2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题5F字部.doc

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1、2020年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题五 F字部1. factn.事实，实际关联词组：in fact事实上，实际上；as a matter of fact确切地讲，事实上用法：The fact is (that)+从句，表示“事实是”；fact后面还可以接that引导的同位语从句，表示fact的具体内容，例如：Dont forget the fact that they are only children.别忘了他们只是孩子的事实。同义词：truth=reality n.事实，真相（2019，北京卷，阅读D）Most said students should spend less tim

2、e memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities.2. failv.失败；不及格 表示“失败，没有成功”，常用句式有fail in sth.或者fail to do sth.表示“未做某事，未履行某事”，也可用于fail to do sth.句式表示“不及格，未通过（考试，测验）”，可以接宾语，也可不接：fail the test考试不及格词性转换：failure n.失败；（机器）故障；未做反义词：succeed v.成功；pass v.通过（测试）（2019，浙江卷，完形）This time it became s

3、o profound. Then and there I _20_ to find myself back. That was exactly-what I did.20. A. failedB. forgotC. decidedD. continued3. fairadj.公平的，合理的 关联词组：to be fair公平地说；fair enough有道理，说得对；fair play/competition公平竞争，公平比赛熟词僻义：fair还可以当名词（n.）使用，表示：游乐场：Lets take the kids to the fair. 咱们带孩子们到游乐场吧。交易会，展览会：worl

4、ds fair世界博览会；international fair国际博览会；job fair招聘会词性转换：fairly adv.公正地；相当地；fairness n.公正性，公平合理性同义词：just adj.公平的反义词：unfair adj.不公平的（2019，北京卷，阅读D）This doesnt just happen in China, but its fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country.4. famousadj.著名的，出名的关联词组：be famous for因而闻名 词性转换：fame n

5、.名声，名誉同义词：well-known adj.著名的，有名气的反义词：infamous adj.臭名昭著的（2019，浙江卷，阅读D） 38. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the passage?A. The writer lives a busy life in Mentone.B. Millet was finally made a famous artist.C. Millet painted best among the four friends.D. The story was written in memory

6、 of Millet.5. faradj.远的，较远的；adv.远地；很，非常词形变化：比较级farther/further，最高级the farthest/the furthest关联词组：so far到目前为止；as far as I know据我所知far作形容词时，表示距离远的，通常用于be far from结构，但不与具体的数字连用。例如：误：The station is two kilometers far (away) from here.正：The station is two kilometers away from here.far更多用作副词，尤其是修饰形容词或副词的比较

7、级，或与too连用，表示程度，译为“得多，远远，大大；太”：He is far more careful than me.他比我仔细得多。He was at the station far too early.他去车站去得太早。反义词：near adj.附近的（2019，北京卷，短文阅读）The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become.6. farmn.农场，农庄；v.种田，务农关联词组：on a farm在农场（不用in）；a pig/cattle/chicken farm养猪/牛/鸡场；farm l

8、and农业用地词性转换：farmer n.农民；farming n.农业；耕作（2019，山东卷，阅读B）Because working with horses has helped Rowan, Rupert set up The Horse Boy Foundation on his farm in Texas.7. favouriteadj.最喜爱的；n.最受喜爱的人或物 美式拼写：favorite作形容词时，favorite前面要加形容词性物主代词或者名词所有格：his favorite movie；Jims favorite sport；favorite可以换成likebest结构：

9、My favorite subject is science=I like science best.作名词时，favorite后面不再跟名词：Sunday is my favorite.词性转换：favor v.更喜欢，偏袒；n.恩惠；支持；favorable adj.赞成的，有利的（2019，江苏卷，完形）When Im asked to name my favourite place to eat in Suzhou, I will reply _13_.13. A. right awayB. in surpriseC. at mostD. over there8. feedv.喂养，饲

10、养；养活词形变化：过去式fed，过去分词fed 关联词组：feed on sth.以为食；feed sb. up（用大量食物）养肥，养壮；feed sb. sth.=feed sth. to sb.给某人喂吃；be fed up with厌烦了，厌倦了（2019，山东卷，阅读C）As we all know, China has the largest population all over the world. It was difficult to feed the largest population in the past.9. fieldn.田地，场地；实地，现场；领域关联词组：co

