语言学术语对照表.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date语言学术语对照表 absoluteuniversals绝对共性廖328 absolutecase通格廖204 abstractconstruct抽象结构廖235 accessibilityhierachy辨认度廖27 acceptability可接受性廖373 accommodation让步，适应陶 accompanimentadverb交与副词吕239 accomp

2、lishment结束陈147159 accusative受事格廖346 accusativeobject受事宾语吕240 achievement成就陈147 act行为廖236 actsequence信息内容与形式陶 actionalpredicate动作谓语吕240 activated被激发的廖396402 active主动格陈108 activity活动陈147157 actual实际廖375 adequacy切应性陈51 adjacency邻接关系吕240 adjacencypairs语对陶 adjective形容词吕240 adjunctstring附加语符列陈45 adjuncts修

3、饰语廖27 adjusmentmodel调整模式陈41 adposition介词吕240 advanced高等陶 adverb副词吕240 adverb-fronting副词前移吕240 adverb-lowering副词下降吕240 affective表情(作用)陈9 affix词缀吕240 Afrikanns阿富堪斯陶 agegrading年龄级差陶 agent施事吕240 agglutinating粘着型廖331 agglutinative粘着型陈107 agreement一致吕240 agreementmaxim同意的准则廖369 AI(artificialintelligence)人

4、工智能廖235 allocationoffunction功能的分配陶 allocationofuse用途的分配陶 ambiguity歧义吕240 ambiguitymaxim歧义准则廖370 AmericanCouncilonTeachingForeignLanguages(ACTFL)美国外语教学委员会陶 AmericanInstitutesofResearch美国研究所陶 analogues模拟词廖408 analytic分析型陈107 analyticcausative分析式使成式廖345 anaphor回指对象陈182 anaphora指称替代廖236回指形式陈182 anaphori

5、creference回指陈121181吕240 animacy生命度廖326332347352 antecedent先行词陈182被代词吕240 anterior先事时陈173 anteriorfuture先事将来时陈174 anteriorpast先事过去时陈174 anteriorpresent先事现在时陈174 anthropological人类学的廖235 anthropology人类学陶 Antigua西印度群岛上的安梯瓜陶 antipodals对跖词廖413 antonym两极词廖412 antonymy两极关系廖417 apparenttime显象时间陶 appositivecl

6、ause同位小句吕240 approbationmaxim表扬的准则廖369 appropriateness合适性廖374得体性陶 arbitrary任意的陶 archiphoneme原音位陈10 argument论元陈84196参与者吕240 argumentposition论元位陈104 argumentation论辩体廖124 argumentative论证廖236 argumentativestructure论证结构廖237 Aroucanians智利的阿劳卡尼人陶 article冠词吕240 aspect时态陈143态吕240体陶 assert肯定吕240 assertion肯定吕2

7、40 assertive断言的廖425 assign分配吕240 associatedtypology关联类型学廖331 atomicstructureofsentences句子的原始结构吕240 attachto系附于吕240 attenuated较单薄的廖61 attributes属性廖435449 attributiverelativeclause修饰性关系小句吕240 audiencedesign听众设计陶 augmentedtransitionnetwork扩展的转移网络廖379 authentic真实材料陶 automatictranslation自动翻译陈96 autonomou

8、ssyntax自主的句法廖236 AutosegmentalPhonology自分音系理论陶 auxiliaryverb助动词吕240 B BabyTalk娃娃腔陶 back-channel衬托型反馈形式陶 backgrounding抑退吕240 BahasaIndonesia巴萨印度尼西亚话陶 ballooning(ofrules)(规则)膨胀吕240 banterprinciple逗乐原则廖369 barenoun光杆名词陈129 basiclevel基本层次廖417 basiclevelterms典型层次词廖436 Basque巴斯克语陶 BazaarMalay集市马来话陶 beggin

9、g乞求陶 behavioralnorm行为规范陈106 Berber柏柏尔语陶 beyondsentencegrammar超句语法廖234 bi-cultural双文化陶 bidialectalism双方言陶 bilingual说双语的人陶 bilingualism双语陶 biunique一一对应陈11 bounded有界的陈168 boundedness封闭性廖438 bracketing加括吕241 brandnew全新的廖399 bundleoffeatures特征束陈10 C camaraderie同志式的陶 cardinalreference-point主要元音参考点廖318 cas

10、e-marker格标记吕241 casemarking格标记廖340 Catalan加泰窿语陶 cataphoricreference反指陈206 catastrophicchange剧变，灾变陶 catastrophism剧变说，灾变说陶 categorize类化陈103 categorization范畴化廖449 category范畴廖449吕241 causal因果性陈117 causativeconstruction使成结构廖326344 causeadverb原因副词吕241 causee使成者廖345 causer肇事者廖345 centerstring中心语符列陈45 chang

