第五讲-高中英语状语从句详解.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date第五讲-高中英语状语从句详解状语从句状语从句一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义：在复合句中作状语的从句功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。位置：从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。二：考点与

2、难点1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较；2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引导的从句的区别；3、状语从句的时态问题；4、状语从句倒装及省略； 5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。三：九种常见状语从句用法1. 时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词1）.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc.2）. 名词类the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一就); every time, each time, the last t

3、ime, the first time, the day, the year, the morning etc.3）. 副词类：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一.就.)4）.句型类：no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely when, etc. (一就)注意：1. when, as, while When when表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用持续性动词。Eg:. When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. （when表示

4、段时间） 2). He waved a hello when he saw her.（when表示点时间）. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时 ,突然”，相当于and then suddenly。常用于下列句式： be doing / be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing / have/had done + whenEg.1). I was about to go out when the door bell rang. 2). One evening I was having my dinner when an unexpected frie

5、nd knocked my door. 还可以表示原因,意思是 “既然”，相当于 since; considering thatEg. 1). It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes . 2). How can he get good grades when he wont study?While while通常表示一段时间，从句中常用持续性动词作谓语。Eg: Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。while有时可以作并列连词，表示

6、对比，可译成“然而”。Eg: 1). I am fond of English while he likes maths.while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”。Eg. While they love the children, they are strict with them.As 表示 一边一边，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。eg: She is singing a song as she took a bath. as表示随着eg: As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.2. till, until和not

7、until1）until /till用于肯定句时，表示直到 为止，主句必须为持续性动词。eg: We shall wait until/ till he comes back.2） Notuntil/till表示直到才 ，主句通常要用短暂性动词。eg: People do not know the value of their health till/ until they lose it.3) 当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。eg: 直到那时，我才知道我错了。 Not until then did I know I was wrong. 3. before：

8、1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. “才2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. “不到就” 3 Please write it down before you forget it. “趁”4Before I could remember a word, he had checked me. “还没来得及” 5. 句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才” 如：还有2年他才离国。 It will be two years before h

9、e leaves the country.6. 句型It will be/was not一段时间before“没过多久就”。 如：没过2年他就离国了 It wasnt two years before he left the country.4since, ever since1Since：自以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为现在完成时，从句中一般用一般过去时。Eg: 1). 自从我上次见你，你到哪里去了Where have you been since I last saw you。2ever since 从那时起直至现在，此后一直。Eg: He has be

10、en sadeversincethe death of his wife. 2). 从她小时候起，她就一直在集邮。Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps. 句型It is/has been段时间sinceEg: 1). Its two years since he was a college student. 他大学毕业已有两年了 2). It has been just a week since we arrived here. 我们 到那里有一个星期了。5.“一就”表达法：1) as soon as. Eg.一下课我就去厕所

11、I went to the toilet as soon as the class was over.2) Immediately， instantly， directlyEg:他一到家马上就给她打了电话。They phoned her immediately they reached home.3) the moment, the minute, the instant, the secondEg: 1).他说他一回家就开电视。He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.2). 告诉他他一回来我就要见他。Tell him I need to s

12、ee him the minute he arrives.4).hardly / scarcelywhen, no soonerthan主句通常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。Eg: 他刚出发就想起家来。He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.No sooner had he started out than he felt homesick.6.next time, the first time, the last time, every

13、time 等eg: 1). 下次你进城一定来看我们。Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.2). 我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象He left me a good impression the first time I met him.3). 我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情Every time I see him he looks miserable.4).上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed very happy.7.by the timeby th

14、e tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为”到 时为止“，主句一般要用完成时态。Eg: 1). By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 (从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)2). 在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。I shall have finished my work by the time you return.反馈训练一：翻译下列句子1. 趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来2. 我坚持不断地努力直到获得成功。3. 随着时

15、间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。4. 我们刚开始就被叫停。5. 下次你来的时候，就会见到他。二、条件状语从句 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句的有if, unless, so/ as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing(that), provided(that), providing(that)等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。1.if: 如果。注意：if

16、 only和only if的对比。if only : 但愿，要是就好了，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。only if : 只有，等于only on condition that，从句用陈述语气。Eg: 如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.要是我知道该多好。If only I knew!2.unless如果不、除非。等于if not Eg: I wont let you

