英语知识点复习总结-初中英语知识点：被动语态.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语知识点复习总结-初中英语知识点：被动语态英语知识点复习总结-初中英语知识点：被动语态被动语态的结构 英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被动语态由“助动词be过去分词”

2、构成，其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如：English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。被动语态的五个重要考点将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1. All the employees except the manager _to work online at

3、home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered解析：a libr

4、ary是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D；又因主语(library) 是单数，排除C；故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. sho

5、uld not send; what解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D；又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用来源:Zxxk.Com“(should+) 动词原形”，排除A；答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故选B。将语态与倒装结合起来命题Only after my friend came _.A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired解析：因the computer与

6、repair是被动关系，排除A；又因only加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除选项D和B；故选C。将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度Good care must _babies, particularly while they are ill.A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B；选项C中又漏掉了of；故选D。在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题1. The number of deaths from heart d

7、isease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded解析：因people与persuade是被动关系，排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。2. Hundreds of jobs _if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost 解析：因lose与job

8、s是被动关系，排除A和D；又因条件状语从句是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时，故选B。3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A. were washed away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away解析：因good earth (沃土) 与wash away(冲走) 是被动关系，排除C；又因quantities of作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除B；指近阶段(近些年)

9、 正在发生的事，用现在进行时，排除A；故选D。4. The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.()A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned解析：由is和for weeks可知，要用现在完成时态，排除B和C；又因It (The window) 与clean是被动关系，要用被动语态，所以选D。5. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding? No, I _. Did

10、they have a big wedding?A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite 解析：因为I与invite是被动关系，又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前，got married是过去，invite就该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，只有C正确。6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been complete

11、d B. has completedC. will have been completed D. will have completed 解析：因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用，所以由by 2006可排除A和B；又因为work与complete是被动关系，所以要被动语态，只有C正确。7. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _run over by a car. A. have B. get C. become D. turn 解析：you与run over是被动关系，选项中只有get才可与过

12、去分词run构成被动语态，故选B。被动语态【用法与特点】 常用时态的被动语态由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如： Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如： The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如： The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。(4) 过去进行

13、时：was/were/being +过去分词。如： This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如： The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外.(6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如：The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。(7) 现在完成时：have/has be

14、en +过去分词。如： This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如： When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。被动语态【用法与特点】 带双宾语动词的被动语态规律主动：He answered me the question. (正)被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)

15、被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award 等：他给了她一些钱。主动：He gave her some money. (正)被动：She was given some money by him. (正)被动：Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，

16、这类动词主要的有：do，make，pass，sell，sing，write 等：他给她写了封信。主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见)有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：answer，refuse，save，spare，deny，envy 等：他们不允许我入场。主动：They refused me admittance. (正)被动：I was refused adm

17、ittance by them. (正)被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)被动语态【用法与特点】 两类被动句型的转换英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子，如：People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。 Its believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+be+过去分词+t

18、hat从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：Its expected that he will come soon.= He is expected to come soon. 预计他很快就会来。Its expected that he has come. =He is e

19、xpected to have come. 估计他会已经来了。Its known that is a good singer. =He is known to be a good singer. 大家知道他是位优秀的歌手。Its known that was a good singer. =He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。 被动语态【用法与特点】 一般不用于被动语态的静态动词那里的人缺乏食物。正：People there lack food.误：Food is lacked by people there.从形式上看，

20、第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式，既然第1句为正句，那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。在英语中，并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的，有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语，但却不用于被动语态，这种动词考生容易弄错，其中主要的有：have，lack，fit，suit，cost，let，like等：他有一台电脑。正：He has a computer.误：A computer is had by him.他当时正在洗澡。正：He was taking a bath.误：A bath was being had by him.我的鞋不适合。正：My shoes

21、 dont fit me.误：I am not fitted by my shoes.这架钢琴花了她6000美元。正：The piano cost her 6000 dollars.误：She was cost her 6000 dollars.误：6000 dollars was cost her.来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K这件衣服他穿很合适。正：The coat suits him very well.误：He is well suited by the coat.被动语态【知识点拓展】 “get过去分词”表被动的用法一、基本用法英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可

22、用“get+过去分词”构成：James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。How did that window get opened? 那个窗户是如何打开的？Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 大城市的清洁女工通常按小时计酬。二、用法说明但总的说来，用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见，尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时，用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时，人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解：The window was

23、broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作)The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)被动语态【知识点拓展】 被动语态的主要用法当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。The time-table has b

24、een changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)来源:学|科|网为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如：It

25、is generally considered impolite to ask ones age, salary, marriage, etc. . 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)被动语态【知识点拓展】 表示“据说”的三类被动句型表示“据说”的三类被动句型(1) It is said

26、that句式It is said that honesty is the best policy. 人们说诚实是上策。It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。注：其它类似结构还有：Its supposed to be very good. 据说它质量很好。Its expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。It

27、is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。(2) There is said that句式There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast. 据信我们近海有大量石油。注：其它类似表达还有：There is supposed to be a train at 9:30. 九点半应有一班火车。There are known to be thousands of different species of beetles. 据了解，有成千上万

28、种不同的甲虫。(3) sb / sth is said that句式：其意为“据说”，Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 据说布朗先生死于肝癌。注：其它类似表达还有：The strike is expected to end soon. 估计罢工不久就可结束。He is believed to have already got out of the country. 据信他已离开这个国家。被动语态【知识点拓展】 不用于被动语态的情形1. 不及物动词没有被动语态因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态

29、。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise(出现，发生)等：A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。2. 某些静态

30、动词不用于被动语态英语有些静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态，如以下各句均不能变为被动语态：My shoes dont fit me. 我的鞋不合适。The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。The hall holds 1000 people. 大厅可容纳1000人。3. 宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态由于相互代词和反身代词通常不能用作主语，所以当它们用作动词宾语时，句子不能转换成被动语态：We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。He

31、 could see himself in the mirror. 他在镜子中可以看到自己。 被动语态【知识点拓展】 何时使用被动语态我们在平常的英语交流中，尽量使用主动语态，但在下列情况下，则通常使用使用被动语态：The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是

32、她姐姐提走的。3. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有辆新摩托车。它是父亲送给我作为生日礼物的。4. 在新闻报道中，为了表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的透露时。如：A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men were killed, the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and police

33、men were sent there to cope with the event. 今天早晨高速公路上发生了一起车祸，三人丧生，伤员马上被送往了医院，并马上派了警察去处理这一事件。5. 在科技论文中，常使用被动语态来强调客观事实。如：When it is cold enough, water will be turned into ice. 当天气足够冷时，水就会变成冰。So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times. 到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。被动语态【知识点拓展】 使用被动语态“三注意”使用被动语态“三

34、注意”一要注意被动语态的不同时态被动语态由“be+过去分词”，其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如：She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)二要注意带情态动词的被动语态该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境

35、题出现在考卷中。如：The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。They shouldnt have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如：来源:学#科#网She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如：

36、I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护，他感到很安全。4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations

37、tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：Jennys not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如：The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。-