名词性从句 ppt课件.ppt

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1、句子种类句子种类简单句简单句（5个）个）复合句复合句（主句（主句+引导词引导词+从句）从句）并列句并列句（简单句（简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句）简单句）定从，定从，状从，状从，名从名从1: Both Tom and Henry are Chinese boys. 2: You help him and he helps you.3:What we can do is helping them.4: If my wish that the dancers can grow taller comes true one day, they will not have to stand on th

2、eir toes all the time.What kind of sentences are they?简单句简单句复合句复合句复合句复合句并列句并列句Noun Clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact

3、is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主语是句子主语是句子宾语是句子宾语是句子表语是句子表语是句子 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语是句子同位语是句子Conjunctions of Noun ClausesConjunctions of Noun Clauses( (引导名词性从句引导名词性从

4、句的关联词的关联词): :从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）疑问（连接）疑问（连接）代词代词（作主、宾（作主、宾、表表、定的成分）定的成分）疑问（连接）疑问（连接）副词副词（作状语成分）（作状语成分）what(事情事情), who(谁谁), whom(谁谁), whose(谁的谁的), which(哪哪.), wh+ever(无论任何无论任何.)that, whether/if（是否）（是否）,as if/as thoughwhen(何时何时), where(何地何地), how(如何如何), why(为什么为什么)1. 1. 主语从句主语从句 主语从句就是主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语从

5、句在主句中作主语的名的名词性从句。词性从句。1)That she left him hurts him so much. 2)Whether it will please them is not easy to say.3) What we need is more practice.4)When we will begin the meeting is under discussion.*that 只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。*whether 是否，表不确定的事情是否，表不确定的事情(不能用不能用If）*what 在从句中作主语在从句中作主语*

6、When 在从句中作状语在从句中作状语*_(他是否要他是否要来来)is not yet known.*_(他想告诉我他想告诉我们什么们什么)is not clear.*_(谁会赢得这场谁会赢得这场比赛比赛)is still unknown. *_(你错过了你错过了这次机会这次机会)is a pity. =It is _.Exercise 1:Whether he will come or notWhat he wants to tell usWho will win the matchThat you missed the chancea pity that you missed the ch

7、ance 注意注意: 由由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡子结构平衡, 避免避免 “头重脚轻头重脚轻”, 常用常用 it 作作形式形式主语主语, 而把从句放在后面。而把从句放在后面。 例如例如: 1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible._ _2.That they should like each other is natural. _*it为形式主语为形式主语It is natural that they should like each other.It is impossi

8、ble that he will refuse this piece of advice.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + n. +从句从句 It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 是事实是事实 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识*_(很遗憾很遗憾)we lost the match.*_(这是事实这是事实)he cheated in the exam.It is a pity th

9、atIt is a fact that2) It is + adj. +从句从句 Its certain that 肯定肯定 It is possible that. 很可能很可能 It is unlikely that. 不可能不可能 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 It is necessary important natural. that*_(很可能很可能)she will come back tomorrow.*_(很明显很明显)this measure is effective.+(should) +doIt is possible thatIt is obvi

10、ous that3) It +不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起我突然想起*_(刚好刚好)I came into the office at that time.*_(我突然想起我突然想起)I forget to sent the letter.It happened thatIt occurred to me that4) It + be +过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that. 据说据说 It is known to all that. 众所周知众所周知 It is re

11、ported that. 据报道据报道 It is believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that + (should）do. 建议建议It must be admitted that必须承认必须承认 It cannot be denied that 不可否认不可否认 It must be pointed out that需指出的是需指出的是 *_(据报道据报道)20 people were killed in the accident. *_(建议建议)we should eat more vegetable and do more exer

12、cise.It is reported thatIt is suggested that宾语从句宾语从句 We can learn what we do not know. He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.A. I dont know where we will hold the meeting.(语序语序) )1.I decided （that ）I would go to the party.2.I dont know if/whether he will come back tomorrow.3.I want to know

13、 how it happened.4. He was listening to what the teacher said. 宾语从句就是从句在主句中作宾语从句就是从句在主句中作宾语宾语的名词性的名词性从句从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介词之或介词之后。后。2.宾语从句宾语从句1. _(我听说我听说)he joined the army.2. _(我怀疑我怀疑)he will succeed.3. Pay attention to _ (医生医生说些什么说些什么).4. Do you know_(他什么时候会他什么时候会来来)?5. Did she sa

