语法复习专题：定语从句ppt课件.ppt

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1、语法复习专题：定语从句语法复习专题：定语从句定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后This is the best book that I have ever read.（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which

2、, that, as2、关系副词：、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词（关系代词who在从句中作主语）在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词在从句中作介词with的宾语）的宾语）3、关系代词和关

3、系副词的用法：、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，作主语，whom作宾语；作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时）当先行词为物或整个句子时用用which ，可作主语或宾语；，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或用作定语，可指人或物；物；5）关系副词）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）

4、。（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式

5、上用逗号逗号隔开，不能隔开，不能that用引导。用引导。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）(三三)使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与与which的区别。的区别。1）用）用that而不用而不用 which的情况：的情况：先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修先行词有最高级修饰，

6、有序数词修饰；饰；先行词有先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；等词修饰；先行词既有人又先行词既有人又有物时。有物时。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen

7、. 这部电影是我看这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。过的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用）用which而不用而不用 that的情况：的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；代表整个主句的意思；介词介词 + 关系代词。关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。他数学考试没有及

8、格，这使他的父亲很生气。This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲这是父亲去年居住过的房子。去年居住过的房子。2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应复数应由先行词决定由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going

9、to climb the hill tomorrow. 3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词介词 + which”来来代替。代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was

10、founded.关系副词关系副词when与与where、why、thatwhen 指时间指时间 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地点指地点 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因指原因 = for which当先行词为当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用时，可用that作作关系副词。（非正式场合）关系副词。（非正式场合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.注意：当注意：当time/moment作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This

11、is the first time (that) I have given you a lesson in French.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用介词在关系代词前，只能用which和和whom，且不能省略；，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom,

12、 口语中口语中也可用也可用who，且可省略。，且可省略。e.g. This is the village in which he lived when he was a child.e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.练习、定语从句练习、定语从句一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1.The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He

13、 brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.The fan which/that you want is on the desk.The man who brought our texbooks here yesterday

14、is in the next room.The magazine which he has taken away is mine.The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam.The woman whom you saw in the park is our geography teacher.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train w

15、as late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.The letter which I received yesterday is from my sister.The play we saw last night was wonderful.The train which was going to Nanning was late.The boy who was here a minu

16、te ago is my brother.The tree which he is climbing is quite tall.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.1

17、5. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.Thats the child whose drawing we were looking just now.This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer.I want to talk to the boys whose homework havent been handed in.Is that the woman whose daughter

18、is in my class?二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词第二个填入关系代词whom或或which:1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure

19、were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.to whomwith whichwith whomof whichin which用适当的关系词填空：用适当的关系词填空： 1.I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is

20、going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we

21、visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake? whenwhenwhichthat/which that where that/which where which where 11. Tom will go to Shanghai, _live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing, _is the

22、capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出

23、)you.18. This is the very novel about _weve talked so much.19. This is the way _he did it.20. Who is the student _was late for school today?where which whenthat that that (that) which (that/in which) that 21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother_you did

24、nt like?23. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.that that whose of which whose whom whenthat that where