考研英语词汇知识真经.doc

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1、#+考研词汇真经Unit 1adapt dpt vt.1.使适应 2. 改编adopt dpt vt. 1.收养 2. 采用，采纳1. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. (NETEM 1994, Text 3, Paragraph 1)对于这些孩子来说，要使他们到成年时全部的潜力能得到开发，教育必须适应这些不同。2. Too many schools adopt the “win at all cos

2、ts” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. (NETEM 1995, Text 4, Paragraph 2)太多的学校采用“不惜一切代价获取成功”的道德标准，通过展示成就来评判它们的成功。注：sport vt. 显示，炫耀 n. 运动。announce nauns v. 宣布announcement naunsmnt n.宣布announcer nauns n. 播音员 pronunciation prnnsiein n. 发音 pronounce prnauns v. 1.宣判，宣布 2. 发

3、音pronounced prnaunst a. 显著的, 明确的pronoun prunaun n.代词 prone prun a.易于的， 倾向于的 pronounce的相关近义词：declare dikl vt. 宣布 declaration deklrein n. 宣布，宣言If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more p

4、ronounced. (NETEM 2007, Text 1, Paragraph 1)如果你再调查一下那些为世界杯和各大职业联赛提供球员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一奇怪的现象更为明显。复习提醒：大部分考生看到pronounced会望文生义了，会误以为是pronounce的过去时， 或被动语态。虽然大纲单词没有收入本词的过去时形式，但常见词汇的变形务必重视。account kaunt n. 1. 账目 2. 叙述vi.(for) 1. 解释, 说明 2. 占accountant kauntntn.会计(员), 会计师accounting kauntin.会计学 count kauntvt.数

5、，计算 countless kauntlis a.无数的， 数不尽的counter kaunt n. 1. 柜台 2. 计数器 a.相反的 vt.反对，对抗ad.反方向地counterfeit kauntfitn. 赝品, 伪造品a. 伪造的 counter-culture kauntkltn. 反（传统或主流）文化counter-measure kauntmen.对策, 反措施counterpart kauntp:tn.极相似的人或物, 配对物counteract kauntrkt vt. 抵抗，抵消counterbalance kauntblns vt.使平衡 n.平衡力discount

6、diskaunt n.折扣 encounter inkauntvt. / n. 1. 遭遇, 冲突 2. 偶遇，邂逅counsel kaunsl n. 建议，劝告council kaunsl n. 委员会 consul knsln.领事consult knsltv. 商量，商议encounter的近义词：meet mi:t v. 1. 遇见 2. 会见3. 符合，满足 confront knfrntvt. 面对 1. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of

7、petrol than it did in the 1970s. (NETEM 2002, Text 3, Paragraph 3)与70年代相比，现在多数国家的原油价格占汽油价格的份额要小很多。2. Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. (NETEM 1996, Text 5, Paragraph 3)金切尔是位哲学家，这也许能部分说明他的立论为何明确而有说服力。3. International affiliates

8、account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. (NETEM 2001, Text 4, Paragraph 2)在那些对外开放并欢迎外资的国家中，跨国公司的分支机构在经济生产中所占份额在快速增长。注：that open up and welcome foreign investment是先行词economies的定语。account for的意思是“占比例”。4. For one thing, the South could n

9、ot afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account.” (NETEM 2008, Text 4, Paragraph 4)一方面，南方的各个州无法承担废除奴隶制带来的损失。拥有奴隶“就像拥有一张数额巨大的银行存折。” 5. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled wi

10、th signs. (NETEM 2009, Text 4, Paragraph 4)一个名为John Dane的裁缝于17世纪30年代末期移民到新大陆，他留下一个记录，记录了离开英格兰的理由，其内容充满了各种符号征兆。6. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. (NETEM 1999, Text 3, Paragraph 3)但是，如果坚持认为有多少

11、科学家、商人和会计就会有多少就业机会，这是非常武断的。 7. Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. (NETEM 2010, Text 4, Paragraph 1)台面上，银行家们一直将他们的麻烦归咎于己身，台面下，他们一直把目标对准他人：会计准则制定者。 8. Moral decline will not b