11、einprogress进行中的变化陶 chunk信息块陈89 circumstantialrole附带成分陈183 circumstantials随遇成分廖27 citation引用廖359 clarityprinciple清楚原则廖370 class类陈128 classical古语陶 class-inclusion类包括吕241 classesofwords词类吕241 classification分类体廖124 clause小句廖236吕241 clause-internalrules小句内部规则吕241 cleftsentence分裂句陈240 clefting分裂吕241 close

12、dnetwork封闭网络陶 cluster词群廖408 code代码吕241 codenorm代码规范陈105 code-switching语码转换陶 codification标准的健全陶 coding表现陈163 codingdevice编码手段吕241 cognitivecontent认识内容吕241 cognitivecorrespondence认知对应原则陈104 cognitivefunction认识功能吕241 cognitiveinformation认知信息陶 cognitiverepresentationtheory认知表现理论陈104 cognitivescience认知科学

13、廖380 cognitivesynonymy认知同义关系廖406 coherence意义连贯廖373 cohesion形式连贯廖373 cohesiverelationship连贯关系廖399 collaborativefinish合作完成式陶 collocationalrestrictions习惯性搭配限制廖408 command统御陈68 comment论述,陈述廖333396陈187说明吕241 commissives承诺廖423 commonfocus共喻圈吕242 commonknowledge共同知识吕242 communication传信廖379 communicationacc

14、ommodationtheory,CAT交际适应理论陶 communicativecompetence交际能力廖278 communicativeforce实际用义廖357 communicativelanguageteaching交际语言教学陶 compactness简洁吕242 comparative比较吕242 compatibility并存关系廖407 competence语言能力陈18能耐吕242 complementaries互补词廖411 complements补足成分廖27补语吕242 complementizer成形剂吕242 complexchange复变陈160 comp

15、lex-NP-shift复杂NP移位吕242 complexsentence复杂句吕242 componentialist要素分析者廖438 compoundinterdependent合成型陶 compressionrules压缩规则吕242 conativefunction使动功能廖313 conceptualdependency概念从属(语法)陈101 concord一致吕242 conditionaladverb条件副词吕242 conditionalcoherence条件连贯陈83 configuration构型廖438 configurationality组合性陈108 congr

16、uencerelations一致关系廖406 congruent一致性陶 congruentmeronym一致部件廖407 conjoinability可连接性廖27 conjunction连词/联合吕242 conjunction-reduction省并吕242 connectivers连接成分廖451 constituencyrules组成成分规则廖314 constituentclass成分类别陈41 constituentellipsis成分省略廖14 constituentinsertion成分插入陶 constituentorder结构成分顺序廖334 constitutivepr

17、inciples构成原则廖373 constant常量吕242 constraints限制廖328约束吕242 constructiongrammar结构语法廖281 containment包含廖483 contemporary当代陶 contentform内容形式陈9 contentmode内容表达式廖359 contentsubstance内容实体陈9 context语境,上文廖236395 contextofsituation言语情景；情景的上下文陶 context-dependentstructure/system依靠语境的结构/系统廖236 context-freerule不受上下文

18、约束的规则吕242 contextofsituation语境廖319 context-sensitiverule受上下文约束的规则吕242 contextualrelations语境关系廖404 contextualstyle场合语体陶 contextualizationcues语境线索陶 continuity连续性陈187 continuousvariable连续变量陶 continuum连续体陈64162 contraction语音省缩吕242 contrary指反陈217 contrastiveprominence对比重音吕242 control自控力廖332 convergence靠近

19、陶 conversation会话廖236 conversationalanalysis,CA对话分析廖235会话分析陶 conversationalimplicatures话语蕴含陶 conversationalpostulates对话原则廖361 converse逆反词廖413 co-occurrenceconstraint共现约束吕242 cooperativeprinciple合作原则廖179357 co-ordinateindependent并存型陶 coordinatestructure并列结构吕242 copulaverb系词吕242 coreference同一性关系陈182 co

20、rpusplanning语型规划陶 correctedmean修正均值陶 correspondence对应廖365 co-taxonyms同类分类词廖409 counteractive反动关系廖412 counterparts对应词廖413 covertprestige隐威信陶 creole克里奥语,混合语陶 criterial判别性的廖404 cross-culturalcommunication跨文化的交际陶 crossover超越陶 cultivation培养陶 current邻接的廖399 cycle轮转吕243 cyclicapplication循环使用廖317 contrastiv

21、efeatures区别特征陶 D data数据廖236 dative与格廖346 Davidian达罗毗荼陶 declaratives宣告句廖420 declarativesentence陈述句吕243 de-creolization克里奥尔脱化陶 de-creolizationcontinuum克里奥尔脱化连续体陶 deepstructure深层结构吕243 default常规选择廖373 deferent敬重陶 DeficitHypothesis语言缺陷论陶 definite有定廖40 definiteness定指度廖342 definitenessofsubjectandobject主语

