直接引语和间接引语.习题版--.docx

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除Direct speech and indirect speech直接引语和间接引语知识精讲引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语(Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech).引述时，原话中的人称代词、物主代词、动词时态以及指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要有相应的变化。1. 人称的变化：直接引语变间接引语后，人称要做相应的变化。人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变) (1) He said, “I like it very much.” 他说

2、：“我非常喜欢它。”He said that liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(2) He said to me, ”Ive left my book in your room.”他说对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了。” He me that had left book in room. 他告诉我把书放在我的房间里了。2. 时态的变化直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 (1) “ I dont want t

3、o set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. 安妮说：“ 我不想在日记里记流水帐。” Anne said that to set down a series of facts in a diary. 安妮说她不想在日记里记流水帐。(2) He said, “Im using the knife.” 他说：“我正在用刀。” He said that the knife.他说他正在用刀。(3) She said, “I have not heard from him since May.” 她说: “我自从五月份起就没有收到他的来信。”

4、She said that from him since May. 她说她自从五月份起就没有收到他的来信。(4) He said, “I saw her in the street.”他说：“ 我在街上看见过她了。” He said that her in the street.他说他在街上看见过她了。(5) He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” 他说：“ 我在午饭前已经完成了我的家庭作业。” He said that homework before supper. 他说他在午饭前已经完成了我的家庭作业。 (7) Zhou l

5、an said, “Ill do it after class.”周兰说：“我会课后完成它。” Zhou lan said that it after class.周兰说她会在课后完成它。3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化一览表 直接引语 间接引语 时间状语 now then today that daythis week/month/yearthat week/month/year last week/month/year the week/month/year before tomorrow the next/following day next

6、 week/month/year yesterday the next week/month/year the day before 地点状语 here there动词 come go指示代词thisthesethatthose(1) she said: “ I will come this morning.” 她说：“我上午会来。”She said that _.她说她上午会来。(2) He said, “These books are mine.”他说：“这些书是我的。” He said that books .他说这些书是他的。(3) He said,“It is nine oclock

7、 now.”他说：“现在9点了。” He said that it nine oclock .他说那会9点(4) He said,: “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“我妹妹三天前在这里。”He said that sister there .他说他妹妹三天前曾在这里。(5) He said, “I havent seen her today.”他说：“我今天还没有见过她。” He said that her .他说他那天没有见过她。(6) She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“我昨天在那里。” She sa

8、id that there .她说她昨天去过那里。(7) She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.”她说：“我明天会去那里。” She said that there / .她说她明天会去那里(8) He said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.”他说：“他们后天到那里。”He said that they _ _ _ _.他说他们两天后到那里。(9) She said, “I came here to seen the doctor the day before yesterday.”她说：“ 我前天到这里看医生

9、。”She said there to see the doctor . 她说她两天前到这里看医生。 注意： 直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light much faster than sound” 如果在当地转述，here不必改为 there，动词come不必改为go，如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变.直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，在变为间接引语时，一般过去时通常不变。He said:”I was b

10、orn in 1990 in Beijing.”He said he born in 1990 in Beijing.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态通常不变。He says:”Tom is good at Chinese.” He says that Tom good at Chinese.在含有时间状语从句的直接引语中，主句的谓语动词为过去进行时、过去完成时或过去将来时，变为间接引语时这些时态不变。 He said:”I was listening to music when she came in.” He said that he to music wh

11、en she came in.当直接引语是名人名言时，从句时态不变。 He said:”Where there is a will, there is a way.” He said where there a will,there a way.1. We go to school on Saturday, too. They say.They say that to school on Saturday, too.2. My teacher said,“she is a good student.” My teacher said that was a good student.3. You

12、 must be on time for your lessons. He said to me. He told me that_ _ _ _on time for lessons. 4. 祈使句:转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为不带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, order, request, ask,remind,warn和advise等动词，即动词order,tell,ask,request,remind,warn和advise+宾语+不定式）如果祈使句为否定式，并在不定式的前面加not. 注意：一般情况下，通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：使用

13、 ask sb (not) to do sth 2、直接引语里不含please表示命令，建议等语气：使用 tell/order/advise sb (not) to do sth(1) She said to us, “please sit down.”她对我们说：“请坐。” She us down.她请我们坐下。(2) he said to him,“go away!”他对他说：“走开！” He ordered him away.他命令他走开。(3) Mother said to me, “Come back before 10.妈妈对我说：“十点以前回来。” Mother told me

14、back before 10。妈妈嘱咐我十点以前回去。(4) he said, “dont make so much noise ,boys.”他说：“孩子们，不要大声吵闹。” He told the boys so much noise. 他告诉孩子们不要大声吵闹。1. Mother said to him, dont cry! Mother him cry.2. I said to him yesterday, please come early.Yesterday I _ him early. 注意： （1）、间接引语中不能用say;（2）、祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须去掉；

