拿破仑的英文简介.docx

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1、拿破仑的英文简介拿破仑，十九世纪法国伟大的军事家、政治家，法兰西第一帝国的缔造者。历任法兰西第一共和国第一执政，法兰西第一帝国皇帝。下面是学习啦我给大家整理的拿破仑的英文简介，供大家参阅!拿破仑简介NapolonBonaparte/Italian:NapoleoneBuonaparte,August15,1769-May5,1821),NapolonI,borninCorsica,nineteenthcenturyFrancesgreatmilitarystrategist,politician,founderofthefirstempireofFrance.Servedasthefirstr

2、ulingofthefirstrepublicofFrance(1799-1984),thefirstemperorofFrance(1804-1815).NapoleononNovember6,1804crownedemperor,theRepublicintotheempire.DuringthereignoftheFrenchemperor,isalsothehistoryofCharlesIIIafterthesecondtoenjoythenameoftheFrenchemperor.HehasenactedtheNapoleonicCode,whichhasperfectedthe

3、worldlegalsystemandlaidthesocialorderoftheWesterncapitalistcountries.ForeignforcesledbytheUnitedStates,theUnitedStates,Russiaandothercountriesoftheanti-Frenchalliance,towinmorethan50fieldoflarge-scalecampaign,aheavyblowtotheEuropeancountriesfeudalsystem,todefendtheresultsoftheFrenchRevolution.During

4、hisreigninFrance,heextendedtotheNapoleonicWars,becametheProtectoroftheKingofItaly,theProtectoroftheRhineConfederation,theSwissFederalArbitrator,theFrenchEmpireColonial(includingtheFrenchcolonies,theDutchcolonies,theSpanishcolonies,etc.).Inthemostgloriousperiod,Europe,excepttheUnitedKingdom,therestof

5、thecountrytoNapoleonsurrenderoralliance.FormedahugeNapoleonicempiresystem,creatingaseriesofmilitaryandpoliticalmiraclesandshortgloriousachievements.Napoleonabdicatedin1814andthenexiledtoElbaIsland.Aftertheestablishmentofthe100thdynastyin1815againafterthedefeatofWaterloowasexiled.May5,1821,Napoleondi

6、edinSt.HelenaIsland.In1840,hiscoffinwasgreetedinParis,France,agrandburiedintheFrenchbanksoftheSeineRiverinParis(theoldhospitalinParisdisabled).拿破仑为政举措politicalLaunchedacoup,seizedpower,achievedacentralizedmonarchy,developedcapitalism,protectedthebourgeoisie.Napoleonwasawell-deservedbourgeoisrevoluti

7、onist.Herepeatedlyrepulsedanti-Frenchcoalitioninvasionandrepressionofreactionaryrebellionsathomeandabroad,protectedtheresultsoftheFrenchRevolution,overthrewtheoldautocraticregime.NapoleondefendedtheresultsoftheFrenchRevolutionduringtheGreatRevolutionandprotectedthevestedinterestsofthebourgeoisrevolu

8、tionintheFrenchrepublic.Makingthe1815Frenchmonarchdespoticfinallyrestoredwhenthepeoplewereopposed.Napoleonsrulingmeasuresnotonlyhadafar-reachingimpactinFrance,butalsoaffectedhisconquest.Napoleonthroughthecampaign,theFrenchbourgeoisrevolutionvictoryfruitspreadtovaryingdegreestotheFrenchwhereverhewent

9、.ThesocialimpactoftheFrenchbourgeoisrevolutionhasbecomeanoverwhelmingforceinthedevelopingcountriesofWesterncapitalism.Napoleonmadeanimportantcontributioninlayingthebourgeoispoliticalsystemandpromotingthedevelopmentofcapitalism.NapoleonsdominanceisaconcentratedexpressionoftheFrenchbourgeoisnature,and

