英语美文欣赏 〔给一位青年诗人的信〕.docx

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1、英语美文欣赏给一位青年诗人的信英语美文欣赏给一位青年诗人的信英语作为学习生涯中必不可少的课程，想学好真的不容易。我在此献上英语美文，希望大家喜欢。英文美文欣赏给一位青年诗人的信(1)LetterstoaYoungPoet(1)Itsabookyoullreadcountlesstimesandeachtimewillseemlikethefirsttime.LettersToAYoungPoetaretenletterswrittentoayoungmanabouttoentertheGermanmilitary.HisnamewasFranzKappus,hewas19yearsold,an

2、dhewroteRilkelookingforguidanceandacritiqueofsomeofhispoems.Rilkewashimselfonly27whenthefirstletterwaswritten.Theresultingfiveyearcorrespondenceisavirtualownersmanualonwhatitis(andwhatisrequired)tobeanartistandaperson.LetterOneParisFebruary17,1903DearSir,Yourletterarrivedjustafewdaysago.Iwanttothank

3、youforthegreatconfidenceyouhaveplacedinme.ThatisallIcando.Icannotdiscussyourverses;foranyattemptatcriticismwouldbeforeigntome.Nothingtouchesaworkofartsolittleaswordsofcriticism:theyalwaysresultinmoreorlessfortunatemisunderstandings.Thingsarentallsotangibleandsayableaspeoplewouldusuallyhaveusbelieve;

4、mostexperiencesareunsayable,theyhappeninaspacethatnowordhaseverentered,andmoreunsayablethanallotherthingsareworksofart,thosemysteriousexistences,whoselifeenduresbesideourownsmall,transitorylife.Withthisnoteasapreface,mayIjusttellyouthatyourverseshavenostyleoftheirown,althoughtheydohavesilentandhidde

5、nbeginningsofsomethingpersonal.Ifeelthismostclearlyinthelastpoem,MySoul.There,somethingofyourownistryingtobecomewordandmelody.AndinthelovelypoemToLeopardiakindofkinshipwiththatgreat,solitaryfiguredoesperhapsappear.Nevertheless,thepoemsarenotyetanythinginthemselves,notyetanythingindependent,eventhela

6、stoneandtheonetoLeopardi.Yourkindletter,whichaccompaniedthemmanagedtomakecleartomevariousfaultsthatIfeltinreadingyourverses,thoughIamnotabletonamethemspecifically.Youaskwhetheryourversesareanygood.Youaskme.Youhaveaskedothersbeforethis.Yousendthemtomagazines.Youcomparethemwithotherpoems,andyouareupse

7、twhencertaineditorsrejectyourwork.Now(sinceyouhavesaidyouwantmyadvice)Ibegyoutostopdoingthatsortofthing.Youarelookingoutside,andthatiswhatyoushouldmostavoidrightnow.Noonecanadviseorhelpyou-noone.Thereisonlyonethingyoushoulddo.Gointoyourself.Findoutthereasonthatcommandsyoutowrite;seewhetherithassprea

8、ditsrootsintotheverydepthsofyourheart;confesstoyourselfwhetheryouwouldhavetodieifyouwereforbiddentowrite.Thismostofall:askyourselfinthemostsilenthourofyournight:mustIwrite?Digintoyourselfforadeepanswer.Andifthisanswerringsoutinassent,ifyoumeetthissolemnquestionwithastrong,simpleImust,thenbuildyourli

9、feinaccordancewiththisnecessity;yourwholelife,evenintoitshumblestandmostindifferenthour,mustbecomeasignandwitnesstothisimpulse.ThencomeclosetoNature.Then,asifnoonehadevertriedbefore,trytosaywhatyouseeandfeelandloveandlose.Dontwritelovepoems;avoidthoseformsthataretoofacileandordinary:theyarethehardes

10、ttoworkwith,andittakesagreat,fullyripenedpowertocreatesomethingindividualwheregood,evenglorious,traditionsexistinabundance.Sorescueyourselffromthesegeneralthemesandwriteaboutwhatyoureverydaylifeoffersyou;describeyoursorrowsanddesires,thethoughtsthatpassthroughyourmindandyourbeliefinsomekindofbeautyD