12、e reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. (CET-4, 2002.1 Passage 4, Paragraph 7)她说，直到人们找到克服社会上功利主义的办法时，道德沧丧才能扭转。9. John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsibl

13、e for the decline of formal English. (NETEM 2005, Text 4, Paragraph 1) 语言学家John McWhorter喜好争论，他的观点混杂着自由派与保守派的看法。这位学者认为60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式英语的退化负责。10. More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fog, chief operating

14、officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. (NETEM 2009, Text 2, Paragraph 2)Identigene公司生产这种供药店柜台销售的工具包，该公司首席运营官Doug Fog说，自从去年PTK不需医生处方就能购买以来， 已经有超过6万人购买了该产品。注： OTC是英文Over The Counter的缩写，在医药行业中特指非处方药；这里把它翻译为“供药店柜台销售的”属于直译。它是消费者可不经过医生处方，直接从药房或药店购买的药品，而且是不在医疗专业人员指导下就能安全使用的药品。11. If

15、we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action. (NETEM 1994, Text 4, Paragraph 6)如果我们能弄清癌症的活动规律，我们就可以抵消它的作用。12. Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterba

16、lance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. (NETEM 2004, Text 4, Paragraph 2)Ravitch的最新著作落后：一个世纪的失败学校改革探索了学校里反智主义倾向的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校根本没有抵制美国人对才学追求的厌恶。注：trace作动词表示“沿着，追踪，回溯”。anything but表否定，意思是“决不，远非”，同时要记住的类似表达还有：nothing but表示“仅仅, 只不过”；none other than表示“不是别人，正是”；no more than表示“不过，仅仅”。13.

17、 Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. (NETEM 2005, Text 1, Paragraph 2)最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。注：这里counterparts不翻译更好。“它们”在上下文中指的是brown capuchin monkeys。14. This development and its strong im

18、plications for US politics and economy in years ahead has enthroned the South as Americas most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nations head counting. (NETEM 1998, Text 4, Paragraph 2)这一发展以及它对今后几年美国政治和经济的强大影响使南部在美国人口普查史上第一次成为人口最密集的地区。15. In the past, only the earning

19、s and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. (CET-6, 2004.1, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)过去，只有男人的挣钱能力和未来的经济实力在婚姻的决定中起作用。16. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been tr

20、ansformed by economic risk and new realities. (NETEM 2007, Text 3, Paragraph 1)在过去的十几年里，美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平竞争就能维持收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了。注： count on的意思是：依靠, 期望, 指望。见本书后面的“大纲全部词组”。17. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. (NET

21、EM 1997, Text 2, Paragraph 5)要想正确区分礼貌是出礼貌的习俗还是个人兴趣，单凭一次公共汽车上的偶遇是不够的。18. After a bruising encounter with Congress, Americas Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. 美国财务会计准则委员会(FASB）在与国会一场激烈交锋之后，匆匆通过了准则的修改。19. Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. (NETEM

22、 2004, Text 1, Paragraph 3)所有这一切都没有隐含的求职建议。 20. The townsfolk dont see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. (NETEM 2006, Text 2, Paragraph 4)镇上人可不这么认为，当地议会也不会直接补贴皇家剧团。21. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have

23、 a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. (NETEM 1995, Text 2, Paragraph 3)要想成长，要想探索新的道路，人们就得乐于冒险，乐于面对未知世界，并敢于接受初次尝试便“失败”的可能性。注：失败在文中打上了双引号，其实也是否定的意思，因为古人说：失败是成功他妈。考研也一样，第一年成功率50%，第二年80%噢。另外，请把这句话背诵50遍，达到能在写作中活用的程度。因为本句中的几个不定式

