春季高考英语语法专项复习——非谓语动词ppt课件.ppt
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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词考纲解读考纲解读非谓语动词动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式与分词动词不定式与分词一般说来,动词不定式表主动、将来;一般说来,动词不定式表主动、将来;现在分词表主动、进行;现在分词表主动、进行;过去分词表被动、完成。过去分词表被动、完成。1.谓语动词:谓语动词:概述:概述:2. 非谓语动词:非谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分动词不定式(动词不定式(The Infinitive)一一. 动词不定式的基本构成:动
2、词不定式的基本构成:由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式:肯定式:to do sth 否定式:否定式:not to do sth. 被动式:被动式:to be done 完成式:完成式:to have done二二. 动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的动词不定式有副词,形容词和名词的特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、特征,因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。(1)作主语作主语 不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To
3、see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注:注:常用常用it做形式主语,将做形式主语,将to do放在位于之后,使句子放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。保持平衡。句型句型1:It + 谓语谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型句型2:Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor.句型句型3:It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt
4、is + adj + of sb to do sth(是形容是形容人人的品质的的品质的) ( Kind/nice/good/clever)(是形容是形容事物事物的性质的的性质的 )It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like th
5、at.You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.常见动词有:常见动词有:(2)作宾语作宾语 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, af
6、ford, hate等等I dont expect to meet you here.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语remember/forget/regret+to do :记得/忘记/后悔去做某事 (未做)remember/forget/regret+ doing :记得/忘记/后悔做过某事 (已做)+to do 做另一件事情(已经完成一件工作) +doing 做同一件事(还没完成)mean to do 打算,想mean doing 意味着(3)作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1. Mother told me
7、 _ come back before 10 oclock. 2. Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _ change his mind? 4.I wish you _ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him oblige(3)作宾语作宾语补足语补足语(3)作宾语作宾语补足语补足语2).I often hear them sing this song. I would have him wait for me f
8、or a long time. 注意:注意: 当这类动词转为被动语态时,当这类动词转为被动语态时, 其其后的不定式则要加上后的不定式则要加上“ to” 如:如: He is often heard _ the song. He was seen _ the room. to singto enter4. it作形式宾语作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意:注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往
9、往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。 主语主语+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth. 3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.三三.动名词的功用动名词的功用1.可作主语可作主语Seeing is believingReading ne
10、wspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun Its + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no + doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingIts a waste of time copying others homework.There is no joking about the matter.动名词(动名词(gerund)2.可作宾语可作宾语 S. + vt.+
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