15、（3）、人称代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语等也要相应变化。5. 疑问句 一般疑问句（用whether/if引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，问号改为句号；主句的谓语动词为said，则改为asked;主句谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。其次，人称、时态和状语的变化与陈述句直接引语变为间接引语的方法相同。）(1) “ Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.作者问：“你认为日记能成为你的朋友吗？” The writer asks us _ _ _ _ _ _become

16、our friend. 作者问我们是否为日记能成为我们的朋友 (2) She said，“ Did you see him last night?” 她问：“你昨天晚上看到他了吗？”She asked me _ _ _ _ him the night before.她问我前一天是否看到他了。 (3) She said, “Is your father at home?”She asked me _ _ _ _at home.1. “Is your mother a doctor?”Lucy asked me.Lucy asked me a doctor. 2. He said.,”Did yo

17、u see the girl?” He asked _ the girl or not. 特殊疑问句(首先要用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，从句改为陈述语序，疑问式的动词改为陈述式,问号改为句号；其次，人称、时态和状语部分的变化与陈述句的直接引语变为间接引语的方法相同。(1) “ What do you want?” he asked me.“你想要什么？”他问我。 He asked me _ _ _.他问我想要什么。(2) “ When did you go to bed last night?” father said to Anne.爸爸问安妮：“你昨晚什么时间睡的觉？” Father ask

18、ed Anne to bed . 直接引语和间接引语练习I.单句改错：1. She asked whether I have already got well. 2.He said he bought a beautiful car the day ago.3. The shop assistant asked me which one I will take. 4. He asked me what the mater was with me.5. He said to me dont do that again.6.Canyoumakesurewhenhewillcomeheretoday

19、.7. He told us that he would give us an examination next day. 8. I said to her:”I am going to have my hair cut that day.”9.IdliketoknowwhenhebegintolearnChinese.10.The teacher said the earth went around the sun.11. Tom told us that he had been born in 1990.12.Mother asked me where I went the next da

20、y.13.The teacher told us not talk any more.14.He said that he finished his work.15.He asked me who I am.II.将下列句子变为间接引语：1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me the train .2. What time did he get up today? I dont know. I dont know what time up today. 3.“Youshouldbemorecarefulnext

21、time,”hisfathersaidtohim.4.Mr. Wangsaid, “IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth,children”5.“Ihaventheardfrommyparentsthesedays,”saidMary.6.Thegeographyteachersaidtous,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.”7.Shesaidtohim,“Itstimethatyoulefthere.”8.ZhangHongsaidtome,“DoctorWangpass

22、edawayin1948.”9. Johnsaidtohisparents,“Ihadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.”10. Thehistoryteachersaidtothem,“TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”11.Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?” 12.“HaveyouanythinginterestingIcanread,George?”shesaid.13.“Shesheretoaskforhelp,isntshe?”heasked.14.“Whe

23、reareyougoing?”thefatheraskedhisson. 15.“Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?” themotheraskedthenaughtyboy.16.Shesaid,“Didyoumeetthismanatthestationtwohoursago,Mr.Li?”17.“Writeyournamesonyourpapersfirst,”theteachersaidtous.18. “Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow,”herfriendsaidtoher.19. “Letmepacktheparcelforyou,

24、”hesaid.20.“Dontmakesomuchnoiseinclass,boysandgirls,”saidtheteacher.单句语法填空：1. I really didnt know that your father _(be) a teacher.2. Have you seen Tom recently? I wonder if he _(get )along well with his studies.3. The teacher asked what we _(think) of the film that we had seen last week.4. He told

25、me no one could be sure what man _(will)look like in a million year.5. Mike said he _(come) back to China the next day.6. Tom Hanks told his friend that he _(be) born in 2000.7. Mr. Green asked Lily whether she _(write) to her father the day before.8. He said his bike _(be) stolen and he would have

26、to telephone the police.9. The monitor told us that there_(go)to be a meeting at two oclock.答案I.1.had 2.ago-before 3.will-would 4.what was the matter 5.told;not 6.when-that 7.the next day 8.that day-today 9.began 10. Went-goes 11.had been-was 12.went-would go 13.to talk 14.had finished 15. Am-wasII.

27、1.Hisfathertoldhimthatheshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.2.Mr.WangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.3.Marysaidthatshehadntheardfromherparentsthosedays.4.Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.5.Shetoldhimthatitwastimethatheleftt

28、here.6.ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948.7.Johntoldhisparentsthathehadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.8.ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1929.HeaskedwhetherIwasastudent.10.SheaskedGeorgeifhehadanythinginterestingshecouldread.11.Heaskedwhet

29、hershewastheretoaskforhelpornot.12.Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.13.Themotheraskedthenaughtyboyifhewassorryforwhathehaddone.14.SheaskedMr.Liwhetherhehadmetthatmanatthestationtwohoursbefore.15.Theteachertoldustowriteournamesonourpapersfirst.16.Herfriendaskedhertogothereagainthenext/followingday.17.Heofferedtopacktheparcelforme.18.Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlsnottomakesomuchnoiseinclass.填空1.was 2.is getting 3.thought 4.would 5.would come 6.was 7.had written 8.had been 9.was going【精品文档】第 10 页