汉英翻译基础文化ppt课件.ppt
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1、 Culture is a term that has many different related meanings. (REFERENCES: p.15) In the twentieth century, culture emerged as a concept central to anthropology, encompassing all human phenomena that are not purely results of human genetics. However,“culture” is most commonly used in three basic sense
2、s: Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture; An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning; The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an
3、institution, organization, or group. 本教材将文化定义为:本教材将文化定义为:文化是文化是人类在社会历史发展人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质财富和过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和精神财富的总和。(现代汉语字典第一条定义) 语言与文化密不可分,文化的差语言与文化密不可分,文化的差异可以通过语言反映出来。异可以通过语言反映出来。 一、自然条件的差异一、自然条件的差异 汉语文化中,汉语文化中,“东风东风”即即“春天春天的风的风”,英国预示春天气息的却是,英国预示春天气息的却是西西风风。东风在中国文学作品中频繁出现,。东风在中国文学作品中频繁出现,如:如:
4、“东风夜放花千树东风夜放花千树”、“等闲识等闲识得东风面,万紫千红总是春得东风面,万紫千红总是春”等。而等。而东风在英国呢?例如东风在英国呢?例如: Biting east winds; a piercing east wind; how many winter days have I seen him, standing blue-nosed in the snow and east wind! 刺骨的东风刺骨的东风/冬风;刺骨的东冬风;刺骨的东风风/冬风;许多冬日我都看见他哆冬风;许多冬日我都看见他哆嗦地嗦地/冻的发紫地站立在风雪中。冻的发紫地站立在风雪中。 可见东风在英国是刺骨的寒风。可
5、见东风在英国是刺骨的寒风。西风在英国为暖风,代表春天的来临。西风在英国为暖风,代表春天的来临。waste money like water 花钱如流水花钱如流水 fish in the air 水中捞月水中捞月have other fish to fry 另有要事另有要事/另有企图另有企图drink like a fish 牛饮牛饮a cold fish 冷漠的人冷漠的人All is fish that comes to ones net. 凡能到手的都要凡能到手的都要You cant make a crab walk straight. 江山易改,本性难移。江山易改,本性难移。She sai
6、led through the hall. 她自由自在地走过大厅。她自由自在地走过大厅。 Tip:只有具备相关背景知识,才能更好地理解文化词汇的含义,从而准只有具备相关背景知识,才能更好地理解文化词汇的含义,从而准确进行翻译。确进行翻译。 二、习俗的差异二、习俗的差异 汉英习俗的差异是多方面的。如汉英习俗的差异是多方面的。如对狗的态度:狗在汉语文化中是一种对狗的态度:狗在汉语文化中是一种卑微的动物,与狗相关得表达一般含卑微的动物,与狗相关得表达一般含有贬义,如:有贬义,如: 走狗走狗 running dogs 狗腿子狗腿子 pawn; henchman 狗仗人势狗仗人势 like a dog
7、threatening people on the strength of its masters power - be a bully under the protection of a powerful person; A dog bites on the strength of his masters position 狗眼看人低狗眼看人低 act like a snob 狼心狗肺狼心狗肺 be as cruel as a wolf; cruel and unscrupulous; brutal and cold-blooded; completely without conscienc
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