英语句子成分分析学案.doc
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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语句子成分分析学案英语句子成分分析学案 句子成分及结构一 句子成分现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:除 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)之外还有 表语(predicative)(同位
2、语)。1. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does harm to the he
3、alth.6. The rich should help the poor.7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.9. That he isnt at home is not true练习2. 改错1) Do exercise everyday is good for your health.2) All what he said isnt true.3) He came late made his tea
4、cher angry.4) On the desk is two books.2. 谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day.2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for yo
5、u all the time.I would stay at home all day.考点1. 在一般现在时中要注意动词第三人称单数当主语是复数时(不止一个人),后面用动词原形。当主语是一个人,并且不是I 和you,谓语要用第三人称单数,也就是在后面加-s,-es1. We/You(你们)/They _(go) to school every day.2. Tom and Mike _(go) to school every day. 3. His children _(go) to school every day.4. Tom _(go) to school every day.5. M
6、y brother _(go) to school every day.6. Your sister _(go) to school every day.7. Their son _(go) to school every day.8. He / She _(go) to school every day.考点2. 谓语中要有动词,因此形容词前面要加上系动词才能作谓语。如:Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.改_-考点3. 在复合谓语中,情态动词和助动词,如:will, shall, would, should, can, ma
7、y must, could, might,还有had to, had better, used to, would rather等,都没有人称和数的变化,后面用动词原形。修改下面句子:She might stayed at home. _ He must comes. _It raining heavily. _ They planting trees on the farm. _ 3. 表语:表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。划出下列句中的表语, 并说明有什么充当。1)
8、Our English teacher is an American. 2) Is it yours? 3) The weather has turned cold. 4) The speech is exciting. 5) Three times seven is twenty one? 6) His job is to teach English.7) His hobby(爱好)is playing football. 8) The machine must be under repairs. 9) The truth is that he has never been abroad.4
9、. 宾语:宾语由名词性的词充当,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构,划出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。1) They planed many trees yesterday. 2) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3) (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. 4) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5) I wanted to b
10、uy a car. 6) I enjoy listening to popular music.7) I think(that)he is fit for his office.5. 宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。用 线划出下列句中的宾语补足语,并指出是什么词充当,同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。1) His father named him Dongming. 2) They painted their boat white. 3) Let the fresh air in. 4) Yo
11、u mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 5) We saw her entering the room.6) We found everything in the lab in good order.7) We will soon make our city what your city is now.8) I want your homework done on time.6. 定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用的表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。考点1.I have something important
12、to tell you.There is nothing interesting in the book.考点2. 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)He went up to a policeman downstairs. (楼下的警察)考点3.The next man is a scientist.The man next to me is a scientist.(我旁边的那个人)The shop closest to my house is about one kilometer away.(距我家最近的那个商
13、店)考点4. 介词短语作定语时要后置The boy under the tree is Tom.(树下的那个男孩)The tallest boy in our class is John.(我们班最高的那个男孩)考点5. 名词作定语一般用单数,但当woman, man作定语且后面名词为复数时,woman man 也要用复数boy students, apple trees, men doctors, women nurses考点6. 动词不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语作定语要后置I have something to say. (直译:我有要说的话)The boy crying over
14、there is my classmate.(在那边哭的那个男孩)The house built last year is impressive.(去年建的那座房子)考点7. Else, 别的,其它的Who else do you know?Somebody else might have taken it away.考点8. enough修饰名词可前置或后置, enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置。Nearby可作形容词、副词,因此修饰名词时也可前置或后置1) I havent got enough money. I cant afford it.(形容词作定语)2) We have t
15、ime enough to do the work. (形容词短语作定语)3) You cant be careful enough. (副词作状语)3) If you are in trouble, ask a policeman nearby for help. (副词作定语)= If you are in trouble, ask a nearby policeman for help. (形容词作定语)用 划出下列句中的定语,并指出是什么词性或结构充当的1. Tom is a handsome boy. 2. His boy needs Toms pen. 3. The boy in
16、blue is Tom.4. The boy needs a ball pen.5. The boy there needs a pen.6. The boy to write this letter needs a pen.7. There is nothing to do today. 8. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 9. There are five boys left.10. The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.11. T
17、he boy you will know is Tom.12. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.13. He is reading an article about how to learn English. 14. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 15. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.16. There are thirty women teachers in our scho
18、ol.7. 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。可由以下形式表示:He writes carefully. He walks slowly.This material is environmentally friendly. He runs very slowly.Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. 考点1. 形容词、副词的选择He is _. (careful)He is a _man.(careful)He feels _. (happy)He went there _. (happy)The lec
19、ture is very _ (important)._(surprising), he came to the meeting on time.The thing is _ _.(极其重要)In the past, this street is _ _.( 真的很繁华).He used to go to school _.(late)He used to be _( late) for school.几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式地点时间。如:We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.I found a lost p
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