14、y_(我们我们应该怎么做这个工作应该怎么做这个工作)? Exercise 2:I heard (that)I doubt whether/ifwhat the doctor saidwhen he will comehow we should do the workFill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions.1. -Can you tell me _ the man is ? - He is my brother. 2. I didnt know _ he was coming until yesterday. 3. The doctor ask

15、s _ medicine you have taken.4. This is _ they solved the problems in the city.whowhenwhathow5. What frightened us most was _ two lights suddenly appeared out of the darkness.6. My mother asked _ the matter was with me. 7. The reason I didnt come to the meeting was _ I got ill.whatthatthat1. We thoug

16、ht it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.2. He has made it clear that he will not give in.注意：注意： it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为等后作为形式宾语形式宾语, 真真正的宾语正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾从句则放在句尾.*_(我们觉得很奇我们觉得很奇怪怪)she didnt go to school today.We think it strange thatTranslate these

17、 sentences into English using noun clauses.1.这是我们所想要的这是我们所想要的东西东西。 This is what we want. 2. 我认为你是对的。我认为你是对的。 I think you are right. 3. 我想知道他我想知道他是否是否能帮助我。能帮助我。 Id like to know whether he can help me or not.4. 天气不是昨天天气不是昨天那样那样了。了。 The weather is not what it was yesterday.5. 问题是我们问题是我们怎么怎么能完成任务。能完成任务。

18、 The problem is how we can finish the task.表语从句表语从句在句子中作表语，在系动词之后在句子中作表语，在系动词之后 The question is whether we can complete the difficult task. The fact is that we will have two days off.常见的系动词分为三种：常见的系动词分为三种：A表示特征和状态：表示特征和状态： be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem,appear等等 B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：

19、get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等等C表示某种状态的：表示某种状态的： remain, keep, prove, rest, continue, stay等等3.表语从句表语从句 表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语表语的名词性从的名词性从句，放在系动词之后句，放在系动词之后1.The trouble is (that )I have lost his address. 2.The question is whether they will be able to help us.3.That is what he ha

20、s done.4.The problem remains how to get some financial support.表语从句：表语从句：1.The reason why he was late was _he missed the train by one minute this morning. 2.The question is _ _(我们是否能做好准备）我们是否能做好准备）in such a short time.3.What I want to know is _ _(我该买哪部词典）我该买哪部词典）.4.The point is _（你什么（你什么时候可以完成）时候可以完

21、成）Exercise 3:whether we can make goodwhen you can finish it.thatwhich dictionary Ipreparationshould buy 4.同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语同位语的名词的名词性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步解释解释，说，说明名词的明名词的具体内容。具体内容。 大多数同位语从句由从属连词大多数同位语从句由从属连词that (whether, how, when, where, why)引导引导（不能省略）（不能省略）,常跟常跟

22、以下抽象名词后以下抽象名词后, fact/ news/idea/reason/ hope/ belief/ truth/dream /problem/ advice/ suggestion/ thought/order/ doubt/ answer/ reply 1.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.2.Where did you get the idea that I could not come.3. He often asks me this question when Tom wil

23、l come back from American.Appositive clause 同位语从句同位语从句:1. The idea _ computers will recognizehuman voices surprises many people.2. The possibility _ the majority of thelabour force will work at home is often discussed.3. I have no idea _(他去了哪里）他去了哪里）4. They are thinking about the question_ _(怎么能够赢得怎

24、么能够赢得)the competition.5. Please tell us the truth _(谁谁为我们做的）为我们做的）.thatthathow theywho did that for uswhere he has goneExercise 4:could win1.The news that our team has won the game was true. *(同位语从句同位语从句, 补充说明补充说明news到底是一个什么消息，到底是一个什么消息，that虽不作成分虽不作成分, 但不能省略但不能省略) 2.The news that he told me yesterda

25、y was true. *(定语从句定语从句, 起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息，起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息， that在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语,可以省略可以省略) 注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别 判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.The order that we received yesterday was that we shoul

26、d send a few people to help the other groups. 3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.4.The news that we got last week is true.5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)(定语从句定语从句)1.The suggestion (that) she has put forward is

27、 very good. 2.The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good. 注意：名词性从句与定语从句区别注意：名词性从句与定语从句区别名词性从句名词性从句定语从句定语从句10判断：名词性从句判断：名词性从句定语从句定语从句1.The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all.2.There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.名词性从句名词性从句定语

28、从句定语从句101.I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. That is _ I had a few days off. -The project was turn down. -Is that _ we lack money?3.Tom didnt go to school today. The reason was _ he fell ill.用用thatwhybecause填空填空thatwhybecause20注意注意1：that / what的辨用的辨用1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to