11、escribeallthesewithheartfelt,silent,humblesincerityand,whenyouexpressyourself,usetheThingsaroundyou,theimagesfromyourdreams,andtheobjectsthatyouremember.Ifyoureverydaylifeseemspoor,dontblameit;blameyourself;admittoyourselfthatyouarenotenoughofapoettocallforthitsriches;becauseforthecreatorthereisnopo

12、vertyandnopoor,indifferentplace.Andevenifyoufoundyourselfinsomeprison,whosewallsletinnoneoftheworldssound-wouldntyoustillhaveyourchildhood,thatjewelbeyondallprice,thattreasurehouseofmemories?Turnyourattentiontoit.Trytoraiseupthesunkenfeelingsofthisenormouspast;yourpersonalitywillgrowstronger,yoursol

13、itudewillexpandandbecomeaplacewhereyoucanliveinthetwilight,wherethenoiseofotherpeoplepassesby,farinthedistance.Andifoutof,thisturningwithin,outofthisimmersioninyourownworld,poemscome,thenyouwillnotthinkofaskinganyonewhethertheyaregoodornot.Norwillyoutrytointerestmagazinesintheseworks:foryouwillseeth

14、emasyourdearnaturalpossession,apieceofyourlife,avoicefromit.Aworkofartisgoodifithasarisenoutofnecessity.Thatistheonlywayonecanjudgeit.So,dearSir,Icantgiveyouanyadvicebutthis:togointoyourselfandseehowdeeptheplaceisfromwhichyourlifeflows;atitssourceyouwillfindtheanswerto,thequestionofwhetheryoumustcre

15、ate.Acceptthatanswer,justasitisgiventoyou,withouttryingtointerpretit.Perhapsyouwilldiscoverthatyouarecalledtobeanartist.Thentakethatdestinyuponyourself,andbearit,itsburdenanditsgreatness,withouteveraskingwhatrewardmightcomefromoutside.Forthecreatormustbeaworldforhimselfandmustfindeverythinginhimself

16、andinNature,towhomhiswholelifeisdevoted.Butafterthisdescentintoyourselfandintoyoursolitude,perhapsyouwillhavetorenouncebecomingapoet(if,asIhavesaid,onefeelsonecouldlivewithoutwriting,thenoneshouldntwriteatall).Nevertheless,eventhen,thisselfsearchingthatIaskofyouwillnothavebeenfornothing.Yourlifewill

17、stillfinditsownpathsfromthere,andthattheymaybegood,rich,andwideiswhatIwishforyou,morethanIcansay.WhatelsecanItellyou?Itseemstomethateverythinghasitsproperemphasis;andfinallyIwanttoaddjustonemorebitofadvice:tokeepgrowing,silentlyandearnestly,throughyourwholedevelopment;youcouldntdisturbitanymoreviole

18、ntlythanbylookingoutsideandwaitingforoutsideanswerstoquestionsthatonlyyourinnermostfeeling,inyourquietesthour,canperhapsanswer.ItwasapleasureformetofindinyourletterthenameofProfessorHoracek;Ihavegreatreverenceforthatkind,learnedman,andagratitudethathaslastedthroughtheyears.WillyoupleasetellhimhowIfe

19、el;itisverygoodofhimtostillthinkofme,andIappreciateit.Thepoemthatyouentrustedmewith,Iamsendingbacktoyou.AndIthankyouoncemoreforyourquestionsandsinceretrust,ofwhich,byansweringashonestlyasIcan,IhavetriedtomakemyselfalittleworthierthanI,asastranger,reallyam.Yoursverytruly,RainerMariaRilke亲爱的先生：您的信在几天前