10、hisdomesticandforeignpoliciesrepresenttheinterestsofthebourgeoisieandprotectthecapitalisteconomicbase.NapoleonalsohasahugeindirectimpactonthehistoryofLatinAmerica.HisinvasionofSpainweakenedthestrengthofthelocalgovernment,sothatitwillnotcontrolitscoloniesinLatinAmericainthenextfewyears.Basedonthecurr

11、entactualperiodofautonomy,theindependentmovementofLatinAmericabegan.Inaddition,NapoleonwasthefirsttoputforwardtheideaoftheUnitedStatesofEuropa,andtriedtoachievethroughtheforceofpeople.Althoughhedidnotsucceedinachievingthisdream,butthetwenty-firstcentury,Europeismovingtowardsthegoalofintegration.Econ

12、omy1.EconomicliberalismandstateinterventionTheliberalizationofagricultureandtrade(inthelateimperialinterventioninthestate),thegovernmentcantakeaseriesofmeasuresasneeded.Setupaseriesofeconomicassociationstoguidethesupervisionofeconomicactivities.1801setuptheNationalEconomicAssociation,1803setupmanufa

13、cturingassociations,setupin1810factoryworkshopmanagementcommittee,setupin1811MinistryofIndustryandCommerce.Restorationofindustrialexhibitionstoencouragethedevelopmentofanimalhusbandry,breedinghorses,cattleandotherlivestock,toencouragethecultivationofpotatoes,beets,cotton.Theeconomybecomesapoliticals

14、ubsidiary,andalleconomicactivitiesaresubjecttopoliticalneeds.2.EstablishabanktorectifythefinancialsystemIn1998,fiscalreformwascarriedouttoraisetaxessuchaslandtaxandrealestatetax.In1800foundedtheFrenchbank,unifiedcurrency,toencouragethedevelopmentofcapitalistindustryandcommerce.Thisseriesofinitiative

15、sisconducivetothestabilityofthemilitaryandthedevelopmentofcapitalism.3.TariffProtectionandMainlandEconomicBlockadePolicyNapoleonscontinentaleconomicblockadepolicywasdetrimentaltothesubsequentdevelopmentoftheEuropeancontinent,butwhencapitalismwastakingrootinWesterncountries,thecontinentaleconomicbloc

16、kadeprotectedtheearlydevelopmentofcapitalism.NapoleonistherepresentativeoftheFrenchbigbourgeoisie,heusedthemainlandeconomicblockadepolicytoprotecttheFrenchbourgeoisiedominance.4.IndustrialRiseandRewardPolicyAtthebeginningofthe19thcentury,Franceopenedthepreludetotheindustrialrevolution.Napoleonhasalw

17、aysbeentheattitudeoftheindustrialrevolution.AtthattimetheFrenchcottontextileindustrywastheriseofthepurchaseofalargenumberofBritishJennymachine,productionincreasedbyfourtimes.LawIn1804promulgatedtheNapoleonicCode(theCivilCode),issuedin1807,CommercialCode,issuedin1810,CriminalCode,thesestatutesbecamet

18、hemoderncapitalistlegalsystemoflegalnorms.NapoleonCodewasoriginallyknownastheCivilCodeoftheRepublicofFrance,isatypicalbourgeoiscivilcode,dividedintothree,35chapters,2281,theCodewasintroducedin1804,mostofthetermsNapoleonpersonallyinvolvedinthediscussion,Napoleonhadattendedmorethan90timesatthe100meeti

19、ngsoftheCivilCode,andtheNapoleonicCodewasnolongersimplyalegalwork,butadistinctiveeraandpoliticalcolor,BecauseofNapoleonmadeoutstandingcontributions,FrenchCivilCodeisalsoknownasNapoleonCode.NapoleonCodeincludescriminallaw,criminalprocedurelaw,civillaw,civilprocedurelaw,constitution,commerciallaw,thee