24、构成的排比很好，适合大作文中的结尾段。J 复习箴言：很多同学都懂得真题例句很好，但真正把真题例句总结出来给大家看时，大家却退缩了。大家觉得麻烦，看简单例句多好啊！但是各位亲，请别忘记我们最终还是要看真题的，能看懂简单例句，不一定能看懂真题句子。真题例句的好处是：1. 可以让考生直接寻找到大纲单词在历年真题中的各种“鲜活”考法！2. 可以让考生清楚地认识到“通过语法地位和前后文逻辑来确定一个单词的真正词义”是最重要的阅读技能！但真题例句的缺点也很显然： 良药苦口！请阁下务必继承考研人“坚毅不屈”的优良传统，早日通过“真题例句”去真正掌握这些屡背屡忘的大纲词汇！calm k:mv.使镇定a. 镇静

25、的climb klaim v.攀登，爬 claim kleim v. 1. 宣称 2. 要求，索赔 3.（僻义）使失踪或死亡acclaim kleim v./n.喝彩exclaim ikskleimv.呼喊，惊叫 exclamation eksklmeinn.感叹，惊叹reclaim rikleimvt. 1.收回 2. 开垦proclaim prkleim vt. 宣布，声明porcelain p:slinn.瓷器 1. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 2

26、5,000 victims. (CET-4, 1997.6, Passage 3, Paragraph 2)在88年 美国发生的强度相当的一次地震却夺走了25000个人的生命。2. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. （NETEM 2010, Text 2, Paragraph 4）Bilski案例牵扯到一份已申请的方法专利，即关于能源市场的风险规避方法。3. It is announced that a wallet has been foun

27、d and can be _ at the managers office.A declaredB obtainedC reclaimedD recognized(NETEM 2000, Structure and Vocabulary, 第27题 正确答案：C) 通知说，有人捡到一个钱包，失主可到经理办公室认领。4. Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellec

28、t and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.” (NETEM 2004, Text 4, Paragraph 7) Hofstadter说，掌握我们国家教育体系的人“沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称敌视才学，迫不及待地认同那些看来在才智方面最难造就的孩子。”pause p:zn. / vi.暂停 applause pl:z n.拍手喝彩applaud pl:dv.拍手喝彩plausible pl:zbla.似乎合情理的，似是而非的The supposed impor

29、tance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. (NETEM 2010, Text 3, Paragraph 2) 人们之所以认为影响者很重要，是因为受到了“两级传播”理论的影响，即信息先从媒体流向影响者，然后再从影响者

30、流向其他人。这一理论看似合理，但未经验证。emigrant emigrntn.移居外国者, 移民 immigrant imigrntn.(从外国)移来的移民, 侨民migrant maigrntn.候鸟, 移居者emigrate emigreitvi.移民外国immigrate imigreitvi.移居入境migrate maigreitv.移动，移居，(鸟类的)迁徙1. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly po

31、isonous. (NETEM 2006, Text 1, Paragraph 2)移民适应了这种普通文化，普通文化并非都是高尚的，但也没什么害处。2. Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since World War II, and the pattern still prevails. (NETEM 1998, Text 4, Paragraph 4)第二次世界大战以来，美国人大量向南部和西部迁移，而且这种趋势如今仍很盛行。assertion s:nn.主张, 断言, 声明assert s:t vt

32、. 1.断言，宣称 2. 坚持，维护insert ins:t, ins:t vt.插入，嵌入exert igz:tvt.发挥，施加dessert diz:t n. 甜食 desert diz:t vt. 抛弃 n. 沙漠 desert的近义词：abandon bndnvt. 放弃, 遗弃 discard disk:d vt. 丢弃, 抛弃insert 的近义词：embed imbed vt. 使插入，使嵌入1. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was

33、very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. (NETEM 2008, 翻译, 第47题) 他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。2. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. (NETEM 2007, Text 1, P

34、aragraph 5)他们的研究得出了令人惊讶的结论 我们通常称为天分的作用被高估了。 pretext pri:tekstn. 借口，托辞context kntekstn. 文章前后关系，上下文contest kntest n. 1. 比赛， 2. 争论，驳斥，怀疑 kntestv.1. 比赛， 2. 争论，驳斥，怀疑protest prtest v. 抗议prutest n.抗议testimony testimni n.1. 证据，证词 2. 表明testify testifai v.证实testify 的相关近义词及衍生：verify verifai vi.证实，核实certify s:t

