宾语从句讲解课件ppt.ppt

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1、The Object Clause宾语从句宾语从句1. 宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念;2. 宾语从句的分类宾语从句的分类;3. 宾语从句的用法宾语从句的用法;3学习目标学习目标: :u掌握宾语从句的掌握宾语从句的三要素三要素：引导词、语序、引导词、语序、 时态时态中考重点考查的要中考重点考查的要点哟！点哟！1. 宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念;2. 宾语从句的分类宾语从句的分类;3. 宾语从句的用法宾语从句的用法;1. I know ( that) he is from England.2. We hope (that) he will come back soon.3.I want to kn

2、ow if it will rain tomorrow.4. Please tell me who can play basketball.5. We are talking about what we should do next. 6. She always thinks of how she can help others. 通俗地讲通俗地讲, ,宾语从句就是在一个句宾语从句就是在一个句子中充当子中充当动词动词或或介词介词宾语的句子。宾语的句子。由从属连词由从属连词thatthat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由由连

3、接代词连接代词what, who, whom, which, whose引导的宾语从句和由引导的宾语从句和由连接副词连接副词where, how, when, why引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句句宾语从句的用法：宾语从句的用法：u宾语从句的引导词；宾语从句的引导词；u宾语从句的语序；宾语从句的语序；u宾语从句的时态；宾语从句的时态；宾语从句的宾语从句的引导词引导词由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由由连接代词连接代词what, who, whom, which, whose引导的宾语从句和由引导的宾语

4、从句和由连接副词连接副词where, how, when, why引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句句 注：注：that that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略充当成分，在口语当中往往省略. .1.I hear (that) _. （他想买一辆新车）（他想买一辆新车）2.He says(that) _. （他明天回来）（他明天回来）3. We hope (that)_. （ 他会赢得这场比赛）他会赢得这场比赛） he wants to buy a new car.he will come back tomorrow.he will win t

5、he match.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注：注：“Whether”,“ if ”在从句中不充当任何在从句中不充当任何 成分，可译成：成分，可译成：“是否是否”。 1. I want to know _ （他是否跟我们一起去）（他是否跟我们一起去） 2. Ill ask him _.（明天他是否能来）（明天他是否能来） 3. I dont know _. （是否要下雨）（是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go with us. whether (if) he can come tomorrowWhether(if) it

6、is going to rain.n1.当句中有当句中有or not时，时， or not可紧跟可紧跟whether后，后，也可置于句末；若用也可置于句末；若用if引导词法，只能放在句末：引导词法，只能放在句末：* I want to know whether(if) he can come here or not.* I dont know whether or not he will win this time.n2.在介词后面在介词后面,引导词只能用引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if. * Were talking about whether he can finish th

7、e work in time. whether与与if的不同用法：一般情况下，的不同用法：一般情况下， if常用于口常用于口语，语， whether多用于书面语，二者可以互换，但在下多用于书面语，二者可以互换，但在下列情况下只能用列情况下只能用whether。nI cant decide whether to join them.nWe dont know whether to tell him the news.3.3. WhetherWhether后可接后可接动词不定式动词不定式短短 语，而语，而ifif不能不能. . 由连接代词由连接代词what, who，whom, which, wh

8、ose 和连接副词和连接副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 1.He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2. Do you know_. 他们在做什么？他们在做什么？）3. He asked _。 （谁的故事是最好的谁的故事是最好的）4. Please tell me _. 我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会） who could answer the questionwhat they are doing whose story was the best when well have a meeting（作主语）（作主语）（作宾语）

9、（作宾语）作定语作定语时间状语时间状语 5. Can you tell me _? （他在哪儿（他在哪儿?） 6. Could you tell me _? （我该怎么去公园（我该怎么去公园?） 7. Would you tell me _?（为什么火车迟到了（为什么火车迟到了?） how I can get to the park why the train is late where he is地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语方式状语方式状语特点特点：在宾语从句中既在宾语从句中既起引导词的作用，起引导词的作用，同时在从句中又充当一定的成分。同时在从句中又充当一定的成分。连接代词连接代词 w