20、就到了这里。我想讲谢谢您对我的极大信任。我所能讲的就是这些了。我不能讨论您的诗;任何评论对我来讲都是陌生的。那些评论根本不了解艺术作品：它们总是导致或多或少的误解。事情并不象人们试图让我们相信的那样总是能够触摸和讲出来的;大多数经历只能意会，不能言传。而且最难以讲得清的就是艺术作品，那些神秘的存在，那些在我们渺小而短暂的生活旁边悄悄地滑过的生命。以此做前言，或许我能够告诉您，您的诗歌没有本身的风格，固然有些沉默和隐晦的开始确实有些意思。在最后一首诗里我的感觉得到了证明：我的灵魂。在您的诗里，您试图用文字和韵律来表达本人。在一首做致里奥帕迪的可爱的诗里，一种和那伟大而寂寞的人物相连的关系确实产生

21、了。但是，诗本身却什么都不是，也不是独立的任何东西，包括最后一首和那首致里奥帕迪。您的信设法让我澄清了本人在读您的诗时产生的各种误解，尽管我无法讲出那是什么。您在问您的诗怎样?您问我。您已经问过别人了。您送它们到杂志社。您把它们和别人的诗相比拟。当某些编辑拒绝了您的作品时您感到沮丧。如今(由于您讲过您想要我的意见)我请求您停止做所有这类事情。您在往外部世界看，而这正是您应该马上停止做的事情。没有人能够给您建议或帮助您-没有人。只要一件事情您能够做，深化本人的内在世界，找找促使您写作的动因，看看它能否深植在您的心灵里;问本人，假如您被禁止写作您能否会死去。就是这些。在静默的时候问您本人：我必须写

22、吗?让您的灵魂给您深入的回答吧。假如答案是肯定的，假如您给这个神圣的问题的答案是，是的，我必须，那么就把您的生活建立在这种必要上吧;您整个的生活，即便最自卑和冷淡的光阴，都必须成为这一本能的记号和见证，然后您就接近了本性。然后，就象前无古人那样，试着去讲您见到的、感觉到的、您爱的和您失去的。不要写爱情诗;避免那些太轻而易举和普通的格式;它们是最难写的，需要一种伟大的足够成熟的气力才能创造出那些个性化的东西，然而在我们之前已经有过多好的甚至是绝妙的作品在那里了。所以，把本人从这些通常的主题中救赎出来，写日常生活赋予您的;描写您的悲哀和希望，那些流过您头脑的思想和您对某种美的信念-描写所有这些心灵

23、能够触摸到的、沉默的、谦虚的、忠实的东西，还有当您在表达本人时，使用身旁的东西，用您梦里的意象和您记得的事物。假如您的日常生活很贫乏，不要抱怨生活，怨您本人吧;成认本人不够做一个诗人来唤醒生活的贫乏;由于对创作者来讲没有贫穷，没有贫穷和冷漠的环境。甚至当您发现本人是在监狱里，墙壁挡住了外部世界的声音-您不是还有本人的童年时代吗?那是无价之宝，那是记忆之门。把您的注意力转向它。试着将沉睡的往日之感觉拉起来，您的个性将不断成长，您的孤单将扩张成为一个您能够在午夜停留的地方，那时，所有的噪噪音都消失、远去了。-假如您掉转身-在您的内在世界，在您本人的世界的洗礼中，诗就出现了。但您将不会想到去问它们是

24、好还是不好，也将不会想到用它们去吸引杂志：由于您只看到它们是您的本性的一部分，您的生活片段和生活之声。假如艺术作品是发自必要，那就是好的。这是我们判定它的唯一方法。所以，亲爱的先生，除此之外我不能给您任何建议：走进本人的心里，看一看您的生活之流流过的地方有多深;在它的源泉处您定将找到能否需要创作这个问题的答案。接受这个答案，当它是白给您的，不要试图打断它。或许，您将发现，您的答案要您做个艺术家。那么接受这个使命，忍耐它，它的负担和伟大，不要问随之而来的外部奖励。由于创作者必须是本人的世界，必须找到本人的全部和本性，对他来讲整个的生命就是奉献。之后您要让本人沉静下来，深化本人的孤单，或许您将不得