11、rn/rice/wheat field棉花/水稻/小麦田；football/baseball field足球/棒球场；track and field田径（赛）filed study/research实地研究用法：可以作为“量词”，用于a field of结构，表示“一片田”。熟词僻义：field的引申意义表示“领域”、“界”，相当于area，常用结构为in the field of在领域，在界：She is famous in the field of music.她在音乐界很出名。（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）The antenna of FAST in Guizhou, China, the

12、 latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.10. fightv.&n.打架，打仗；争论；竞争，争取 词形变化：过去式fought，过去分词fought动词词组：fight for为而战（奋斗）；fight against反对，对抗，与作斗争；fight with与并肩战斗；与打架；fight back回击；fight on继续战斗；fight off击退名词词组：be in/get into a f

13、ight (with sb.) (over/about sth.)（因某事）（同某人）打起来了；a street/gang fight街头/帮派打斗近义词：war n.战争，斗争（2019，浙江卷，阅读C）The year was 1859. America and England had already fought two wars. Now, they were at peace. But one day a pig got hungry. And it nearly caused another war between the two countries.11. finaladj.最后

14、的，终极的，决定性的；n.决赛；期末考试形容词词组：final decision最后决定；final product最终产品，最后产物；final exam期末考试；final result最终结果；final report总结报告；final round最终角逐名词词组：the World Cup final世界杯总决赛；be through to/reach the final打进决赛词性转换：finally=at last=in the end adv.最后，终于（2019，浙江卷，完形）I even took art class though I had really wanted t

15、o take theatre. I finally fitted in _11_ group.11. A. myB. herC. hisD. our12. finishv.结束，做完用法：finish可以作及物动词，后面接名词作宾语；还可以接V-ing形式，不能接to do sth.：I havent finished reading this book yet.我还没有读完这本书。finish也可作不及物动词，后面不接宾语：What time does school finish?学校什么时候放学？同义词：complete v.完成；end v.结束，终止（2019，北京卷，单项填空）4.

16、Lily, _ you finish the letter in ten minutes? Yes, I can.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. can13. fitadj.合适的；健康的；v.（使）适合词形变化：比较级fitter，最高级fittest；过去式fitted或fit，过去分词fitted或fit，现在分词fitting形容词用法：和系动词连用，表示“适合，恰当”等，后面常接介词for：He isnt fit for his work.他不适合做这项工作。和feel或keep等连用，表示身体健康，精神状态好：She tries to keep fit by j

17、ogging every day.她每天慢跑以保持健康。动词用法：fit即可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，表示“（使）适合”；可以和介词in/into连用，表示“适应，融入”：This coat doesnt fit well.这件大衣不太合身。This coat doesnt fit me.这件大衣我穿不合身。She could never fit into his world.她永远也无法融入他的世界。词性转换：fitness n.健康：fitness center健身中心同义词：suit v.适合，满足；suitable adj.合适的；healthy adj.健康的反义词：unfit

18、adj.不适合的（2019，浙江卷，完形）I listened to the music she listened to, wore the clothes she wore. I even took art class though I had really wanted to take theatre. I finally fitted in _11_ group.11. A. myB. herC. hisD. our14. flyv.飞，飞行；放（风筝、模型）；n.飞行；苍蝇词形变化：过去式flew，过去分词flown词组：fly a kite放风筝；fly in the sky在空中飞

19、行；fly by飞越；飞逝用法：fly既是及物动词，又是不及物动词，可表示“（动物）飞翔”、“（人或飞机）飞行”、“放飞（风筝、模型、气球等）”；作引申意义时，可表示“（时间）飞逝”，例如：How time flies!时间过得真快！熟词僻义：fly作名词时，除了表示“飞行”，还可指“苍蝇”。词性转换：flight n.飞行，航班：flight number航班号（2019，江苏卷，单项填空）5.The flying squirrel might be one of _ animals you could meet during the trip.A. strangeB. strangerC.

