英语：Module-2《Friendship》教案(2)(外研版八年级下).doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语：Module-2Friendship教案(2)(外研版八年级下)乾洲教育在线英语：Module 2Friendship教案（2）（外研版八年级下）一.教学内容：Module 2 Friendship二. 重点内容：语法知识：宾语从句；语言知识：词汇及词语辨析三. 具体内容：（一）语法指南宾语从句放在动词后面做宾语的句子，我们称之为“宾语从句”。宾语从句根据其表达

2、意义与疑问的差别可以分作三类，一类由that引导，一类由whether/if引导，还有一类由疑问词引导。常用作宾语从句的连词有：that, if whether, what, which, who, whom, where, how, why等。1. 当谓语动词表示肯定概念时，如“希望”、“相信”“知道”“说”，其后面的句子一般用that引导。That没有任何词汇意义，只有语法功能，使读者清楚后面的句子是前面动词的宾语。That在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用。that不用翻译出来，在口语当中常省略。除此以外，又语从句中有自己的主语，很容易与前面的主句分开，因此多数情况下t

3、hat可以省略。如：Betty thinks（that）trees improve the air.贝蒂认为树可以改善空气。I hope（that）it will snow this winter.我希望今年冬天能下雪。I believe（that）well become good friends.我相信我们会成为好朋友。有一点要注意，并非所有的动词后面都可接that引导的从句。接that引导的从句的谓语动词不可含有疑问的含义，常见的多是表示观点、看法、意念、要求等方面概念的词，如：believe, feel, hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, prom

4、ise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, wish, warn等。2. whether/if 引导的宾语从句如果我们要标达一个不确定的概念，比如：“记不清”、“不知道”、“问”、“想知道”等等，就要用whether/ if 表示，不能再用that。He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。I cant remember whether/if I have seen him before. 我记不清以前是否见过他。He asks

5、 whether/ if we will go fishing on Sunday.他问周日我们是否去钓鱼？Tom wants to know whether/ if he needs to come early tomorrow.汤姆想知道明天他是否有必要早来。注意：一般情况下if和whether可以通用。但如果从句后面还有一个选择性词语or not，则常用whether，构成 whetheror not的结构。3. 疑问词引导的宾语从句有的句子不是用that连接，也不是用whether或if连接，而是用when，where，how，Why等疑问词连接。这是从句意思表达的需要。比如“他问什么

6、时间出发”中的“什么时间出发”必须用一个疑问词才能表达；如果遇到什么时间，什么地点，什么方式，什么原因之类的疑问时，我们就要是用相应的疑问词来连接从句。但是同学们一定要注意，在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述句语序。如：He asks how we can help protect the environment.他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出点力。I cant understand why they like computer games so much.我不理解他们为什么如此喜欢电脑游戏。They havent decided where they should go for the h

7、oliday.他们还没有确定到什么地方去旅行。Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting?你知道我们什么时候开运动会吗？（二）语法专项训练1. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?Sorry, Ive no idea.A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. which2. Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?Usually it comes by 4:00.A. howB. whereC. whenD. what3. I

8、d like to know _ or not.A. whether will he comeB. whether has he comeC. whether he will comeD. that he will come4. They asked me _ during the May Day holidays.A. where had I goneB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where I had gone5. She did not tell us _.A. how old the patient isB. how old was

9、the patientC. how old the patient wasD. how old is the patient6. We dont know _ he is.They say he is much better these days.A. whatB. whoC. howD. where7. Could you tell me _ yesterday?A. what they doB. what they didC. what do they doD. what did they do8. I knew that the sun _ in the east when I was

10、a child.A. will riseB. roseC. riseD. rises9. She said _ she would leave the message on the headmasters desk.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what10. The man asked me if I _ him the way to the bus stop.A. can tellB. could tellC. will tellD. tell（三）重点句子详解1. Dig slowly, or youll be too tired to finish.慢慢挖，不然的

11、话你会很累，干不完活的。* 本句是“祈使句+or+并列分句”的句型，or连接连个分句，前面的分句相当于if引导的否定性从句。如：Hurry up, or youll be late.= If you dont hurry up, you will be late. 你快一点，不然就迟到了。Take the chance, or you will regret.=If you dont take the chance, you will regret it.抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。Stand still, or Ill shoot.=If you dont stand still, Ill

12、 shoot.* 有时前一个句子只有一个名词或名词短语。A word from you and hell change his mind.=If you say a word, hell change his mind.只要你说一句话，他就会改变主意。One more foul and hell be sent out of the court.他再犯一次规，就要罚出场了。*“祈使句+and+并列分句”的句型中，祈使句表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。如：Work hard and youll succeed.= If you work hard, youll succeed.努力学习，你就能

13、成功。Stir，and you are a dead man.=If you stir, you are a dead man.动一动我就打死你。* tooto意为“太而不能”，其句型结构为“too+形容词/副词+to+动词原形”，该句型用于肯定句，但表达否定的意思。如：He is too old to walk.他太老了，以致走不动了。Its too hard for him to learn English well.学好英语对他来说太难了。The box is too heavy for me to carry.那只箱子对我来说太重了，搬不动。* 当tooto do前面有only，but

14、等词时，或出现“never tooto do”或“toonot to do”的双重否定时，该句型就不表达否定含义了。如： Its never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。You are never too old to enjoy the music.你不会因为年纪大了而不喜欢这音乐。2. Were cutting down too many trees.我们正在过量砍伐树木。* cut down 此处意为“砍倒”A quarter of the forest reserves had been cut down by 1974.到1974年，四分之一的森林保护区已被砍伐

15、一空。How much is it going to cost us to cut all these trees down?把这些树全部砍倒要花费我们多少钱？* cut down可意为“削减”“减少”，如： Save time for yourself by cutting your shopping down to twice a week.拔去商店购物减少到每星期两次，以此为自己节省时间。She cut down on smoking.她抽烟有所减少。* cut down可以表示“改短（衣服）”If you cut down this T-shirt, itll fit your son.如果你把T恤改短，就能适合你儿子穿。* cut someone down to size 表示“使（某人）知道自己的分量”“使（某人）有自知之明”。That should cut her down to size.那该让她有点自知之明了。-