25、不再次声明要成为一个诗人(假如，如我所讲的，一个人感觉本人没有写作可以以照样生活，那么不要再写了吧)。而且，即使如此，这种我跟您讲的自己探察也并不是讲再无意义了。您的生活将仍然循着本人的道路往前走，它们或许会是美妙的、丰富的、广阔的，就如我对您的希望一样。我还能对您讲些什么呢?对我来讲似乎每件事情都有本人的侧重点;最后我想要加上一条建议：保持成长、沉默和渴望的状态，经其一生;您不能用通过往外看和等待外部的答案等任何粗暴的形式打断它，只要在您的内心深处，在您沉默的光阴里答案或能出现。在您的信里看到侯拉塞克教授的名字真让我感到高兴;我从这位慈祥的饱学之士身上获益非浅，多年以来我一直保持着对他的尊敬

26、。请您转告他，谢谢他还记得我，我很感谢。您托于我的诗我将寄回给您。再次感谢您提出的问题和您对我的信任，对此，我也尽可能诚实地做了回答，我试着使本人比本来的我，那个陌生人，更有价值一点，真是这样。您诚挚的，瑞那.玛里亚.李尔克于巴黎1903年2月17日经典英语美文给一位青年诗人的信(2)LetterstoaYoungPoet(2)LetterTwoViareggio,nearPisa(Italy)April5,1903Youmustpardonme,dearSir,forwaitinguntiltodaytogratefullyrememberyourletterofFebruary24.Iha

27、vebeenunwellallthistime,notreallysick,butoppressedbyaninfluenza-likedebility,whichhasmademeincapableofdoinganything.Andfinally,sinceitjustdidntwanttoimproveIcametothissouthernsea,whosebeneficencehelpedmeoncebefore.ButIamstillnotwell,writingisdifficult,andsoyoumustacceptthesefewlinesinsteadofthelette

28、rIwouldhavelikedtosend.Ofcourse,youmustknowthateveryletterofyourswillalwaysgivemepleasure,andyoumustbeindulgentwiththeanswer,whichwillperhapsoftenleaveyouempty-handed;forultimately,andpreciselyinthedeepestandmostimportantmatters,weareunspeakablyalone;andmanythingsmusthappen,manythingsmustgoright,awh

29、oleconstellationofeventsmustbefulfilled,foronehumanbeingtosuccessfullyadviseorhelpanother.TodayIwouldliketotellyoujusttwomorethings:Irony:Dontletyourselfbecontrolledbyit,especiallyduringuncreativemoments.Whenyouarefullycreative,trytouseit,asonemorewaytotakeholdoffife.Usedpurely,ittooispure,andonenee

30、dntbeashamedofit;butifyoufeelyourselfbecomingtoofamiliarwithit,ifyouareafraidofthisgrowingfamiliarity,thenturntogreatandseriousobjects,infrontofwhichitbecomessmallandhelpless.SearchintothedepthsofThings:there,ironyneverdescendsandwhenyouarriveattheedgeofgreatness,findoutwhetherthiswayofperceivingthe

31、worldarisesfromanecessityofyourbeing.ForundertheinfluenceofseriousThingsitwilleitherfallawayfromyou(ifitissomethingaccidental),orelse(ifitisreallyinnateandbelongstoyou)itwillgrowstrong,andbecomeaserioustoolandtakeitsplaceamongtheinstrumentswhichyoucanformyourartwith.AndthesecondthingIwanttotellyouto

32、dayisthis:Ofallmybooks,Ifindonlyafewindispensable,andtwoofthemarealwayswithme,whereverIam.Theyarehere,bymyside:theBible,andthebooksofthegreatDanishpoetJensPeterJacobsen.Doyouknowhisworks?Itiseasytofindthem,sincesomehavebeenpublishedinRecalmsUniversalLibrary,inaverygoodtranslation.Getthelittlevolumeo

33、fSixStoriesbyJ.P.JacobsenandhisnovelNielsLyhne,andbeginwiththefirststoryintheformer,whichiscaredMogens.Awholeworldwillenvelopyou,thehappiness,theabundance,.theinconceivablevastnessofaworld.Liveforawhileinthesebooks,learnfromthemwhatyoufeelisworthlearning,butmostofUlovethem.Thislovewillbereturnedtoyo