20、 strangestD. the strangest15. followv.跟随，跟得上；效仿关联词组：follow up跟踪，继续做某事；follow through坚持到底；as follows如下；follow the example of效仿；follow the instructions遵照指示；follow suit照做词性转换：following adj.&n.作形容词：意思是“（时间上）接着的”；“下述的，下列的”。例如the following week第二周；answer the following questions回答下列问题作名词：常用于the following结构

21、，表示“下述，以下”。例如：The following is a summary of the meeting.以下是会议总结。（2019，浙江卷，完形）Another girl added, Ashley, she _14_ follows you, trying to copy you.14 A. onceB. alwaysC. hardlyD. never16. forcev.强迫，迫使；n.力量，武力关联词组：by force靠武力，强迫；driving force驱动力动词用法：常用结构有force sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事，等同于force sb. into st

22、h./into doing sth.：The President was forced into resigning.总统被迫辞职。The President was forced to resign.总统被迫辞职。词性转换：forceful adj.强有力的同义词：strength n.力量，力气（2019，北京卷，短文阅读）The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one

23、hour.17. foreignadj.外国的，外来的；陌生的关联词组：foreign language外语；foreign trade对外贸易；foreign company外国公司；foreign country外国用法：be foreign to sb.表示“对不熟”词性转换：foreigner n.外国人（2019，湖北卷，完形）When he 40 to call the four foreign passengers, Zhang Peng directly went to the hotel again where he had dropped them off.40.A. su

24、cceeded B. forgot C. regretted D. failed18. forgetv.忘记，忘掉词形变化：过去式forgot，过去分词forgotten用法：可作及物或不及物动词，常用句式有forget (about) sth.忘记某事；forget +that/wh-从句。forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事”；forget to do表示“忘记要做某事”。I forgot to do my homework yesterday. （作业没有做）I forget borrowing an English book from my friend. （借了书，但

25、不记得这件事了）词性转换：forgetful adj.健忘的反义词：remember v.记得，记住（2019年，浙江卷，单项填空）10.Tony, hurry up and dont forget to lock the door. - _. Im getting my coat.A. Wait a minuteB. No dealC. Nothing seriousD. Bad luck19. forwardadv.向前，前进；将来，今后关联词组：push forward推进；move forward向前移动；向前发展；step forward向前进；站出来；put forward提出；c

26、ome forward涌现；straight forward直截了当；look forward to (doing) sth.期待反义词：backward adv.向后 （2019年，江苏卷，单项填空） 11. Do you have any plans for the holiday?Yes, Im planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou. Im looking forward to the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls.A. seeB. seeingC. seesD. saw20. frontadj&n.前面（的），

27、前部（的）关联词组：front door前门；front desk前台，服务台；front line前线，第一线；front page头版in front of和in the front of的区别：in front of表示“在前面”，具有outside的词义：The student is standing in front of the bus. （在车外）in the front of表示“在前部”：The driver is sitting in the front of the bus. （在车内）（2019年，山东卷，完形） Remember that usually Chines

28、e people will not open the gift in front of the person who gives _11_.11. A. itB. themC. that21.funn.有趣的事，娱乐，玩笑；adj.有趣的关联词组：have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself玩的开心；for fun开玩笑地，闹着玩地；make fun of sb.取笑某人，拿某人开玩笑用法：fun是不可数名词，只能用much, some, a lot of, lots of等来修饰，通常还可以用great，more来修饰，表示程度；表示“做某事很开心”，可用h

29、ave fun (in) doing sth.；Its fun后接to do或doing均可，意思基本相同：Its great fun sailing a boat=Its great fun to sail a boat.驾驶帆船很有趣fun和funny的区别：词性上看，fun大多数情况下为名词，极少用作形容词，作形容词时，本身没有比较级；funny主要作形容词，其比较级是funnier，最高级是the funniest；意义上看，funny表示“有趣的，滑稽的”，侧重滑稽可笑的“有趣”，往往略带贬义；fun主要指“有趣，好玩”，不表示“滑稽”这层意义，没有贬义。试比较：This game looks fun!这个游戏看起来很好玩！Its funny to see a dog walking with only two legs.看见狗只用两条腿走路很滑稽。同义词：enjoyment=joy n.乐趣（2019年，北京卷，阅读B）26. Sallys story mainly tells us that .A. winning a race is importantB. fishing brings us a lot of funC. driving experience is necessaryD. learning happens during the process