举例：人口数上升：the

9、 number of population increased/ascended/mounted等等。 3下降/减少： 可以使用的套用结构有：fall/ drop/ decrease/ descend/ decline 举例：人口减少：the number of population decreased/ declined 4. 下降后保持平稳： 这个图形比较奇怪，划出的线段应该前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示这个平的时候我们就不可以使用 remain steady 了，我们要使用的结构是bottom out。 举例：人口下降后保持平稳：the number of population dec

10、reased and bottomed out 5.上升后保持平稳： 前面的上升我们就不用说了，但是在上升以后保持平稳，我们需要使用 level off。 举例：人口上升后保持平稳：the number of population mounted and leveled off 6.复苏： 前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，这两条线段的连接点就叫复苏。英语中表达为recover。 举例：人口下降后复苏：the number of population decreased and recovered 7. 波动： 这个就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫 fluctuate。 举例：人口波动： the n

11、umber of population fluctuated. 8. 达到顶峰：peak / reach its summit / reach its zenith 举例：人口到达了顶峰：the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith. 连续性描写 上面就是运动性线段的八种趋势了。但是上升，下降，波动是存在程度的。所以我们接下来要讨论的是程度的描述方法。程度只有两种，缓慢和陡然。 缓慢的/轻微的： gradually/ smoothly/ steadily/ slightly 陡然的/大幅度的： d

12、ramatically/ sharply/ considerably/ appreciably/ greatly 举例: 1. 人口大幅度攀升: the number of population mounted dramatically 2. 人口轻微下降: the number of population decreased slightly 3. 人口逐渐下降: the number of population decreased gradually好了，我们现在已经说了两个范畴了, 这两个范畴可以帮你搞定任何线段组的描述。紧接下来我们要讨论的是如何将线段组与数据进行连接。非常简单, 注意

13、如下的介词使用。 一. remain steady / stay stable / level off / bottom out / peak / reach its peak / reach its zenith 后面需要使用的是 at . 举例: 1. 人口在500万上保持平稳: the number of population remained steady at 5 million 2 人口在800万时到达了顶峰: the number of population peaked at 8 million 3. 下降后, 人口在400万保持平稳: after decreasing, th

14、e number of population bottomed out at 4 million 4. 上升后, 人口在700万保持平稳: after mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million 二. 上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了) 举例: 1. 人口下降到200万: the number of population decreased to 2 million. 2. 人口下降了200万: the number of population decreased by 2 million. 3. 人口上升到10

15、00万: the number of population increased to 10 million. 4. 人口上升了500万: the number of population increased by 5 million. 三. recover的后面大家需要使用的是from 举例: 人口在200万时开始复苏:number of population recovered from 2 million. 四. fluctuate 的后面大家需要连接 between . and . 举例: 人口在2和100亿之间波动: the number of population fluctuate

16、d between 2 and 10 billion来看一篇范文： From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and r

17、eached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主题句/概述表格反映的内容(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势 There are several reason

18、s for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new r

19、oads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.主题句原因/措施一解释措施一/次要辅助采取措施一后的结果原因/措施二原因/措施三 With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car accide

20、nts in Walton city will go on falling this year.总结：展望未来的情况模板一 总的趋势 图表具体描述 剖析图表所揭示的含义 理由一 理由二 理由三 理由四 总结 前景预测As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in_. While _. It is obvious from the table that_.What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as fol

21、lows. To start with, _. Secondly, _ . Whats more, _. Last but not lease, _.In conclusion, _. Moreover, _.模板二 描述图表 分三方面解释原因 下结论 1) During the period from _to _, _rose from _to _, while _ decreased from _ to _. 2) We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,_. Second, _. Third

22、, _. 3) _.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that _.模板三 描述图表 解释图表 补充解释 1) During the period between _ and _, _ declined abruptly from _ to _, while _ increased sharply from _ to _. 2) Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared with