34、uthousandsuponthousandsoftimes,whateveryourlifemaybecome-itwill,Iamsure,gothroughthewholefabricofyourbeing,asoneofthemostimportantthreadsamongallthethreadsofyourexperiences,disappointments,andjoys.IfIweretosaywhohasgivenmethegreatestexperienceoftheessenceofcreativity,itsdepthsandeternity,therearejus

35、ttwonameswouldmention:Jacobsen,thatgreat,greatpoet,andAugusteRodin,thesculptor,whoiswithoutpeeramongallartistswhoarealivetoday.Andallsuccessuponyourpath!Yours,RainerMariaRilke第二封您必须原谅我，亲爱的先生，原谅我到了今天才想起回复您2月24日的来信：我的身体在这段时间里一直不好，并不是真的病了，而是被一种象流行感冒一样的虚弱压迫着，使我无法做任何事情。最后，由于不见好转，我就到了南部的这个海边，我的身体曾在这儿得以康复，

36、但这次仍不见好，写作变得困难，所以您本应见到的长信就成了如今的几行字。当然，您一定知道您的每一封信都给我带来了快乐;对我的答复，请您给以宽容，它们经常令您两手空空;其实根据绝对的讲法，在那些最深入和重大的事情上，不用讲，我们都是单独一个人完成的;一定有很多事情发生，一定有很多事情必须做得对，对那些希望成功地给别人建议或帮助的人来讲，得做完一连串光彩的情。今天我想和您讲两件事：挖苦：不要让本人受控于它，十分是在没有创作力的时候。当您充满了创作力，就试着使用它，作为一种抓取生活的方式。使用时要纯粹。它本是很纯粹的，没有必要为它感到害羞;但是假如您感到本人用得太滥了，假如您担忧它将四处泛滥，就转向伟

37、大而严肃的主题，在它们面前它会变得渺小而无能为力。深化这些东西，挖苦在那儿将不再卑恭屈节-而且当您到了伟大的临界的时候，您将发现这是您必须使用的一种透视世界的方式。在严肃题材的影响下，挖苦或许将远离您(假如是偶尔的话)，或许在另外的情况下(假如它是您内在的反映)，它将变得强壮起来，并且成为一个严肃的工具，成为您的一部分艺术手段。想要和您讲的第二件事是：我发如今我所有的书里只要一小部分是不可缺少的，其中两本永远伴随我，无论我在哪里。如今它们也在我的身边：（圣经）和伟大的丹麦诗人杰克布森的书。您知道他的作品吗?很容易找到，里卡尔姆的大学图书馆里就有，翻译得很好。买一本J.P.杰克布森写的含有六个小

38、讲的书和他的小讲（尼尔斯.林妮）去读吧，从前边提到的第一个故事开场读，那故事的名字叫摩根一家(MOGENS)。一个完好的世界将包裹着您，快乐、充实、难以置信的博大的世界。在这些书中呆一段时间，学习那些您以为是值得学习的。大多数人都热爱它们。这种爱将无数次地在您的生活中回荡-它将，我确信，穿透您的每根纤维，成为那些构成您的经历-失望和快乐-的重要纤维中之最紧要的那根。假如要我讲是谁给了我对创作力的精华、深度和永久的体验，我就只想提两个名字;杰克布森，那个真正伟大的诗人，和奥古斯丁.罗丹，那个当今世上无人能和他匹敌雕刻家。再就是，让我祝愿您满载而归吧!您的，瑞那.玛里亚.李尔克意大利的比萨附近19

39、03年4月5日英语美文欣赏致一位青年诗人的信LetterstoaYoungPoet(3)Viareggio,nearPisa(Italy)April23,1903Yougavememuchpleasure,dearSir,withyourEasterletter;foritbroughtmuchgoodnewsofyou,andthewayyouspokeaboutJacobsensgreatandbelovedartshowedmethatIwasnotwrongtoguideyourfifeanditsmanyquestionstothisabundance.NowNielsLyhnewi