10、hat, who,whom, which,whose连接副词连接副词 when, where, how, why 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都要运用陈述句的语序，即都要运用陈述句的语序，即“主语在前，谓语主语在前，谓语在后在后”的顺序。的顺序。 1. Could you tell me_ _?（我怎样到达动物园）（我怎样到达动物园）2. Please tell me_. （他来自哪里）（他来自哪里）3.Do you know_? （我们什么时候可以回家）（我们什么时候可以回家）4.Please tell me_. （他

11、的学校在哪里）（他的学校在哪里） how I can get tothe zoo where he comes from when we can go home where his school is 3 . 3 . 时态的变化时态的变化 . . 当主句是当主句是一般现在时时一般现在时时，宾语从句的时态不受，宾语从句的时态不受 限制，可以根据实际需要来确定具体的时态。限制，可以根据实际需要来确定具体的时态。 a. I hear ( that ) Jim went to work yesterday. b. He says (that) we are going to visit Beijing

12、 next week. c. We all know that he was sleeping at this time yesterday. d. Lets find out who broke the window just now. 当主句是一般过去时的时候，当主句是一般过去时的时候，_ he would go to Xian . he was ill yesterday .He said ( that ) he was reading a book . he had supper at home .宾语从句必须用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达宾语从句必须用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达

13、到主句和从句的相互一致。到主句和从句的相互一致。 当宾语从句说明的是客观事实、自然现象、科当宾语从句说明的是客观事实、自然现象、科学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在学真理等时，从句不受主句限制，用一般现在时态。时态。 a.The teacher told us( that) the earth moves around the sun. b. The teacher told us (that) the man is a worker. c. My father said (that) the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 主句主

14、句从句从句现在时态范畴现在时态范畴一般过去时态一般过去时态当从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象和科学真理当从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象和科学真理_。根据实际需要选择相应的任何时态相应的过去时态从句不受主句的限制，仍用一般现在时宾语从句宾语从句应用过程中需注意应用过程中需注意的两个问题：的两个问题： 标点符号问题标点符号问题; 用用so代替一个宾语从句的情况。代替一个宾语从句的情况。标点符号标点符号 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定主句决定，不受从句的不受从句的限制限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主主句是疑问句时，

15、句末则用问号。句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。 1.He asked me if / whether I could help him . 2.Please tell me which color you like best . 3.Do you know where Li Ping is ? 4.Could you tell me how I can get to the shop? 5. Would you please tell me how you worked out the math problem?在在hope, believe, guess, tell,say,be afraid

16、等后面可以用等后面可以用so替代宾语从句。替代宾语从句。1. -The radio says itll be sunny tomorrow. -I hope so. We plan to go swimming.2.-You are all hard-working. -Thank you for saying so.宾宾语语从从句句定义定义类型类型用法用法在句子中在句子中充当宾语充当宾语的句子的句子that无意义，无意义，不成分不成分if/Whether有意义，有意义，不成分不成分连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词有意义，有意义，作成分作成分引导词引导词语序语序（陈述（陈述 语序）语序）时态时

17、态主句主句一般，一般，从句从句任何任何主过去，主过去，从过去从过去从句叙述从句叙述真理、事实、真理、事实、自然现象，自然现象，仍一般。仍一般。解题方法：解题方法：先分析从句，看是否缺少成分，然先分析从句，看是否缺少成分，然后根据句子的后根据句子的意思意思和和连接词连接词在从句在从句中的作用作出选择中的作用作出选择. .中考链接一：考查宾语从句的引导词中考链接一：考查宾语从句的引导词( ) 1.-Theres a red car over here. Do you know _ it is? A What B who C Whose D whom( ) 2.We want to know_ Li

18、u Xiang will _ the meeting. A whether, attend B that, attend C whether, join D that, join( ) 3.Can you tell me_it is from here to the Summer Palace? A how long B How soon C how far D how muchCAC一律为陈述句语序一律为陈述句语序解题方法：解题方法：注意：当从句的原句为以下句子及注意：当从句的原句为以下句子及what, whowhat, who作主作主语时，语序不变：语时，语序不变：Whats wrong?