17、 in unless you show me your pass.如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。3.so long as, as long as, on condition that这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是。Eg: .只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法 As/So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.4.in case万一，如果 ，等于if it happens that。Eg: . In case I forget, please remind me of

18、my promise. 如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺5.providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that如果，只要，假如Eg: 1). Given that they are inexperienced, theyve done a good job.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。(that可以省略)2).假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎幺办？Suppose thst /Supposing we cant get enough food, what shall we do反馈训练二：翻译下列句子1. 哪

19、里有水，哪里就有生命。2. 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。3. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。三.原因状语从句1. 引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是 because, since, 和as，because直接原因,必不可少的原因，非推断，是整个句子的重点，语气最强回答whysince 通常放句首译为“既然，鉴于”主从句的时态一般相同。 as 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱，多放于句首注意：1. 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since. 2. because可以引导表语从句,而as, since不可以，这时主语一般都是it, this, that3. since往往表示

20、的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。for可做并列连词，不可用于句首，要放句中，引导后半句表原因，强调推理解释。反馈训练三：用because, as, since 填空It was _ he was ill that he didnt go with us.Its_ he is too lazy._you are here, you must do it.2复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now that, seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason

21、 that, for fear that, in that等，Eg: 1). Now (that) (= Since) you mention it, I do remember.2). 考虑到他们是初学者，他们已经做得不错了Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.四.结果状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有so that/ sothat/suchthat1. so +adj./adv. +thatso +adj. +a/an +可数名词单数+ thatso +many/much/few/li

22、ttle+名词+thate.g. 1). It is so hot that we cant sleep. 2). It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice. 2. such +a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+thatsuch +adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+thatsuch +a lot of/lots of +名词+thateg:It is such a useful book that she has read it twice. There was such delicious food that he had

23、too much.3. so that 引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用，且从句前多有逗号与主句分开。例如：She hurried, so that she caught the bus.(结果） She hurried so that she might catch the bus.（目的）反馈训练四: 用so that/ sothat/suchthat 填空：1.He studied hard _ he passed the exam. 2.He was _ angry _ he couldnt speak. 3. There was _a lo

24、t of rain _ we couldnt go out. 4. Its_ an interesting film _ we all want to see it. 5. He had _many falls _ he was black and blue all over. 6. I am going to the lecture early _ Ill get a good seat. 五.让步状语从句让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although, though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, w

25、hichever, whenever, wherever, whether（是否）, no matter (who, wha, etc), even if, even though等词注意：1. Although 和though均意为“虽然，尽管”但是although较though 正式，更多用于句首，though可用于句首、句中或句末。二者均不可以与but边用，但可以与副词yet, still, nevertheless等连用。Eg: Although (though) he was ill, (sill/yet) he went on working.2as引导的让步状语从句的常见的几种倒

26、装方式(1)如果从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词副词”时，常将从句中的副词提到从句的句首。Hard as you may try，you will not succeed.尽管你努力了，你可能不会成功。(2)如果从句的谓语部分为“情态动词不及物动词”，常将这个不及物动词提到从句的句首。Wait as you may，he will not see you.尽管你等了，他可能不会见你。(3)如果从句的谓语部分是“系动词单数名词”，则常将这个作表语的名词提前，但这个名词前面的不定冠词要省略。Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong.尽管他还是个孩子，他能明

27、辨是非。3.whether.or (not) .不管还是。Eg: 不管你相信与否，这是真的。 Whether you believe it or not, its true. 反馈训练五： 1. No matter _ much I have to pay, I will take it.2. No matter _ you think, you must apologize to her.3. No matter _ method you have been using, today you must do as I tell you.4.There was never any time f

28、or Kate to feel lonely,_ she was an only child. A.ever since B.now that C.even though D.even as5._ you like it or not, you will have to give up smoking.A.If B.Whether C.How D.Why6.You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever7.You ca

29、n eat food free in my restaurant _ you like.A.Whenever B.wherever C.whatever D.however六、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever和everywhere，anywhere等引导，Eg. 1). Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.2). 你最好在有问题的地方做上符号Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.3). Ill go wherever he goe

30、s.4). 他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。 Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。Eg: 1). 你应该把书放在原来的地方。 You should put the book at where it was.(no) You should put the book where it was.(yes)2). 我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。We should go to where we are needed most.(no) We should go where we are needed mo

