江苏新版牛津英语7B-Unit-8-知识点.doc

《江苏新版牛津英语7B-Unit-8-知识点.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《江苏新版牛津英语7B-Unit-8-知识点.doc（57页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date江苏新版牛津英语7B-Unit-8-知识点Unit 1 Dream homesUnit 8 PetsPart One Comic strip重点全解1、 Bring me something to eat.（P 92）something to eat意为“吃的东西”。to eat为动词不定式，修饰不定代词something。动词不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时，常位于所修

2、饰词之后。例如：There are many places of interest to visit. We have something important to do.2、 How rude you are!（P 92）rude形容词，意为“粗鲁的，不礼貌的”。例如：It is rude of you to say so. We shouldnt say rude things to the old.3、 Thats it.（P 92）Thats it.是一句常用的口语，意为“就是这样，正是如此”等。用法如下：(1) 表示赞同或鼓励，意为“就是这样，对了，这就对了” Thats it. L

3、ets tell him the news.(2) 表示结束，意为“完了，没有别的”。 You can have a cake and thats it.Part Two Welcome to the unitA重点全解1、 goldfish（P 93）goldfish为可数名词，名为“金鱼”。表示同一种金鱼时，单复数同行，即复数形式仍然为goldfish；表示不同种类的金鱼时，复数形式为goldfishes。例如：I have two goldfish at home. There are many kinds of goldfishes in the pond.拓展 fish意为“鱼”，表

4、示同一种鱼时，单复数同形；表示不同种类的鱼时，复数形式为fishes；表“鱼肉”时，fish为不可数名词。例如：Help yourself to some fish.2、 mouse（P 93）mouse为可数名词，意为“老鼠”，复数形式为mice。mouse还可以指“鼠标”，复数形式为mouses。例如：Look! What a lovely mouse. There are too many mice in the house, so we need a cat.I dont like this kind of mouse.B重点全解1、 I like watching them swim

5、 around.（P 93） watch sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”，表示一次完整的动作过程或经常性、习惯性的动作。watch sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在执行。例如：I like watching children play basketball. The old man is watching his grandson playing on the floor. (1) around为副词，意为“到处，四处；在周围”，还可以用作介词，意为“围绕；在附近；在周围”。例如：I could hear her laughter all

6、around. She put her arms around her son. (2) swim around意为“四处游动，游来游去”。例如：The little girl likes watching the fish swim around.拓展 含有around的词组还有：look around 到处看看 walk around 四处逛逛turn around 围绕转动；转身 show .around 引领参观jump around 跳来跳去例如：The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 The little boy likes jumping

7、 around. 这个小男孩喜欢跳来跳去。2、 She loves to sleep on my knees.（P 93）on ones knees意为“在某人的膝盖上”。knee在此处用作可数名词，意为“膝盖”。例如：My mothers knees hurt when it is cold. My cat likes sleeping on my knees.3、 I like my mouse best because its very small and soft and I can hold it in my hand.（P 93）(1) hold作及物动词，意为“握住，拿；举行；容

8、纳”例如：Hold my hand and I can pull you out. Look! What is the boy holding in his hand? We hold a sports meeting every term. The hall is big enough to hold over one thousand people.hold作不及物动词时，意为“不挂断电话；持续”。例如：Hold on, please.(2) 该句是because引导的原因状语从句，汉语中因为所以是连用的，而英语中because和so不能连用。例如：I love reading becau

9、se I want to learn more about the world.4、 I can feed her carrots and I like her long ears.（P 93）feed此处用作及物动词，意为“喂养”。 feed sth. to. /feed . with sth. 把喂给吃例如：Please feed some grass to the cow. feed作不及物动词时，意为“（牛、马）吃”，常用短语：feed on sth. （动物）以为食。例如：Cows fed on grass.5、 He can sing, and I want to teach hi

10、m to speak.（P 93）teach为及物动词，意为“教；教导；教授”。(1) teach sb. sth. 意为“教某人某事”。例如：Who teaches you maths this term？(2) teach oneself. 意为“自学”，相当于learn.by oneself。例如：Tom is teaching himself Chinese.=Tom is learning Chinese by himself.(3) teach sb. (how) to do sth. 意为“教某人做某事”例如：We should teach the children to kno

