读写译教师用书unit-one-graduate-education.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date读写译教师用书unit-one-graduate-education出处： http:/wwwUnit OneGraduate EducationThe Text Introduction With increased enrollment in higher education in China, more and more people are pursuing

2、masters or doctorate degrees. However, going to graduate school is a tremendous investment of time, energy and money.You should be certain that this investment will help you achieve your future goals.If you have a strong desire for advanced studies of a chosen subject, if you are sure about your car

3、eer goals and an advanced degree is required for entrance into your chosen field, then graduate school is the right place for you.Graduate study can be very challenging but rewarding. This article first presents three skills needed to be successful in graduate school, namely, skills as detective, tr

4、anslator and diplomat. It then discusses the challenges waiting for you in graduate school, challenges of choosing a suitable graduate program, of studying under pressures, of balancing work, personal life and school demands. It also points out strategies for success, such as choosing the right scho

5、ol, managing well your time and handling stress. Language Points1. versus prep. (Par. 1): as opposed to; in contrast toe.g. peace versus war the pros and cons of organic versus inorganic produce 2. computer/library access (Par. 1): the opportunity to use the computer/libraryaccess n.: the right or o

6、pportunity to use somethinge.g. have broadband/wireless access to the internet 3. lists these 3 skills as detective (data collection, analysis, and interpretation), translator (reframing given ideas for diverse groups), and diplomat (negotiation, conflict mediation, and deal making) (Par. 2): the th

7、ree skills (that graduate programs should help the student acquire) are listed as follows: 1) skills as a detective in collecting, analyzing and interpreting data; 2) skills as a translator in explaining the same ideas to different groups; 3) skills as a diplomat in negotiating, mediating conflicts

8、and making deals.detective n.: a person, especially a police officer, whose occupation is to investigate and solve crimesdiplomat n.: an official representing a country abroade.g. a Western/German/retired/senior diplomat4. Benefits of a masters degree include intellectual improvement, personal devel

9、opment, acquisition of enhanced verbal/writing skills, advancement in career positions, and networking with peers and colleagues. (Par. 2): A masters degree may bring you a lot of benefits. It may help you improve your intellect and develop as a person; it may help you to acquire the improved skills

10、 in speaking and writing; it may bring you chances of career promotion as well as a growing social network of peers and colleagues. intellectual a.: of or relating to the intellecte.g. intellectual stimulation/disabilityacquisition n.: the learning or developing of a skill, habit, or qualitye.g. the

11、 acquisition of a foreign language knowledge acquisitionenhance v.: intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of e.g. enhance the competitiveness/employability of students enhance learning opportunitiespeer n.: a person of the same age, status, or ability as another speci

12、fied person e.g. peer reviewers His paper was criticized by his academic peers. 5. originality n. (Par. 2): the ability to think independently and creativelye.g. a poet of genuine originality originality of thought/ideas/design/project6. Online degree acquisition boasts of schedule flexibility, stud

13、ents setting their own pace, no travel time, and 24/7 Web interaction. (Par. 3): Pursuing an online degree has more flexible schedules; students enjoy more freedom in setting their own study pace; they dont need to spend time travelling to the classroom; they have the convenience of internet interac

14、tion with their teachers and classmates for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. flexibility n.: capability to adapt to new circumstances or requirementse.g. flexibility of administrationThese dyslexic children need the flexibility and diversity of the teaching methods. 7. assess v. (Par. 3): determine; m

15、easure; evaluatee.g. assess the impact/effectiveness/risks/suitabilityThe Group Project will beassessed on the basisof a presentation with strict time limit.8. potential a.(Par. 3): existing in possibilitye.g. potential students/customers/market/threat/impact/benefits/hazards9. reliance n. (Par. 4):

16、 act of relying; dependencee.g. heavy/excessive/continued/increased reliance on Its time to reduce reliance on private cars. 10. realistic a. (Par. 4): aware of things as they really aree.g. be/remain/seem/appear/look/become realistic The school and parents soon learned to develop more realistic exp

17、ectations.11. adaptive a. (Par. 4): able to adjustadapt v.: make fit; adjust; make suitable toe.g. adapt the curriculumThe movie is adapted from the best-selling autobiographical novel by Esther Freud.12. outlet n. (Par. 4): means of releasee.g. an outlet for the emotionsThe newspaper is a democrati

18、c media outlet for accurate and passionate telling of truth. Chinese Translation反思：读研的挑战与成功策略琳达威斯顿克莱默(1)继续读研的决定不应太草率，必须先慎重考虑个人及职业发展目标。为了获得硕士学位，你必须评估学校提供的研究生教育的多样性，不管它是传统的校园教学还是网络课堂；你还必须评估继续接受教育的费用，是否可以获得经济资助，能否兼职，完成学业的时间分配，个人计算机能力，学校计算机及图书馆资源等各类因素。研究生教育应该帮助学生获得三种核心能力。(2)迈克尔沃尔考克是曼彻斯特大学社会科学和发展政策学教授以及布

