江西专升本统考英语语法ppt课件.ppt

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1、英语时态分为英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。一般时一般时进行时进行时完成时完成时完成进行时完成进行时现在现在studybestudyinghavestudiedhavebeenstudying过去过去studiedbestudyinghadstudiedhadbeenstudying将来将来willstudywillbestudyingwillhavestudiedwillhavebeenstudying过去将来过去将来wouldstudy

2、wouldbestudyingwouldhavestudiedwouldhavebeenstudying1.一般现在时的特殊考点一般现在时的特殊考点a.When,while,before,after,till,once,assoonas,aslongas,bythetime,if,incase(that),unless,evenif,whether,themoment,theminute,theday,theyear,immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。e.g.heisgoingtovisithe

3、rauntthedayhearrivesinBeijing.b.表示已安排好的事项、行程等活动。表示已安排好的事项、行程等活动。Thetrainleavesat10tomorrow.Mydictionary_,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill_it.A.haslost,dontfindB.ismissing,dontfindC.haslost,haventfoundD.ismissing,haventfoundc.在动词在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等宾语从句中。等宾语从句中。Makesurethatthewindowsa

4、reclosedbeforeyouleave.Mydictionary_,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill_it.A.haslost,dontfindB.ismissing,dontfindC.haslost,haventfoundD.ismissing,haventfoundc.在动词在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等宾语从句中。等宾语从句中。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleave.D.前句是仍在持续的状态，应用进行时前句是仍在持续的状态，应用进行时Hesaidhe_me

5、apresentunlessI_indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceededB.wouldnotgive;succeededc.willnotgive,succeedd.wouldnotgive;willsucceed B.在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题中有不用将来时。本题中有Hesaid,所以为过所以为过去式。主句用将来时。用一般过去式代替去式。主句用将来时。用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。了过去将来时。2.一般过去时的考点一般过去时的考点a.表示过去习惯性动作表示过去习惯性动作Usedt

6、odo过去常常 be used to doing sth习惯于 e.g. He used to visit his mother once a week.（ b.itis(high)timethatsbdidsth.该该/正是。的时候了正是。的时候了e.g.itistimeyouwenttobed.3.过去进行时的考点过去进行时的考点常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while等。等。Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.

7、A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fellB.as=when,while4.现在完成时的考点现在完成时的考点常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有for,since,once,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpast/lastfewyears,always,already,recently,lately,today等。等。Itisthefirst/secondtimethat结构中结构中的从句部分的从句部分Itisthefirsttimethat

8、Ihavevisitedthecity.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenlate.Thisis+形容词最高级形容词最高级+that结构，结构，that从从句要用现在完成时。句要用现在完成时。ThisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.5.过去完成时的时间状语过去完成时的时间状语Before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonase.g.Bythetimehewas12,Tomhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.hadhardlywhen:还没等还没等就就Ihadhardlyopenedt

9、hedoorwhenhehitme.hadnosoonerthan刚刚就就Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.6.将来完成时将来完成时willhavedonee.g.Theywillhavebeenmarriedfor20yearsbythen.7.现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时：have/hasbeendoinge.g.Shehasbeensittingthereformorethan2hours8.将来完成进行时将来完成进行时 shallhavebeendoing，willhavebeendoing例：例：Bytheendofnextmonth,th

10、eprojectwillhavebeenbeingworkedfor3years.9.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时：hadbeendoing例：例：Theoldclockhadbeenbeingtakenapartofandfixedupagainforseveraltimesbymy10-yearoldsonbeforeIcamebackhome.Theconference_afullweekbythetimeitends.A)musthavelastedB)willhavelastedC)wouldlastD)haslasted 本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：本题考核谓语动词的时态

11、。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。期。”句中句中bythetimeitends表示动作表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是成时。答案是B)Untilthen,hisfamily_fromhimforsixmonths.A)didnthearC)hasntheardB)hasntbeenhearingD)hadntheard 全句的意思是：全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续

12、到过去的某以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是答案是D) 10.一般一般将来时将来时:be+todo,beabouttodoe.g.WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.Heisabouttoleavehere.一、独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：特点：

13、(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。同，它独立存在。(2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的用法二、独立主格结构的用法 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句

14、或并列句。句。 (1) (1) 作时间状语作时间状语 The work done(=After the work had The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. been done) , we went home. (2) (2) 作条件状语作条件状语 Weather permitting( Weather permitting(If weather If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to permits) , they will go on an o

15、uting to the beach tomorrow. the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 (3)作原因状语作原因状语Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.(4)作伴随状语作伴随状语Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhisha

16、ndswerecrossedunderhishead).他躺在草他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 (5)表补充说明表补充说明Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold(=andhisfacewasredwithcold).一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于

17、句末。明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、分词。动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语；动名词宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语；动名词可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语；分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语；分词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语状语非谓语动词非谓语动词四个四个特出的特出的特点特点：一一,它不能当谓语它不能当谓语,因此在同一句子中一定因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。还会另有谓语动词。二二,非谓语动词和谓语动词都表

18、示动作非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但但两者的性质两者的性质,地位不同。在英语中地位不同。在英语中,一个句一个句子只能用一个谓语动词子只能用一个谓语动词,除了用除了用and连接的连接的两动词外两动词外,其它的两个动词一定要分清主次其它的两个动词一定要分清主次,从属等内在逻辑关系。与谓语动词的动作从属等内在逻辑关系。与谓语动词的动作对比对比,非谓语动词的地位是次要的非谓语动词的地位是次要的,从属性从属性质的：比如表示原因质的：比如表示原因,条件条件,时间时间,目的目的,临时临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词,句子