11、w good from bad. Can you teach me how to draw?Part Three Reading重点全解1、 Here are her favourite poems.（P 94）poem为可数名词，意为“诗歌”，poetry意为“诗，诗作（总称）”。例如：Are you good at writing poems?2、 My dog is the cleverest animal of all.（P 94）cleverest是形容词最高级，它由“原级clever+-est”构成，意为“最聪明的”。三者或三者以上进行比较时，需要用最高级。例如：He is the

12、 cleverest boy in our class. This is the best one of all his paintings.形容词除了原级和最高级外，还有比较级，它由“原级+-er/r”构成，用于两者之间的比较。两者比较由than引导。例如：Tony is taller than Jim.3、 He doesnt just run after a ball.（P 94）(1) just此处用作副词，意为“仅仅，只”。Dont be too hard on him-hes just a kid. just用作副词还可以意为“正好，恰好；刚刚，刚才”。例如：Thats just

13、what I wanted. Im just out of hospital. just可用作形容词，意为“正义的，正直的；恰当的”。例如：He is a very just man.(2) run after 追逐，追求例如：If you run after two hares, youll catch neither.4、 With eyes open wide.（P 94）(1) wide此处用作副词，意为“充分地”，表示实际意义上的“宽”。例如：That man died with his eyes open wide. widely 表示抽象意义上的“宽”，意为“广泛地，普遍地”。例

14、如：English is widely used in the world.(2) wide还可用作形容词，意为“宽广的，宽阔的；宽的”。例如：Our classroom is 10 metres long and 8 metres wide.5、 He hunts when I hide.（P 94）(1) hunt在此处用作不及物动词，意为“搜寻，打猎”。例如：His grandfather hunted in the forest in the past. hunt还可以用作及物动词，意为“搜寻，猎杀”。例如：I think it is not right to hunt animals

15、. hunter为可数名词，意为“猎人”。例如：The hunters ran away.(2) hide此处用作不及物动词，意为“躲藏，隐藏”。例如：The moon hides in the clouds. hide还可以用作及物动词，意为“藏，隐藏”。例如：The boy often hides himself behind the door. hide还可用作可数名词，意为“躲藏处”。例如：hide and seek 捉迷藏6、 He does wonderful tricks.（P 94）trick在此处为名词，意为“把戏”。常用短语：play a trick on sb.意为“捉弄

16、某人”。例如：The children played a trick on their teacher.7、 Builds me camps out of sticks.（P 94）build为及物动词，意为“建筑，建造”。build.out of.意为“用建造”，相当于use.to build.。例如：The workers are building a new bridge. We build houses out of bricks and stones. =We use bricks and stones to build houses.8、 He doesnt like to fig

17、ht.（P 94）(1) fight在此处用作不及物动词，意为“打架，战斗，斗争”，其过去式为fought。fight with sb.意为“和某人打架”，fight for sth.意为“为某事而打架”。例如：They didnt fight with each other from then on. The two dogs fought for a bone.(2) fight还可以用作及物动词，意为“与打仗”。例如：The soldiers are fighting enemies bravely.(3) fight还可以用作名词，意为“打架，斗争”。例如：Dont have a fi

18、ght with your friends.9、 And Ill look after him till the end.（P 94）(1) look after意为“照顾，照料”，相当于take care of。例如：I look after my pet very well.(2) till在此处用作介词，意为“到时，直到为止”，与until近义，其前面的动词为延续性动词。例如：I will stay here till/until twelve oclock. till/until也可以用作连词例如：He waited until/till the children fell aslee

19、p. not.till/until意为“直到才”，其前面的动词通常为短暂性动词。例如：He didnt come till/until late in the morning. The bus wont go till/until all the people get on it.(3) end为名词，意为“结尾，末尾”，常用短语有：in the end(=at last=finally) 最后，终于例如：We gave up the plan in the end.at the end of 在的末尾/尽头例如：There is a post office at the end of the

20、 e to an end 结束例如：The war came to an end in 1949.10、 She isnt any trouble.（P 94）(1) trouble为名词，意为“困难，麻烦”。例如：I have great trouble in my work.(2) 常用句型：Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you? =Whats the matter with you? 你怎么了？ 常用词组：in trouble 处于困难中 out of trouble 脱离困境 trouble还可以用作及物动词，意为“麻烦，使烦