23、_ is much cheaper and more convenient_ . Apart from that, _. 3) However, there are still a number of people who _, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,_. On the other hand, _.第二节 图表作文样题与样文举例样题一：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How Peopl

24、e Spend Their Holidays. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the table and the outline given below: Year199019952000Traveling37%51%76%Staying at home63%49%24%1、 根据上表，简要描述1990年、1995年、2000年某城市人们度假方式的情况及其变化； 2、 请说明发生这些变化的原因； 3、 得出结论。How People Spend Their Holidays As is cle

25、arly shown in the table that there was a dramatic change in the way people spent their holidays between 1990 and 2000. Especially, in 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure decreased considerably to 24% in 2000. There are three reasons for this phenomenon. To begin with,

26、with the development of market-oriented economy, people earn by far more money than they used to, making it possible for them to afford traveling expenses. In addition, people realize the importance of getting well-informed about the outside world in this modern era to develop their potential. For e

27、xample, a traveler may encounter or talk with someone of a different cultural background so as to broaden his vision. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to both their health and peace of mind. In short, more and more people take the occ

28、asion of holiday to travel outside and relax themselves. As far as I am concerned, I prefer to go traveling instead of staying at home during holidays. On the one hand, I love meeting different people and take in some fresh ideas. On the other hand, it is agreed that the world is becoming a global v

29、illage. No one could confine himself within his small circle of families or relatives. In brief, I have benefited a lot and will benefit more from traveling during the holidays. 点评：该篇作文属图表作文，命题思路与四级真题图表作文一致，仿真度高。本预测题关于人们旅游度假方式的变化，也是社会热点话题，2006年1月就考过名校校园该不该成为旅游景点话题；2004年6月也是关于旅游景点的介绍。样题六Changes in th

30、e Ownership of Houses (2003.6)要求：1、根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化；2、分析产生这些变化的原因；3、说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响。Changes in the Ownership of Houses As is shown in the chart, great changes have taken place in the ownership of houses in the city. There has been a steady decline in the percentage of state-owned houses from 75 in

31、1990 to 20 in 2000. On the contrary, the percentage of private houses has been on the rise. Several factors may account for the trend. For one thing, owing to the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the past decade witnessed significant improvement in peoples standard of living. In ot

32、her words, they have had the means to purchase houses of their own. For another, peoples ideas about consumption have undergone some radical changes. In the past, they were reluctant to spend, but now they are willing to buy. Anyway, it is much more comfortable to dwell in a house of ones own. These

33、 changes in the ownership have already had a positive effect on both individuals and society. Individuals, young people in particular, will be motivated to work harder to purchase a nest of their own. As a result, the housing industry will be boosted and more revenues will be raised to cover other s

34、ectors of our national economy.万能句型 As the picture shows, The picture illustrates that The drawing describes that To solve this problem, need to To handle this problem, we should . The following measures can be taken to settle this problem: First Second模板3 As the picture shows, 图表内容. The picture is

35、intended to highlight 揭示什么问题. To solve this problem, 解决办法（一二三）. In conclusion, 重申观点. Can Cell Phones Replace Schooling ? As the picture shows, a boy is holding his cell phone and protesting to his mother,” why am I going to school if my phone already knows everything? The picture is intended to high

36、light the boys misunderstanding about going to school, which is quite prevalent among young students. To solve this problem, teachers and parents need to educate students the important differences between information and knowledge. Firstly, information is the raw material of knowledge. If we do not

37、process information in our mind “factory” through analytical thinking and creative thinking, there will be no knowledge as end products. Furthermore, it is true that cell phones give us access to a wide collection of information, but it is in school that we are trained to summarize, analyze and crit

38、icize information. Cell phones cannot and will not replace our minds to think, and schooling is so far the best way to nurture our minds. In conclusion, teachers and parents are advised to explain the important differences between information and knowledge, so that young students will understand the true meaning of schooling. The End2013.11.25