22、和宾语的限定廖237 degree-terms程度词廖411 deictic指示词吕243 deixis指示词廖195 deletionrules消除规则吕243 delicacy精细度廖319 demonstrativestructure论证结构廖451 deonticmodality义务情态廖419 dependencyrelation依赖关系吕243 derivationalmorphology衍生构词廖316构词形态吕243 derivedsentence派生句吕243 derivedstructure派生结构吕243 description描写体廖124 descriptivestr

23、uctuer描写结构廖237 descriptivists描写学派廖308322陈1135 designfeatures图案成分廖309 destressing轻音化吕243 determiner区别词吕243 deviation偏离陶 diachronicderivability历时可导性陈116 diagram图解吕243 dialect方言陶 dialectgeography方言地理学廖264 dialectology方言学廖262 dialogic对话性陶 dialogue对话廖234236 differentiable可区分的廖408 diglossia双言制陶 dimension标

24、度廖211 dimensionalmodel层面模式陈109 directillocutions直接表达式廖361 directobject直接宾语吕243 directionaladverb趋向副词吕243 directives指令廖423 directspeech直接句廖360 discourse对话廖379言谈吕243 discourseanalysis篇章分析廖181234310陈2555 discourseconnectedness篇章连贯廖236 discourseconnectives篇章连接廖236237 discourseforspecialoccasions特别场合的篇章廖

25、236 discourse-functionalsyntax篇章-功能句法廖236 discourse-functionallymotivatedstructure/system 有篇章-功能理据的结构/系统廖237 discoursegenres篇章类型廖236 discourseintonation篇章语调廖236 discourseorganization篇章结构廖236 discourseparticles篇章词廖236 discourseperspectiveonsyntax篇章观点看句法廖237 discoursepredicate篇章谓词廖236237 discoursescop

26、e篇章管界廖236237 discourseunits篇章单位廖236 discoveryprocedure发现过程廖309发现程序陈1143 discrete离散的廖332 displaced间隔的廖399 dissonance不和谐廖416 distant距离，保持距离陶 distinctivefeatures区别成分廖317 distinctivefeaturetheory区别成分理论廖313 distributionalists分布学派陈11 distributionuniversals分布共性廖338 divergence分离陶 DocumentDesignProject,DDP文献

27、设计计划陶 doing做事陶 domain认知领域廖438 domainofpredication表述界域吕243 domainoftransformations转换界域吕243 domaintheory语域理论陶 dominances处理中心廖373 dominant显性陈115 doublearticulation双重分节陈113 doublet词对廖408 dummyfiller傀儡成分吕244 durative持续陈152 dynamicprocess动态过程陈64 E earlymodern现代早期陶 easeofprocessing循索的便利吕244 eclectic折中调和陈70

28、 economyprinciple简练原则廖370 effectiveness有效性廖374 efficiency简易性廖373 efficient高效性陈40 elaboratedcode复杂语码陶 elaboration标准的扩建陶 elementarysentence初级句陈45 ellipsis省略廖14236 ellipsisofargumentsandframs主目和框架的省略廖237 embedsentence嵌入句吕244 embeddedconstruction嵌套结构陶 empiricalevidence立论依据陈16 emptycategory空语类陈17 encode表

29、现陈22 end-focusmaxim焦点在尾准则廖359370 endocentric内中心吕244 endoglossic本土的陶 endonym被包含词廖408 ends目标与效果陶 end-scopemaxim辖域在尾准则廖370 end-weightmaxim重心在尾准则廖359370 entail包含廖194 entailment包含关系廖404 entity实体廖435陈120 episodicmemory情节记忆廖376 epistemicmodality知识情态廖419 equi-NP-deletion等名消除吕244 equipollentantonyms均等词廖412 e

30、rgative-absolutivesystem施-受格系统廖333 ergativecase作格廖204陈108 ergativity作格格局廖196 ethnicity民族陶 ethno-民族，民俗陶 ethnographical人群学的廖235 ethnographyofcommunication交际民族志学陶 ethnographyofspeaking言语民族志学；交际人种志学陶 ethnomethodological民族学的廖235 ethnomethodology民俗方法论陶 EuropeanCommunity欧洲共同体陶 evaluatedparticipation,EP参与估价

31、陶 evaluation评价体廖124评价陶 evaluatives评价廖423 event事件廖236 evidence验证吕244 evoked激发的廖399402 exchange交换廖236 excluded排斥的廖404 exemplar样本廖435 existentialsentence存在句,呈现句吕244 exocentric外中心吕244 exoglossic外来的陶 exonym包含词廖408 expansionrule扩展规则吕244 expected预期的廖404 experiencer感受者廖332 expertcategory专业范畴廖437 explicit明确陈