21、恼”。例如：Im sorry to trouble you.11、 We dont have to feed her much.（P 94）dont have to意为“不必”，相当于neednt。以must引导的一般疑问句进行否定回答时通常用needn;t或dont have to。例如：You dont have to do your homework first. -Must I go home now? -No, you neednt/dont have to.12、 She doesnt need a gentle touch.（P 94）(1) gentle为形容词，意为“温柔的，

22、温和的”。例如：She spoke in a gentle voice.(2) touch此处用作名词，意为“触摸，碰”例如：The silk has cool touch. touch还可以用作动词，意为“触摸；接触；感动”。例如：Dont touch that plate-its hot.13、 Hed never bark or bite.（P 95）bark or bite意为“叫和咬人”。因为该句有否定意义，所以连词用or不用and。例如：She cant sing or dance.14、 And Ill always take care of him.（P 95）take car

23、e of相当于look after，意为“照顾，照料”。例如：We only have one earth, so we need to take good care of it.(1) care的用法： 用作不及物动词，意为“介意，在乎”。例如：Whatever you say, I dont care. 用作名词，意为“介意，在乎，小心”。例如：He does his work with great care. 其形容词形式为careful，意为“小心的，仔细的”。例如：Be careful not to wake up the baby. 其副词形式为carefully,意为“小心地，仔

24、细地，认真地”。例如：Please check your homework carefully.(2) 与care有关的短语： care for 想要；喜欢；爱好例如：Would you care for a drink? take care 当心，小心例如：Take care not to break it. care about 在乎，关心例如：The little girl only cares about herself. 15、 . when someone comes to visit us.（P 96）visit可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词.用作及物动词时，意为“参观，

25、拜访”，之后跟名词或者代词作宾语。例如：Sometimes we visit the museum. She often visits her grandpa.Part Four Grammar重点全解1、 become（P 97）become此处用作连系动词，意为“成为”。例如：My dream is to become a great writer like Mo Yan.辨析：become, get, turn用作连系动词，表变化之意的区别如下：(1) become常常用来表示身份职位的变化。例如：He became a doctor at last.(2) get常常用来表示时间的变化

26、，常与比较级连用。例如：The day gets longer and longer.(3) turn常常用来表示颜色的变化。例如：The leaves turn green in spring.2、 feel（P 97）feel此处用作连系动词,意为“摸起来，感觉”，后接形容词作表语。有类似用法的词还有：look看起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来，sound听起来。例如：Ice feels cold. That sounds interesting.3、When she gets tired, she sleeps anywhere.（P 97）anywhere为副词，意为“在任何地

27、方，无论哪里”。多用于疑问句和否定句中，代替somewhere；用于肯定句时，意为“任何地方”。例如：Where is my pen? I cant find it anywhere. You can sit anywhere you like.4、 He can repeat my words.（P 97)repeat此处用作及物动词，意为“重说，重复，重做”。例如：I didnt hear what you said. Please repeat it.5、 He is happy all the time.（P 97)all the time意为“总是，一直”。例如：I knew him

28、 a week ago, but I dont know his name all the time.与time有关的常用短语：at that time 在那时 at the same time 同时by the time 到为止 have a good time 玩得高兴in time 及时 on time 准时every time 每次6、 I dont agree.（P 98)agree可以作为及物动词或不及物动词，意为“同意，应允”。例如：I asked him to help me and he agreed.(1) agree后面可以接不同的介词，表达不同的含义。 agree wi

29、th通常表示同意某人或某人说的话。例如：I agree with them. I agree with what you said. agree to通常表示同意某一计划，提议，安排等。例如：I agree to the plan. agree on通常表示双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议，意为“就达成协议”。例如：They cant agree on the date.(2) agree to do sth. 意为“同意做某事”。例如：He agreed to get someone to help us.(3) agree后面可以接从句，意为“同意”。例如：She agreed tha

30、t we could finish early.7、 Theres nothing wrong with keeping a snake if you like it.（P 98)(1) keep用作实义动词 keep在本句中意为“饲养”，相当于feed。 保管，保存，保留例如：Please keep these things for me. 借用例如：How long can I keep the book?(2) keep作系动词时，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后可接形容词作表语。例如：Please keep quiet.一 形容词形容词的定义：形容词(adjective)，简称adj，