40、llopentoyou,abookofsplendorsanddepths;themoreoftenonereadsit,themoreeverythingseemstobecontainedwithinit,fromlifesmostimperceptiblefragrancestothefull,enormoustasteofitsheaviestfruits.Initthereisnothingthatdoesnotseemtohavebeenunderstood,held,lived,andknowninmemoryswaveringecho;noexperiencehasbeento

41、ounimportant,andthesmallesteventunfoldslikeafate,andfateitselfislikeawonderful,widefabricinwhicheverythreadisguidedbyaninfinitelytenderhandandlaidalongsideanotherthreadandisheldandsupportedbyahundredothers.Youwillexperiencethegreathappinessofreadingthisbookforthefirsttime,andwillmovethroughitsnumber

42、lesssurprisesasifyouwereinanewdream.ButIcantellyouthatevenlaterononemovesthroughthesebooks,againandagain,withthesameastonishmentandthattheylosenoneoftheirwonderfulpowerandrelinquishnoneoftheoverwhelmingenchantmentthattheyhadthefirsttimeonereadthem.Onejustcomestoenjoythemmoreandmore,becomesmoreandmor

43、egrateful,andsomehowbetterandsimplerinonesvision,deeperinonesfaithinlife,happierandgreaterinthewayonelives.Andlateron,youwillhavetoreadthewonderfulbookofthefateandyearningofMarieGrubbe,andJacobsenslettersandjournalsandfragments,andfinallyhisverseswhich(eveniftheyarejustmoderatelywelltranslated)livei

44、ninfinitesound.(ForthisreasonIwouldadviseyoutobuy,whenyoucan,thelovelyCompleteEditionofJacobsensworks,whichcontainsallofthese.Itisinthreevolumes,welltranslated,publishedbyEugenDiederichsinLeipzig,andcosts,Ithink,onlyfiveorsixmarkspervolume.)InyouropinionofRosesshouldhavebeenhere.(thatworkofsuchincom

45、parabledelicacyandform)youareofcoursequite,quiteincontestablyright,asagainstthemanwhowrotetheintroduction.Butletmemakethisrequestrightaway:Readaslittleaspossibleofliterarycriticism.Suchthingsareeitherpartisanopinions,whichhavebecomepetrifiedandmeaningless,hardenedandemptyoflife,orelsetheyarecleverwo

46、rd-games,inwhichoneviewwins,andtomorrowtheoppositeview.Worksofartareofaninfinitesolitude,andnomeansofapproachissouselessascriticism.Onlylovecantouchandholdthemandbefairtothem.Alwaystrustyourselfandyourownfeeling,asopposedtoargumentation,discussions,orintroductionsofthatsort;ifitturnsoutthatyouarewro

47、ng,thenthenaturalgrowthofyourinnerlifewilleventuallyguideyoutootherinsights.Allowyourjudgmentstheirownsilent,undisturbeddevelopment,which,likeallprogress,mustcomefromdeepwithinandcannotbeforcedorhastened.Everythingisgestationandthenbirthing.Toleteachimpressionandeachembryoofafeelingcometocompletion,

48、entirelyinitself,inthedark,intheunsayable,theunconscious,beyondthereachofonesownunderstanding,andwithdeephumilityandpatiencetowaitforthehourwhenanewclarityisborn:thisaloneiswhatitmeanstoliveasanartist:inunderstandingasincreating.Inthisthereisnomeasuringwithtime,ayeardoesntmatter,andtenyearsarenothin

49、g.Beinganartistmeans:notnumberingandcounting,butripeninglikeatree,whichdoesntforceitssap,andstandsconfidentlyinthestormsofspring,notafraidthatafterwardsummermaynotcome.Itdoescome.Butitcomesonlytothosewhoarepatient,whoarethereasifeternitylaybeforethem,sounconcernedlysilentandvast.Ilearniteverydayofmylife,learnitwithpainIamgratefulfor:patienceiseverything!RichardDehmel:Myexperiencewithhisbooks(andalso,incidentally,withtheman,whomIknowslightly)isthatwhen