31、st.(yes)反馈训练六：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.-Where do you plan to work?-Ive made up my mind to go _Im most needed.A.to the place B.to which C.that D.where2.I will go to a country for a holiday _ there are a lot of flowers and trees.A.in the place B.where C.which D.wherever七.目的状语从句引导词：so，so that，in order that，in c

32、ase，for fear that，lest(唯恐，以免，为不使）等。其谓语动词常与情态动词can，could，may，might，should，would连用。Eg: 1). 带上雨衣，以防下雨 Take your raincoat in case it rains.2).他很早就离开了，生怕错过最后一班火车。 He left early in case he should miss the last train.反馈训练七：1.Id like to arrive 20 minutes early_ I can have time for a cup of tea.A.as soon as

33、B.as a result C.in case D.so that2.John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _he phones.A.as long as B.in order that C.in case D.so that3. The Shanghaiese are making great efforts to beautify the city_ more overseas companies will come. A. in order that B.so as to C.so long as D.on condition tha

34、t八.方式状语从句引导词 1：as，(象.一样,正如, 按照),as if/as though(好象,宛如) eg: 1). 请按照人家告诉你做的去做。 Please do as you are told。2). Leave it as it is. 事实上,按现在的样子3）他的行动就好象什么也没有发生 He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.2在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way (that) (= as = in the way in which), Eg:. 她不用我做的方法来做这件事。She doesnt do it the w

35、ay I do.反馈训练八：1. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。2. 按照我教你的画一只猫。 3. 让一切顺其自然。 4. 她用我喜欢的那种方式来做她的工作。九.比较状语从句引导词:as.as(和一样), the same as,not as/soas(不如),than(比),the morethe more(越越).这种从句常采用省略句的句型，如：Eg: 1). 他和我一样大。He is as old as I (am).2). 他工作的和一个有技术的工人一样快。He worked as fast as a skilled worker.3). 这个项目完成的比预期中快。The proj

36、ect was completed earlier than we had expected.4). 他来的越早越好。The sooner he comes, the better (it will be).区别：We know you better than he (knows you). We know you better than (we know) him.反馈训练九： 1. 她今年比去年进步更大。2. 你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。3. 你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。4. 他不如杰克跑得那样快四：状语从句的省略：在条件，时间，让步，方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致

37、或者从句的主语是it,而且谓语包含有be动词，那么可以把主语或it,跟be 动词同时省略。Eg: 1). While I was in Beijing , I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.= While in Beijing , I paid a visit 2). Come tomorrow, if it is possible.= Come tomorrow, if possible3). 他站在门口好像在等谁。She stood at the gate as if (she was ) waiting for someone.4). 尽管很冷，他仍

38、然穿一件T恤。Though(it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.反馈训练十：Once _（see）, the film can never be forgotten.If _（invite）, I will go to the party.She stood at the school gate as if _（wait） for someone.对比练习1. _ he heard this, he got very angry. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river._ a child, he lived in

39、 the countryside. A. when B. while C. as2. We were about to leave_ it began to rain. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A. when B. while C. as D. during3. Child _ she is, she know a lot. He did the ex

40、periment _ he was told.The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not _ good. A. during B. as C. so D. thoughE. both B and C 4. He would have a look at the bookstores_ he went to town.We decide to finish the work on time, _happens.If we work with a strong will, we overcomeany difficulty, _ gr

41、eat it is.Ill give the book to _ likes English. A. whenever B. whoever C. whatever D. however5. It will be years _ we meet again. It is ten years _ I came to this town. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B. that C. before D. since6. _ it rains, the game will be played on time._ I was

42、 twenty, I had never been away from my hometown._ he were there, he couldnt help us. A. Even if B. Untill C. Till D. Unless 7. Go and get your coat. It is _ you left it. You are free to go _ you like. A. there B. where C. wherever D. when 8. The article is written in such easy English_ all of us can

43、 read it.The article is written in such easy English_ all of us can read. A. that B. which C. as D. so that 9. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is.If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ di

44、fficulty it is.If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever2012年状语从句高考题1.（全国高考I，25）I dont believe weve met before, _ I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless2.（重庆高考，30）Coach, can I continue wi

45、th the training? Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury. A. until B. before C. as D. unless3.（湖南高考，28）_ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until4.（湖南高考，32）_ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever5.（福建高考，30）It is hard for the Greek governme