29、 go there is obvious.3.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.4.He told us _ he felt ill.5.The result is _ we won the game.6.This is _ we want to know.7. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.8.The fact_ she works hard is well known to us all.WhatThatwhatwhatwhat（that）（that）thatRules1.t

30、hat在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用连接作用2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。注意注意2：whether与与if的辨用的辨用1.Whether it is true remains a problem.2.It remains a problem whether/if it is true.3. He asked whether/if Mary would attend the ceremony.4.It depends on

31、 whether we have got enough money. 5.The question is whether you should accept it. 6.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important.7.I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.8.I dont know whether/if it is right or not.Rules1.在由形式主语在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的动词后面的宾语从句中，表宾语从句中，表“是否是否”

32、， whether/if 都可以用；都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否是否”， 只能只能用用whether；3.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能不能换成换成ifPractice timeif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. I dont know _ he is well or not. 3._ we will hold a party in the open ai

33、r tomorrow depends on the weather.4.It hasnt been decided_ we shall attend the meeting.5.Were worried about _ he is safe.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go or to stay at home. whether/ if whetherwhet

34、herwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether / if1.I doubt_ he can speak English.2.I dont doubt _ he can speak English.whether/ ifthat10*His brother asks when will he go to the library .PS:名词性从句的语序用名词性从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序 Correct or not?*His brother asks when he will go to the library . 10Correct or not?*When t

35、he meeting will be held havent been known yet.*When the meeting will be held hasnt been known yet.PS:主语从句的谓语用主语从句的谓语用单数单数形式形式 10 Correct or not?PS:由由that引导的主语从句放在句首，引导的主语从句放在句首，that 不能省略不能省略。That he will give up his job surprises all of us.*He will give up his job surprises all of us.10 Correct or n

36、ot?PS: 在此宾语从句中，在此宾语从句中，it 充当充当形式宾语形式宾语，真，真正的宾语为正的宾语为that 从句从句I think it worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.* I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.10* If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.Correct or not?Whether we will have a meeting hasnt

37、been decided yet.PS:放在名词性从句放在名词性从句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，只能用只能用whether, 不能用不能用if10 Correct or not?PS:由由reason 做主语的表语从句只能用做主语的表语从句只能用that 来引导。来引导。The reason why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam.*The reason why he was late was because he was caught in a traffic jam.10 Correct or not?PS:此主

38、语从句此主语从句缺少成分缺少成分(宾语宾语)，故用作成，故用作成分的分的what来引导，而不用来引导，而不用that。What she wants to know iswhen the party will be held . *That she wants to know is when the party will be held . 10 Correct or not?PS:同位语从句的同位语从句的that 不能省略不能省略。He expressed his hope that he would visit China again. *He expressed his hope he w

39、ould visit China again. 10 Correct or not?PS:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！由在名词性从句中的使用！由demand ,order, require, insist, suggest, advise等引等引导的宾语从句，或由导的宾语从句，或由demand, order, suggestion等等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要用引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要用should+do 的形式的形式It is suggested that we should put off.*It is suggested that we would

40、 put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather.10 Correct or not?PS:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！在在名词性从句中的使用！在It is necessary important natural. that句型中，句型中，从句的谓语要用从句的谓语要用should+do 的形式的形式It is important that we should finish the work on time.*It is important that we will finish the work on time. 1

41、01.Do they speak English? （一般疑问句）（一般疑问句）2.We want to knowJoin two sentences into one noun clauseWe want to know if/whether they can speak English.201.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet. （陈述句）（陈述句）2.The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.Join two sentences into one noun claus

42、eThe fact that two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.201.The problem has been solved. 2.Why were so many areas flooded during the heavy storm?（特殊疑问句）（特殊疑问句）Join two sentences into one noun clauseThe problem why so many areas were flooded during the

43、 heavy storm has been solved.20The news that Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdles brought Chinese great happiness.The News brought Chinese great happiness.Liu Xiangwon the 110 hurdlesMake a sentence30 the cat domade What the cat did made the baby cry.Whatthe baby criesMake a sentence30dont konwwhat dowhere

44、 goThe man doesnt know where he should go and what he should do.The man30talk aboutthe use of cell phone What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.Make a sentence30report , Yao get the highest points, match It is reported that Yao got the highest points in the match.Make a sentence30It makes the teacher angry that the child doesnt know the answer.teacher angryDont know the answerMake a sentence30