19、 Whats the matter?Whats happening? What happened?a. I dont know whats the matter with him.b. Can you tell me who is singing in the room?c. I dont know whats happening over there.d. Can you tell me what happened to him just now?中考链接二：宾语从句的语序中考链接二：宾语从句的语序1.-Do you know _? -Sorry, I dont know. A. where

20、 does Jim work B. B. where Jim works.c. how does Jim go to work D.What does Jim do2. He doesnt understand_. A. which is the way to the museum. B. why his wife often goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum. D. why does she always go shopping.BB解题方法：解题方法： 1. 1.主句用一般现在时，宾语从句可以根主句用一般现在时，宾语从句可以根据实

21、际情况选用各种时态据实际情况选用各种时态. . 2.2.主句用一般过去时，宾语从句要用与主句用一般过去时，宾语从句要用与之相对应的过去时态。（之相对应的过去时态。（从句表示客观真从句表示客观真理、自然现象时除外理、自然现象时除外）中考链接三：中考链接三：考查宾语从句的时态考查宾语从句的时态（ ）1.-I think he_ in the library now. A was reading B . will read C reads D is reading ( ) 2.Tom said he _ back in a week. （2007四川）四川） A will come B would

22、come C come ( ) 3.I dont know if it _ tomorrow.If it_, Ill stay at home. A Will rain,rains B rains ,will rain C will rain ,will rain D rains,rainsDBA1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2.He hopes everything _ well. (go)3.Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.

23、4.I hear they _ (be) back in two days. 5.He said that they _(go) on a picnic. 6.He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) 8.I think you _ about the weather now. (talk) will be goes were playing will be would go travels are tal

24、king were doingExercise: fill in the blanks1. I didnt know when he _ the letter. (write)2. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) around the earth. 3. Could you tell me who _ away the book just now? (take)4. Ling Feng told me he _ to Beijing with his parents. (go)5. Our teacher told us in class th

25、e sun_ in the east. (rise) wrote moves took would gorises将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句:1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will s

26、peak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. He said that he was doing his homework. 7.

27、 “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked

28、 where Tom was. 宾语从句的简化宾语从句的简化I.当宾语从句中主句谓语动词为当宾语从句中主句谓语动词为hope, wish, agree, decide, choose 等，且主句和从句的等，且主句和从句的主语一致时，主语一致时， 宾语从句可以简化为不定式结构。宾语从句可以简化为不定式结构。1.Kate hopes that she can visit China some day. Kate hopes_ China some day.2.At last we decided that we would go there by plane. At last we decided

29、 _by plane. to visitto go there2.当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是see, hear, watch, feel等感官动词时等感官动词时,从句可以简化为：从句可以简化为：_ a.Can you hear that they are singing over there? Can you hear them_over there? b.She felt that someone was smoking in the room. She felt someone _in the room. c. We saw that he was playing football

30、just now. We saw him _just now. singingsmoking playing football“感官动词宾语感官动词宾语v-ing”形式。形式。3. 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，且主句谓由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，且主句谓语动词是语动词是ask, teach, show, tell, know, find等时，宾等时，宾语从句可以简化为语从句可以简化为_l Can you tell me how I should ask the way? Can you tell me _the way?l I dont know where I can buy

31、 this book. I dont know _this book.l Let discuss what we should do next . Lets discuss_ next. how to ask where to buy what to do“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”结构。结构。宾语从句的否定转移宾语从句的否定转移当主句的主语是当主句的主语是第一人称第一人称，且主句谓语动词为，且主句谓语动词为think,believe等，宾语从句中的否定词等，宾语从句中的否定词not要转要转移到主句谓语动词上来，而从句中仍用肯定形式，移到主句谓语动词上来，而从句中仍用肯定形式，即通常说的即通常说的“否定前置否定前置”。1.我认为他不会给你打电话。我认为他不会给你打电话。2.我们相信他们是不会打败我们的。我们相信他们是不会打败我们的。I dont think he will ring you up.We dont believe they will beat us.书面表达 下面是在某网页上发现的一篇文章，请根据汉语提示写一篇英语短文：（尽可能用宾语从句） 你相信人类在未来能够居住在火星上吗？ 科学家们正尽力让这个梦变为现实。 科学家们还不肯定能否在火星上生长植物。 科学家们还认为对首批定居者来说重力也是一个重要问题。 而且一致认为到火星上的旅行是不舒服的。