19、鲁克斯世界贫困问题研究所的项目主任。他将这三种能力列为：侦探能力（数据收集、分析、诠释），翻译能力（将已有观点阐述给不同的群体），外交能力（谈判、斡旋、取得共识）。硕士学位带来的好处包括智力的提升、个人的成长、口语/写作技巧的增强、职业的发展以及人脉关系的建立。根据梁伟澄先生的观点，在原创性、知识应用、洞察关键问题的能力方面，硕士生需表现出比本科生更高的水准。梁先生是英国纽卡斯尔市健康信托机构公共健康医药部门的资深医师，同时也是一位多产作家。(3)你首先面临的挑战是了解哪一类的研究生培养计划能满足个人基本需求并为其做好准备。另外一个挑战是时间限制，因为与教授、在读研究生及顾问们的交流是做出这个

20、最初决定的必要过程。读网络学位可以有弹性学习时间，学生可以制定自己的学习进度，无需花时间往返校园，并且可以每天24小时进行网络交流。但是，在尽力满足日常生活要求的同时，学生们仍然要完成各类作业及面对各种截止期限。接受远程教育的学生还常常觉得与老师和其他同学隔绝开了。准备读研的学生必须评估各类研究生教育的相似与不同。学生们必须在工作、家庭和学校要求之间找到平衡，而这三点常常使学生们有逼迫感与疲惫感。通常的情况是，生活中的其它事情都比学业重要。所以不能完成学业或获得学位的原因经常是来自社会与家庭，而不是学术。(4)获得成功有几种方法。成功的第一条策略是选对学校。第二条策略是管理好时间。用笔记本草草

21、记下以后要用到的想法、观点和观察，将待办的事情列成清单，每完成一件就将其从清单中划掉。来自新墨西哥州霍布斯里亚区域医疗中心的一名家庭护士，拉梅什.纳乌卢瑞，将治疗肺炎的设备PQRSTU一词用于比较时间管理的基本概念和我们心脏的节奏。P是Prioritizing，确定被他人及你自己掌控的那些事情的优先处理次序。Q是Question，质疑任务的有效性、效果及效率。这点涉及到要知道“何以”来确保任务的完成。R是Recheck，尽快重新核查你的待办清单，哪些任务或事情已经完成，哪些尚未完成。S是Self-reliance，自信，知道自己能做什么与不能做什么，能控制什么与不能控制什么。这里的关键是要务实

22、、变通、创造与坚持。T是Treating yourself，善待自己。休息一下以保持头脑清醒，感觉到准备好、精力充沛了再重新开始工作。最后，U是You can do it，你能做到。这句话总使我想起“周六夜现场”中的鲍勃.施耐德！然而不管你是通过自己还是与他人进行团队合作，确定自己能够做到是非常励志的。成功的第三条也是最后一条策略，是处理好压力。减压的方法有很多，但必须是令人愉快及有意义的。体育活动、唱歌、手工、音乐、冥想、旅游以及按摩等都是舒缓压力的多种渠道。(5)读研非常有挑战性，同时也令你获益匪浅。研究显示，读研期间的研究生会订阅与职业相关的杂志，加入全国性的组织，并阅读专业期刊。一旦你

23、做出继续深造的决定，我的ABC方法可以供你参考。A是Assess，评估你自己的个人和职业目标。现在许多工作都要求你拥有硕士学位。B是Buy into，相信你的决定！但是在做出决定之前，务必权衡所有的利弊。C是Charge ahead，勇往直前，朝着目标努力！Key to the ExercisesPart One: ReadingPre-reading Activities:I. Topic Preview Answers will vary.II. Vocabulary preview A. 1. b, c, a 2. c, a, b 3. b, a, c 4. b, c, a B. 1.

24、self-reliance 2. realistic 3. flexibility 4. adapt 5. enhance 6. acquisition 7. originality 8. access 9. potential 10. outlet 11. assessed 12. intellectualPost-reading Activities:I. Discussion1. Because decisions should be made after serious consideration of personal and professional goals. Answers

25、may vary.2. The three competencies are listed as detective (data collection, analysis, and interpretation), translator (reframing given ideas for diverse groups), and diplomat (negotiation, conflict mediation, and deal making). Answers may vary.3. Benefits of a masters degree include intellectual im

26、provement, personal development, acquisition of enhanced verbal/writing skills, advancement in career positions, and networking with peers and colleagues. The challenges include: understanding which kind of graduate study will prepare and meet basic individual needs; time constraints; balance of wor

27、k, family and school demands. 4. Online degree acquisition boasts of schedule flexibility, students setting their own pace, no travel time, and 24/7 Web interaction. Answers may vary.5. According to the author, failure to complete a course or degree is usually caused by social or family reasons rath

28、er than academic reasons. Because students must balance work, family, and school demands where feelings of being rushed and fatigued are common and also, everything else in a students life takes precedence over school.6. Three. The strategies include: choosing the right school; time management; stre