20、stablishmentofarelativelycompletelegalsystem,constitutetheNapoleoniceraandevenforalongtimeintheFrenchsixlawsystem.TheenactmentofthesestatuteshasgreatlycontributedtothelegalnormsofFrenchlegalsocietyatthattimeandforalongtimetocome.NapoleonCodealsoincludespropertyrights,claims,marriage,inheritance,andm

21、anypeoplestillusetheconceptofcivillaw,isthefirsttothebasicprinciples,theessenceofintegritytomoderncivilsociety.NapoleonCode,inthelawtoprotectthenewlyestablishedsmalllandtenure.Whichensuredthesacredinviolabilityoftheownershipofprivateproperty,establishedthecommoditytradeandtheorderofvalueunderthemark

22、eteconomy,andfurtherdisseminatedthefruitsoftheFrenchbourgeoisrevolutionandmaintainedthebasichumanrightsoftheFrenchordinarypeople.Itisbecauseofthis,manypeoplethinkthatNapoleonCodeisanimportantsymbolandproductoftheendoftheFrenchrevolution,thebasichumanrightsintheDeclarationofHumanRightsonpropertyright

23、sandreputation.TheNapoleonicCodewaspracticedintheterritoryoccupiedbytheNapoleonicArmy,soitwaswidelycirculatedinhistory,andallthelawsoftheEuropeancapitalistcountriesalmostallborrowedthecode,whichregulatedthesocialorderoftheWesterncapitalistcountries,Theinterestsofthebourgeoisie,embodiestheprincipleso

24、ftheFrenchRevolution,theessence,WhenNapoleonwasdefeatedandexiledtoSt.Helena,hesaid,Iamtrulyglorious,notthefortyvictories(morethanfiftytimes),andtheWaterloowarhaswipedoutallaboutitAllthememory,butonethingisnotforgottenbypeople,itwillbeimmortal-thatismyFrenchCivilCode.ScienceandeducationDuringtheFirst

25、EmpireofFrance,theretentionofthenationaleducationsystemwasestablished,theestablishmentofpublicschoolsandtheUniversityofFrancetocultivatetalentstoencouragetheriseofscientificresearchandtechnologyeducation.InDecember1797,fromtheItaliantriumphofNapoleonwasawardedthetitleoftheAcademyofFranceacademician.

26、NapoleonexpeditiontoEgyptalsosetuptheEgyptianAcademyofSciences,theappointmentofdeanasdean,sincethevicepresident,andoftentheAcademyofSciencesgatheredtodiscusstheissue.TheexpeditionopenedthescientificresearchofancientEgyptiancivilization,manypreciousculturalrelics,mineralsandfloraandfaunawereshippedto

27、France,thefamousRosettastoneisfoundintheexpedition.Napoleonisextremelyconcernedaboutthecauseofscienceandculture.Aftertakingoffice,heregularlyattendedthemeetingoftheInstitute,invitedtheacademicianstoreportonscientificprogress,manyawardsawardedtoscientists,includingVolt,Davidandotherforeignscientists.

28、Intheearlydaysofhisadministration,hedividedthetwosidesintothefoundationandapplicationofthePolytechnic,Artillery,RoadandBridgeandothercollegesanduniversities(theuniversity).ParisPolytechnicwasoriginallybornintheRepublicansystem,Napoleoncoronationoftheemperor,intheseconddayoftheparade,willbeembroidere

29、dwithforthemotherland,scienceandhonor,afewwordsofthebanners,personallyawardedtoparticipateinthereviewofthePolytechnicOfthestudents,thuswinningtheirloyalty.Napoleoneachtimesetoff,havegraduatesofPolytechnictofollow.InthefirstempireofFrance,Polytechnicgraduates,andlaterbecametheFrenchAcademyofScienceso