35、ifai v. 1. 证明 2. 发证书certificate stifikt n.证书，证明书联想记忆：contest：共同（con-）考试（test）就是比赛，竞赛！protest：对于任何考试（test）我们都挺身向前（pro-）抗议！ 1. So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. (NETEM 2009, Text 1 , Paragraph 2)因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 2. In 1995 the CI

36、A held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. (NETEM 2003, Text 1, Paragraph 2)1995年中央情报局举办了一个竞赛，看谁能够收集到关于“Burundi”的最多信息。注：Burundi即“布隆迪”，位于非洲中东部赤道南侧。但大纲没有这个单词，不属于常见国家名，所以这里没有翻译，同学们不用掌握。 3. In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provi

37、sions of Arizonas controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.(NETEM 2013, Text 4, Paragraph 2)在这起亚利桑那州与美国政府诉讼案中，亚利桑那州计划让州和地方警察执行联邦移民法规，这一计划引起了争议， 在该计划中，有四项条款受到质疑，其中有三项被最高法院多数票裁决为无效。注：majority在上下文第一段中指的是最高法院的投票，投票结果是5:3，那么5张票就算是大多数人的票，3张票就算是少部分人的票了。stare ste vi.

38、盯，凝视glare gle v. / n. 1. 闪光 2. 怒视 flare fle v. / n. 闪耀 flair fle n.天赋，天资flame fleim n. 1.火焰 2.热情flame的相关近义词及衍生：burn b:n v.燃烧 ignite ignaitv.点燃sparkle sp:klvi. 闪耀，发火花spark sp:k n. 火花 vi. 发火花 vt. 引发 If you have a flair for saving，managing and investing money， you have money management skills. (2006年新大

39、纲标题题C选项)如果你有节约、投资、管理钱财的天分，那么你拥有理财的能力。ascertain stein vt.查明，弄清，确定certainty s:tnti n. 1.必然，肯定 2.必然的事uncertain ns:tn a. 不肯定的，靠不住的uncertainty ns:tnti n.不肯定，易变性certainly s:tnli ad. 1.一定，必定 2.当然行 certains:tn a. 1.某一，某些 2.确信的，可靠的3. 肯定的，必然的As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices

40、 installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. (CET-6, 2001.1, Passage 3, Paragraph 2)当驾驶者驶到公路入口时，安装在路边的仪器会用电子方式检测车辆，以确定它的目的地，以及确定它的自动装备运作是否正常。rough rf a. 1. 粗糙的 2. 粗野的

41、 3. 大致的roughly rfli ad.1. 粗鲁地 2. 粗略地，大约thorough r a. 1. 彻底的 2.十足的 tough tf a. 1. 坚硬的 2. 坚强的 3.棘手的through ru:prep.1. 穿过 2. 从开始到结束 3.以，经由ad.1. 从头到尾 2. 直达地 3. 彻底, 完全a. 直达的, 直通的though u ad.1. 可是，但是 2. 虽然，尽管 conj.虽然, 尽管although :lu conj.虽然，尽管whereas hwrzconj. 1. 然而, 鉴于 2. 虽然thought :t n. 1.想法 2. 思想 vbl.

42、think的过去式和过去分词rough的近义词：approximate prksimit a.近似的, 大约的 v. 近似，约计 approximately prksimtli ad. 近似地，大约1. The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, todays people especi

43、ally those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. (NETEM 2008, Text 3, Paragraph 2)但是，体育界的这种趋势可能蒙蔽了一个没有被承认的现实：美国人基本上停止生长了。虽然现在人们比140年前高了2英寸，但是显然，在二十世纪60年代早期，已经到达了他们的身高的极限 特别是那些出生在已移民美国很多代的那些家庭的人。2. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that st