英语语音基本知识.docx

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1、英语语音基本知识英语语音基本知识要想讲好英语语音，就要有英语语音的一些基本知识。我为大家整理了一些英语语言的基本知识，希望对大家学习英语有帮助。1.关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple,student,teacher,understand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音;口腔中气流遭到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节：a)辅音+元音+

2、辅音+enamebike;b)辅音+元音he,go,hi8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音十分响亮的音节。2.元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)1)i:sea,he,see,piece,ceiling2)isit,build,miss,myth3)ebed,desk,head,4)bad,land,bank,stamp5)a:car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt6)hot,want7):door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,

3、caught8)u:good,who,blue,soup,9)ulook,put,women,could10)cup,come,blood,rough11):girl,work,serve,nurse12)cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday13)eicake,they,play,eight,great,14)aibike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye15)uphone,cold,boat,soul,grow16)auhouse,town17)iboy,oil18)idear,i

4、dea,deer,here,fierce,19)εpear,care,there,fair20)utour,poor,3.容易混淆的元音1)ebedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland2)i:eirealrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid3)eaibetbite;redwrite;saidside,head,hide4)au:househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause5)aufoundfond;gowngone;downdon4.辅音1)ppen,

5、2)bbed,comb3)ttell,4)d,day,played,wanted5)kcold,sky,quick,school,back,accept,box6)gbig,go,guess,language7)mman8)nnine,knife,autumn9)bank,uncle,English,sing,10)lland,world11)rread,write,12)ffive,cough,laugh13)vvoice,of14)think,15)this,bathe16)ssit,miss,science,case,scarf17)zzoo,close,18)sure,she,soci

6、al,nation19)/pleasure,20)hhot,who,hour21)wwall,what,answer22)jyes23)tchild,teach,catch24)d/joke,bridge,25)tsboats26)dzgoods27)trtree28)drdream5.容易混淆的辅音1)vwvetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell2)ssinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath3)zclosingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes4)nthinthing;sinsing;banban

7、gwinwing;ranrang6.读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)2)非重读音节banana,student,today,after, iorange,secret,evening,very,Monday7.特殊读音1)音的连读：notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall.afterall2)失去爆破：goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme3)音的同化：thisyear,Wouldyoudoit?Cantyouseeit?8.重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。lett

8、er,sorryb)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。about,believe,address,decide,report,condemn,respect,compare,inform,discuss,impress,mistake,enforce,prepare,employ,permit,escape,produce,exclaim,translatec)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类

9、有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。record,record;insult,insult;conduct,conduct;presentpresent;content,contentd)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词，有两个重音。outside,retell,well-known,unreal,fifteen,Chinese,pre-war,post-warB)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult,communist,family,economy,opportunity,democracy.b)有一些双音

10、节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。carefully,indefinite,comfortable,conductor,according,disturbance,complicated,establishment,c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous,calligraphy,editorial,historian,periodic,mathematics,experience,sufficient

11、,identify,translation,religious,curiosity,protectived)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。entertain,employee,mountaineer,Japanese,cigarette2)句子重音A)英语的节拍：(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重B)英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C)实词重读(副词重读)，虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，互相代词，助动词，情

12、态动词和系动词be.D)实词不重读的特殊情况a)实词第二次出现Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.b)一个名词被第二个名词修饰Imetherintherailwaystation.c)代替词Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.d)感慨词中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!e)street在专有名词中WangfujingStreet.f)this在这些短语中，thismorning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a)情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否认时。Do

13、youlikeit?Yes,Ido.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.Canyouhelpme?Yes,Ican.Idontlikeyou.Heisntaworker.b)情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。Theymaycomethisevening.Canitbefivealready?Hemustbeintheroom.c)介词在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.d)引导复合句的连词在句首。Ifyouwish,Illvisityou.Whenhecomes,Illtellhim.e)反身代词表示强调。Hecouldntcomehimself.