30、nthe16people.NapoleonsconcernforthecauseofscienceandculturehascontributedtotheprosperityoftheFrenchscience.ItcanbesaidthattheNapoleonicerawasoneofthemostabundantscientificachievementsinFrenchhistory.Laplacas,Lagrangian,Mongolian,SadiCarnot,Fourier,GayLusack,Lamarck,Juweileavesalargenumberofdazzlings

31、cientificstars.Napoleonreorganizedtheinstitute,makingittheofficialrepresentativeoftheFrenchcultureandservingthenationalinterest.Inthelightoftheblueprintdrawnbyenlightenmentthinkers,theInstitutesincetheFrenchRevolutionwasunderthenationaleducationsystem,whileNapoleonlaidthenationaleducationsystemthatc

32、ontinuedthecentralizedmanagementsofar.Amongthem,theuniversityistomonitortheentireeducationsystemandtheestablishmentofthecentralauthoritieshaveabsolutecontrol.Theheadofstatedirectlyappointeddirector,directoroftheuniversitydistrict,bytheschooldistrictgovernormanagement,supervisionofthecitysuniversitie

33、sandprimaryandsecondaryschools.Teachersbecomepartofthenationalbureaucracy,thusrealizingthestatesmonopolyoneducation.In1808,Napoleonorderedtherestorationofhighernormalschoolstobecomeamodelschooldedicatedtothedevelopmentofnationalsecondaryschoolteachers.Theeducationofvocationalandspecializedschoolstra

34、inedwell-trainedstaffforthearmyandgovernment.Centralizedscienceandeducationsystemtoacertainextent,topromotescientificprosperity,butscientificresultscanonlybefullyappliedtothewholesocietyinordertotrulyrealizethecountrysstrong.拿破仑人物评价Hugo:failedtoturnthelosersbecomemorenoble,downtheBonaparteseemstobee

35、venhigherthantheNapoleonevenhigher.NapoleonisthewarofMichelangelo.Heisthemasterofthereconstructionoftheruinsofthemaster,isCharlietheGreat,LouisXI,HenryIV,Richelieu,LouisXIV,thesuccessorofthePublicSecurityCommittee,hecertainlyhasablemish,thereisnodoubt,evenevil,thatheIsaman;butheisstillsolemnintheneg

36、ligence,inthestainisstillexcellent,intheevilisstillamaleonly.Stern:Nooneinthisworldcanbecomparedwithhim,Napoleonistoprovetotheworld:afterafewcenturies,CaesarandAlexanderfinallysucceeded.Goethe:Inmyopinion,NapoleonsfairytaleislikeJohnRevelation,andeveryonefeelsthatthereissomethinghidden,butwillnotkno

37、wwhatitis.OnthedaywhenNapoleonfailedinLeipzig,GoetonwroteaclassicpoemforNapoleonforhundredsofyears:Heroesareloftyintheirhearts,andtheysetsailtowardthethrone.Hegel:thebalanceoftheworldisbecausethereistheexistenceofGod,thereasonwhythebalanceoftheEuropeanscales,becausethereNapoleon,Napoleonisthepresenc

38、eofGod.Marx:Napoleonhaslearnedthetruenatureofthemodernstate;hehasunderstoodthattheunimpededdevelopmentofthebourgeoisregimeandthefreemovementofprivateinterestsarethebasicmanifestationsofthesecountries,hedecidedtorecognizeandprotectthisfoundation.Engels:bringhiscodetothecountryheconquered,andthiscodei

39、smuchbetterthanthepreviouscode,anditrecognizesequalityinprinciple.Churchill:NooneintheworldisgreaterthanNapoleon.RomanRoland:short,pale,seeminglydarkattheendoftheeye,athickblackhair.Oftenwearingafloatingblackrobe,withathickbelttied,likepilgrimslike.Nottrendy,nortocomplywiththenarrowrulesofsociety.Si

