2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案.docx

《2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案.docx（31页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案下面是我搜集整理的2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案，欢迎阅读，希望对大家有所帮助。SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesoundingyes!1helpingyoufeelcloseand2t

2、opeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6th

3、eparticipantssusceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandr

4、eceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthatsusually14withstress,notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-rela

5、tedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalledthebondinghormone18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behavioran

6、dphysiology.1.AUnlikeBBesidesCDespiteDThroughout【答案】BBesides2.AconnectedBrestrictedCequalDinferior【答案】Aconnected3.AchoiceBviewClessonDhost【答案】Dhost4.ArecallBforgetCavoidDkeep【答案】Cavoid5.AcollectingBinvolvingCguidingDaffecting【答案】Binvolving6.AofBinCatDon【答案】Don7.AdevotedBexposedClostDattracted【答案】Bex

7、posed8.AacrossBalongCdownDout【答案】Cdown9.AcalculatedBdeniedCdoubtedDimagined【答案】Acalculated10.AservedBrequiredCrestoredDexplained【答案】Dexplained11.AEvenBStillCRatherDThus【答案】AEven12.AdefeatsBsymptomsCtestsDerrors【答案】Bsymptoms13.AminimizedBhighlightedCcontrolledDincreased【答案】Dincreased14.AequippedBasso

8、ciatedCpresentedDcompared【答案】Bassociated15.AassessBmoderateCgenerateDrecord【答案】Cgenerate16.AinthefaceofBintheformofCinthewayofDinthenameof【答案】Ainthefaceof17.AtransferBcommitCattributeDreturn【答案】Cattribute18.AbecauseBunlessCthoughDuntil【答案】Abecause19.AemergesBvanishesCremainsDdecreases【答案】Cremains20.

9、AexperiencesBcombinesCjustifiesDinfluences【答案】DinfluencesSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehoursthisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingp

10、eopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderof

11、why.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericanseconomicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswer

12、eabletosneakweapons-bothfakeandrealpastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicagosOHareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecomebutthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernm

13、entdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.Therei

14、sonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasno

15、tgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreChecksfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreChec

16、kenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.21.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedtoAstresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.Bhighlightthenecess

17、ityofupgradingmajorUSairports.CexplainAmericanstoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.Demphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.【答案】CexplainAmericanstoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.22.whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport?ANewrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.BThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

18、CAnincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.DFrequentunexpectedsecretchecks.【答案】CAnincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.23.Thewordexpedited(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningtoAfaster.Bquieter.Cwider.Dcheaper.【答案】Afaster.24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramisAAdramaticreductionofitsscale.BItswrongly-directedimplementat

19、ion.CThegovernmentsreluctancetobackit.DAnunreasonablepriceforenrollment.【答案】DAnunreasonablepriceforenrollment.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?ALessScreeningforMoreSafetyBPreCheck-aBelatedSolutionCGettingStuckinSecurityLinesDUnderusedPreCheckLanes【答案】BPreCheck-aBelatedSolutionText

20、2TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaiislastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevo

21、lutionizehumanitysviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMTsplannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworldsmostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKeaspeakrisesabovethebulkofourplanetsdense

22、atmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecur

23、rentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKeasfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislandsinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoin

24、garenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaiisshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthe

25、reignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.The

26、TMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescopesvisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheircul

27、turalheritageandtostudythestars.26.QueenLiliuokalanisremarkinParagraph1indicatesAitsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.BtheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.Ctheregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.Dherappreciationofstarwatchersfeatsinhertime.【答案】Btheimportanceofastron

28、omyinancientHawaiiansociety.27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsiteduetoAitsgeographicalfeaturesBitsprotectivesurroundings.Citsreligiousimplications.Ditsexistinginfrastructure.【答案】Aitsgeographicalfeatures28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecauseAitmayriskruiningtheirintellect

29、uallife.Bitremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.Ctheirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.DtheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.【答案】Bitremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintodaysastronomyAisfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.BhelpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.C

30、mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.DwilleventuallysoftenHawaiianshostility.【答案】CmayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.30.TheauthorsattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneofAseverecriticism.Bpassiveacceptance.Cslighthesitancy.Dfullapproval.【答案】Dfullapproval.Text3RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatac

31、ountrysGDPmeasureseverythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itm

32、easuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUKsGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountryseconomicprospects?Are

33、centannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriaf

34、romhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthand

35、education,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisntthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountrys

36、success,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomesallthingsthatcontributetoapersonssenseofwell-bei

37、ng.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.31.RobertF.Kennedyiscited

38、becauseheApraisedtheUKforitsGDP.BidentifiedGDPwithhappiness.CmisinterpretedtheroleofGDP.DhadalowopinionofGDP.【答案】DhadalowopinionofGDP32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatAtheUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.BGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.CtheUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconom

39、y.DpolicymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.【答案】BGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?AItissponsoredby163countries.BItexcludesGDPasanindicator.CItscriteriaarequestionable.DItsresultsareenlightening.【答案】DItsresultsareenlightening.34

40、.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhatAtheUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.BhighGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.CitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.Ditrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.【答案】CitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?AHighGDPB

41、utInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonBGDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthCRebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDPDBrexit,theUKsGatewaytoWell-being【答案】AHighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonText4Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcD

42、onnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.ThehighcourtsdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnellstrialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathisofficialacts,ortheformergovernorsdecisionson

43、specificandunsettledissuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsisdistastefulandnasty.Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemad

44、eofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotanofficialact.Thecourtsrulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecut

45、ionforbribery.Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernmen

46、t.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelect

47、edleaderssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsocietythatallareequalintreatmentbygovernmentisundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourtsrulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.36.Theunderminedsentence(Pa