29、ss management. Answers may vary.7. Answers may vary.8. The authors “ABC pneumonic” can be interpreted as the following. A is Assess your personal and professional goals; B is Buy into your decision after weighing all the pros and cons; C is Charge ahead with the goal in sight. Answers may vary.II. V

30、ocabulary Review and ExpansionA. 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. BB. Words using the three affixes in the text:Words beginning with re-Words ending with -mentWords ending with -ionrecheckreframerefreshrestartemploymentallotmentimprovementdevelopmentadvancementassignmentmanagementaccomplishment

31、decision, consideration, education, collection, interpretation, negotiation, mediation, acquisition, position, application, interaction, solution, observation, meditation, occupation, organizationMore words ending with the following suffixes:-ation, -tion, -ion-ate-alabbreviationattentioncontributio

32、ncoordinationindicationinformationinterpretation negotiationrestrictionselectionadvocate alternateassassinate congratulatecooperatefacilitate fascinateformulatenominate isolatebiologicalchemicalculturalfinancialfunctional geographical mental normaloptional professionalIII. ClozeA. (1) the pros and c

33、ons (2) acquire (3) diplomat (4) pursuing (5) challenge (6) constraints (7) precedence (8) strategies(9) prioritize (10) self-reliant (11) outlets (12) assessB. (1) impact (2) making (3) entering (4) in (5) seriously(6) self-reliance (7) need (8) research (9) another (10) important(11) graduate (12)

34、 with (13) your (14) on (15) forPart Two: WritingExercisesA. 3700 Walnut StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19104U. S. A.June 16, 2008Xinyu Wang86 Wushan RoadGuangzhou, Guangdong 510642P. R. ChinaDear Mr. Wang: The first paragraph of a typical formal letter should be short and state the purpose of the letterto

35、make an enquiry, complain, request something, etc.Beginning with the second paragraph, state the relevant information to justify your purpose. Most letters in English are not very long, so keep the information to the essentials and organize it in a clear and logical manner rather than expanding too

36、much.The last paragraph should state what action you expect the recipient. You can briefly restate your purpose and why it is important. You may end the letter with your contact information, or gratitude for the readers time.Sincerely yours, (Signature)Mary Smith Communication SpecialistB. Answers w

37、ill vary.Part Three: Translation TipsExercisesA. 1. Simon是个爱传闲话的人。2. 我对您真是感激不尽。3. Jim在一九八八年四月三日晚上十点出生。4. 打落水狗。5. 斩草除根。6. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。7. 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。8. 骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。9. 他忽然产生了束手无策的绝望感觉。10. 几年前，公司弥合了日美文化的巨大差异，在日本成功建立了1家迪斯尼主题乐园。但在欧洲建立迪斯尼乐园却完全是另一番情景，至少先期阶段并不成功。 B. 研究生教育应该帮助学生获得三方面的核心竞争力：侦探能力（数据收集、分析、诠释），翻

38、译能力（将已有观点阐述给不同的群体），外交能力（谈判、斡旋、取得共识）。硕士学位带来的好处包括智力的提升、个人的成长、口语/写作技巧的增强、职业的发展以及人脉关系的建立。在原创性、知识应用、洞察关键问题的能力方面，硕士生需展现出比本科生更高的水准。Part Four: Supplementary ReadingExercisesA. 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. CB. Answers will vary. QuizA. Match each italicized word in Column A with its synonym or definition in Column

39、 B.Column AColumn B_ 1. a strategic partnershipa. the action of pursing_ 2. expel the Iraqi diplomatb. coming before; previous_ 3. influenced by their peers c. taking part_ 4. in pursuit of happinessd. an official representing a country abroad _ 5. improve his competencee. a person of the same age,

40、status, or ability as another specified person_ 6. the preceding nightf. of or having to do with strategy_ 7. with the participation ofg. making an advance payment in order to receive something_ 8. a one-year subscriptionh. abilityB. Translate the following paragraph into English.在申请研究生院之前，你应该认真考虑你的

41、个人及职业目标。你必须充分意识到你在研究生院学习所要面临的各种潜在挑战。一旦做出决定，你必须清楚生活中一切其它事情都不可以优先于你的学业。你还必须学会运用成功策略，学会优先考虑事情，学会面对现实、自力更生、自我调整及坚持不懈。只有这样，你才能够顺利完成学业并获得硕士学位。 Key to the QuizA. 1. f 2. d 3. e 4. a 5. h 6. b 7. c 8. gB. Before applying to graduate school, you should consider seriously your personal and professional goals.

42、 You must be fully aware of the various potential challenges that you might be faced with when you study in graduate school. Once the decision is made, you must be clear that everything else in your life cannot take precedence over your studies. You must also learn to use strategies for success, to prioritize events, to be realistic, self-reliant, adaptive and persistent. Only in this way can you complete your courses and obtain your masters degree successfully. -