40、ttinginachairuncomfortable,butoftencross-leggedonthestool,orperchedinthewindowsill;sometimeslivelyandlaughing,sometimessankinhesitation.Inshort,abigdreamerlivinginadream.Lenin:ThewaroftheFrenchRevolutionwasatfirstthewarofliberation,andindeeditneededsuchawar.Thesewarswereinherentlyrevolutionary,prote

41、ctingthegreatrevolutionarymovementagainsttherebelmonarchy.WhenNapoleonestablishedtheNapoleonicEmpire,enslavedmanyofEuropeslong-established,viablenation,thestate,theFrenchnationalistwarbecametheimperialcapitalistwar,andthisaggressionandexpansionofthewarhasbecomeopposedNapoleonicEmpiresystemofself-def

42、ensefightback.LiddellHart:Threedecadeshavepassed,andagreatwarpreludebegantoopen.NapoleonBonapartesgeniusmadethewarshine.Asinthelastcentury,FranceposedaseriousthreattotherestofEurope,makingthesecountriesunitedagainstit.However,thedevelopmentofthiswarisdifferentfromthepast.AftertherevolutioninFranceth

43、ereweremanysympathizers,buttheywereneithernationalauthoritiesnornationalones.WhenFrancebegantowaralone,itwasforcedtobeisolatedfromothernations,asifitwereaninfectiousdisease.However,Francenotonlydefeatedthekindofjointforcesthatwantedtoputittodeath,butalsoformedaseriousmilitarythreattootherEuropeancou

44、ntriesaftertherevolution,andeventuallybecamethemasterofalargepartofEurope.ZhouEnlai:theheroofthetimes,ifitisalsoitspublic,butnotmytheoryinXiangYu,Napoleonalso.Husbandtwooftheworldsstrangegeekalso.Withtheannexationofeightheartoftheheart,all-powerfulwind;Yongcrownmillionhusband,wisdomextraordinaryvulg

45、ar;invincible,attackalltake;enemyofthesmelloftheshock,womenandchildrenthinkingandchic;underthecentury,still懔懔Thereisanger,notjustIofthemaleKazuya!Iftherelationshipbetweentheadvanceandretreatoftheworld,theriseandfallofmankind,notamomentHaojun,twoorthreescholarscanbethesameday.Althoughtheemperorsrespe

46、ct,thepowerofreligion,thetrendofmoney,easytoeasy.Sothesecondofthosewho,myso-calledheroesofthetimesalsomade.Apersonshoulddevelopthehabitofrelyingontheirown,eveninthemostcriticaltime,butalsotobelievetheircourageandperseverance.GeorgeLefebvre(Frenchbourgeoishistorian):Napoleongaveitawholesetofadministr

47、ativeinstitutionswhenthenewnationaftertheFrenchRevolutionhadnotyetbeenfinalized,whichwasclearlyamasterpieceofthemaster.TheFrenchRevolutionin1789hadforcedthebourgeoisietogainpower,butthenthedemocraticforcesofthefightagainstthem,undertheprotectionoftheemperor,theupstartwasabletokeeptheregime,toprolife

48、rateitswealthandexpanditspower;Thethreatofthepoor,theyarepreparedtoownthestagetorule,andtorestoreliberalism.InEurope,thespreadofFrance,theinfluenceofBritain,thedevelopmentofcapitalism,andtheconsequentgrowthofthebourgeoisie,allleadtothesameconsequences,NapoleonshooktheoldsystemofEuropeancountries,and

49、modernEuropeancountriesTheprinciplesoftheneworderextendedtootherpartsofEurope,greatlyacceleratingtheprocessofthisevolution.Thevigorousdevelopmentoftheculture,thedeclarationofthepeoplessovereignty,thespreadofromanticismandsoallindicatetheawakeningofnationalism,Napoleonsterritorialadjustmentandvariousreformstopromotethisawakening.Napoleonspersonalinfluenceisprecious,butonlytofollowthehistoricaltrendofpromotingtheprocessofEuropeancivilization,hisinfluencecanplayarole.ZhangZhilian(Chinesehis