31、用来修饰名词或代词，表示人 或事物的属性、特征或状态的词。 形容词的用法：1. 形容词作定语形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。例如：He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。 There is nothing important in todays newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要内容。2. 形容词作表语形容词作表语，放在系动词（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。例如：Everything will be all right

32、. 一切都会好的。 After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很远的一段路后我累了。3.形容词作宾语补足语 形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。例如：He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他们每天保持教室干净。 People usually keep the vegetables fresh in the fridge. 人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。4. 形容词的名词化，“the+形容词”表示一类人，相当于名词，用作主语或宾语。例如：The old often th

33、ink of old things. 老人常想起过去的事情。 They are going to build a school for the deaf and the blind. 他们将要给聋人和盲人盖一所学校。5. 形容词作状语例如：These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry. 这些士兵们在冷天里度过了三天，又冷又饿。6. 形容词的先后顺序如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 形容词的先后顺序由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不

34、多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。为方便记忆，可记住一句话：美小圆新黄，法国木书房。限定词数词性状形容词冠词、指示代词、物主代词序数词基数词描绘性形容词形状、大小长短、高低年龄、新旧、温度颜色国籍地区出处材料物质目的用途a(n)thethismyfirstsecondthirdonetwogoodkindsickrudenicelittlebiglargelongroundsquareoldnewhotcoldredblackBritishChineseAsianeasternstonesilkwritingmedical二 不定代词不定代词是不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词

35、。常用的不定代词有：one, ones, both, all, either, neither, other, another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little等。还有由some-, any-, no-和every-合成的不定代词。I. one 和ones 的用法。one/ones 指人或物，可作主语、表语和宾语。one 用来替代前面的单数名词，ones用来替代前面的复数名词，以避免重复。例如：I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我丢了旧的照相机，这个是新的 R

36、ed apples often taste better than green ones.红苹果比青苹果甜。II. either, neither, both和all的用法。either 两者中的任何一个neither 两者都不both 两者都，反义词是neitherall 三者或以上都，反义词是none例如：There are a lot of trees on either side of the street. 路两边有很多树。 Both of his parents are teachers. 他的父母都是老师。 All of the students are happy on Chi

37、ldrens Day. 所有的孩子儿童节都很开心。III. the other, another的用法。the other表示（两者中的）另一个another 表示（三个或以上中的）另一个例如：I have two uncles. One is a policeman and the other is a doctor. 我有两个叔叔，一个是警察，另一个是医生。 Here are three apples. One is red, another is green and the third is yellow. 这里有三个苹果，一个是红的，另外一个是青的，第三个是黄的。IV. others和

38、the others的用法。others表示另一些（人或物），不包括所有其余的。the others表示所有其余的。例如: After class, some students are talking with each other, and others are playing games. 下课后，一些同学正在聊天，另一些正在玩游戏。 I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red and the others are blue. 我有十支笔，两个是红色的，其余的是蓝色的。V. some和any的用法。some一般用于肯定句中，any 多用于否定句和

39、一般疑问句中。例如: There are some apples in the box. 箱子里有些苹果。 Do you have any water here? 这里有水吗？疑问句一般不用some，只有当表示邀请或期待对方做出肯定回答时才能用some。例如: Would you like some coffee? 你想要来点咖啡吗？any 用于肯定句，后面修饰可数名词单数时，表示“任一”。例如:The teacher likes any student in her class. 这个老师喜欢他班里的每一个学生。VI. (a)few和little的用法。few, little:几乎没有（否定

40、语气）a few, a little: 一些，少数（肯定语气）few, a few指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配little, a little指不可数事物，只能与不可数名词搭配例如:Lets buy some milk. There is little in the fridge. 让我们去买些牛奶，冰箱里没有了。 He has a few friends. He often plays with them. 他有一些朋友并且经常与他 们一起玩。VII. many 和much 的用法。many表示许多，指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配；much表示许多，指不可数的事物，只能与不可数名词搭配。例如:Would you like to have a look at my stamps? I have many. 你想看看我的有票吗？我有很多。 He doesnt know much about this company. 他对这个公司知道