32、37 expository说明,说明体124236 exposition说明体廖124 expressionform表达形式陈9 expressionsubstance表达实体陈9 expressivediscourse抒情体廖124 expressivefunction表情功能廖313 expressityprinciple表达力原则廖370 extendedperformativehypothesis扩展表述句式假说廖361 extraposition外位吕244 F factive叙实吕244 factivity实事性吕244 falsification证伪陈26 familyresem

33、blance家庭成员相似性廖434 familyresemblancecategory家庭成员相似范畴廖439 familytreetheory家族树理论陈5 feature特征廖449 featurenorm特征规范陈106 feedback反馈陶 field场域陈79范围陶 figure人物廖161 finishedproduct成品陈86 finite-stategrammar有限状态语法陈49 firstpairpart上联陶 flagged插旗式，标记性陶 flectional融合性廖331 Flemish荷兰语的佛来米语陶 focus焦点廖332陈65 focusofinforma

34、tion信息焦点陈235 focusingrules聚焦规则吕244 folkcategory通俗范畴廖437 folktaxonomy民俗分类结构廖409 force动力,用意廖332357360 foregrounding突出吕244 ForeignServiceInstitute美国外交学院陶 foreignertalk外国人腔陶 formalism形式主义廖452 formalist形式主义学派陈14 formalistfunctionalism形式功能主义廖357 formaluniversals形式共性廖327 formationrules成形规则吕244 formulaic套语性

35、陈112 formsofcommunication交际形式陶 formsofspeech言语形式陶 fossilize僵化陶 frame框架廖400438451陈82交际框架陶 framing框架陶 frequencyadverb频次副词吕245 fronting前化陈6 frontingrules移前规则吕245 fullturn正式的话轮陶 functionassignment功能分配陈96 functionofcommunication交际功能陶 functionalcoherence功能连贯廖236陈83 functionalcommunicativeactivities功能性交流活动

36、陶 functionalism功能主义廖452 functionalist功能主义学派陈14 functionalsentenceperspective功能的句子透视廖374陈56 functionyield功能值廖313 functor-contenthierarchy虚-实词等级廖338 future将来时陈173 G gapping缺略吕245 gender性吕245 general普遍性陈40 generallinguistics普通语言学廖274320 generallinguistictheory普通/遍语言理论廖275 generalpragmatis普通语用法廖365 Gene

37、ralizedPhraseStructureGrammar普遍短语结构语法陈14 generate概括,定义,规范廖314322生成吕245 generationdifference代差陶 generativegrammar生成语法廖322 generativephonology生成音系学廖318 generativesementics生成语义学廖345陈1959 generativesyntax生成句法学廖318 genres言语体裁陶 generic通指陈119167 genericlevel属层廖409 generositymaxim宽宏的准则廖369 genetic起源性陈116 ge

38、neticlinguistics谱系语言学陈109 gerundformation动名词形成吕245 gerundivization动名词化吕245 giveninformation已知信息陈78187234 globalcoherence总体连贯陈83 globally总的廖359 glossematics语符学廖316322 glosseme语符陈9 goal对象吕245 GovernmentandBinding支配与约束理论陈14 grade-terms渐变词/成分廖411陈162 gradualism均变说陶 grammar语法廖357371 grammaticality合乎语法廖31

39、4 grammaticalityjudgement语法判别能力陶 grammaticalization语法化陈23 grammaticalness合语法性吕245 GreatVowelShift元音大换位陶 H Hausa豪萨语陶 head中心语陈45 hearsay听说廖421 heavierelementprinciple大块头原则吕245 hedge模棱话陶 hedges边界词廖437 heterogeneity复杂性或异质性陶 heterogeneous异质的陈152 hierarchicalstructure层次构造/结构陈2839 hierarchy等级结构廖328408 hier

40、archyofaccessibilitytorelativization 关系子句化的可即度等级廖343 hierarchyofindividuation个体化等级廖348 hierarchyofsaliency显著性等级廖348 highkey高音廖441 highvariety高变体陶 highermentalfunction高级智力功能陶 higher-orderpredicate高次位词陈196 Hindi印地语陶 historicallinguistics历史语言学廖349 holistictypology整体类型廖331 homogeneous均质的陈152同质的陶 hortatory规劝/诱导体廖124236 hypercorrection矫枉过正陶 hypoconverse下逆反词廖407 hyponymy下义关系廖406 I ICAO国际民航组织陶 ideaunit思想单位陈102 idealspeaker理想的说话人廖308 ideational表义部分廖358意念成分陈78 ideationalfunction表义功能廖364 identicaldeletion承前删除廖14 identifiable定指陈119 identifyi