19、的句子的次要次要,伴随伴随,补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句。下面列举一些例句对有连词引导的从句。下面列举一些例句对比说明：比说明： 1.“为了健康为了健康,他天天喝牛奶。他天天喝牛奶。”“”“为了健康为了健康”是目是目的的,是次要动作是次要动作,“喝牛奶喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词；才是唯一的谓语动词；Tobemorehealthy,hedrinksmilkeveryday.2.“喝牛奶对他有好处喝牛奶对他有好处,他爱喝牛奶他爱喝牛奶”这两处的这两处的“喝喝牛奶牛奶”明显地不是具体的明显地不是具体的“喝喝”,而是概括抽象的一而是概括抽象的一件事。件事。“

20、喝牛奶喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛牛奶奶”.应用应用“Drinkingmilk”动名词来表示。动名词来表示。3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛。我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“”“喝牛奶喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具在此处虽然是具体动作体动作,但它和但它和“肚子痛肚子痛”有内在逻辑关系有内在逻辑关系,它表示它表示的是原因的是原因,是从属地位是从属地位,“肚子痛肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动才是主要的谓语动词。可以用词。可以用“Havingdrunksomemilk,Ihavesometroublewithmystomach.”来表示。来表示。也可以用从句也可以用从句“SinceIhavedrunkso

21、memilk,Ihavesometroublewithmystomach.”4,“喝牛奶喝牛奶,人健康人健康”,“喝牛奶喝牛奶”与与“健康健康”有逻辑有逻辑联系联系,它显然是条件它显然是条件,可以用可以用Drinkingmilkeveryday,onewillgetmorehealthy来表示。来表示。5,“我喝牛奶呛着了。我喝牛奶呛着了。”“”“喝牛奶喝牛奶”和和“呛着呛着”也也有逻辑联系有逻辑联系,它表示时间它表示时间,可以用可以用“Drinkingmilk,Ichoked.来表示。来表示。6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐坐”是稳定的长背景动是稳定的长背景动作作,应做谓语动词

22、应做谓语动词,而而“喝牛奶喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作的的伴随动作,是补充说明是补充说明,可用非谓语动词：可用非谓语动词：“Hesatthere,drinkingsomemilk.综上所述综上所述,同是同是“喝牛奶喝牛奶”,但各句子中但各句子中“喝牛奶喝牛奶”的动作含义和句子地位各不相同。此的动作含义和句子地位各不相同。此“喝牛奶喝牛奶”非彼非彼“喝牛奶喝牛奶”。除了可以当状语除了可以当状语,非谓语动词还可以当定语和补语。非谓语动词还可以当定语和补语。例如：例如：7,Thegirlstandingtherewascrying.standing就是就是thegirl的定语。的

23、定语。8,“Ifoundhimrunninginthestreet.”running就是就是found的宾补。的宾补。非谓语动词还可以当表语。非谓语动词还可以当表语。当表语的现在分词和当表语的现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词过去分词都相当于形容词,表示特征表示特征,状态或人的情状态或人的情绪绪,情感；当表语的动名词相当于名词表示一件事情感；当表语的动名词相当于名词表示一件事情或现象。例如：情或现象。例如：9,Thebookistiring,whilethefilmisexciting.10.Herjobisraisingpigs,shefindsthatlivingisworking.三,非谓

24、语动词前不需要形式主语和连词。 1,除了独立主格结构外,非谓语动词都没有形式主语出现在它的前面,如出现了多余的主语那反而是错的句子。如“从山上看下去,我们的城市很美丽。” Seen from the mountain , . “听到这个消息,她的眼泪流出来了。”“眼泪”不会“听”,不存在逻辑主谓关系,因此不能象中文一样直译：Hearing the news,her tears came along her check.应该说：Hearing the news ,she had tears coming along her check 2,非谓语动词不需要非谓语动词不需要because,as,i

25、f,when,while等连词等连词,但它却已经含有连但它却已经含有连词的意思。象词的意思。象Becausenothavingpreparedmylesson,Icantanswerthequestion.就是错的就是错的,应删去应删去Because。四四,非谓语动词具有谓语动词的有宾语非谓语动词具有谓语动词的有宾语,有状语等特有状语等特征。征。1,及物的非谓语动词后要带宾语及物的非谓语动词后要带宾语,是双宾动词还要是双宾动词还要带两个宾语带两个宾语,象上面的句子如用象上面的句子如用Anybodyseeingfromthemountain,.就是不好的句子就是不好的句子,因为因为及物非谓语动词

26、及物非谓语动词seeing没有带宾语。没有带宾语。2,不及物的非谓语动词后当然不会不及物的非谓语动词后当然不会有宾语。有宾语。3,过去分词后不能出现宾语过去分词后不能出现宾语,因主句因主句的主语就是它的逻辑宾语。象的主语就是它的逻辑宾语。象Heatedthewater,itwillturnintostream.就是错的就是错的,thewater应删去。应删去。His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day. I dont like his job.I do

27、nt like what he does every day.I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 1. _ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句

28、3. This is _ he was often late for school.A. what B. that C. why D. whether4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句At lunch time, the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the after

29、noon. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything. The fact that Polly didnt ask for the mans name is a pity. Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.Appositive Clause (同位语从句同位语从句)Subject Cl

30、ause (主语从句主语从句)Object Clause (宾语从句宾语从句)Predicative Clause (表语从句表语从句)1Thathewillsucceediscertain.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3Whathesaidisnottrue.4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6Howwecanhelpthetwins willbediscussedatthemeeting.7 Whentheyllstarttheproject hasnotbeendecide

31、dyet. 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or/or not时时,不用不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 1.Whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 在在主主+谓谓+it (形式宾语形式宾语) +宾补宾补+that从句从句(真正宾语真正宾语) 的句型中的句型中不省略不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say. 由连词由连词and连

32、接的两个由连接的两个由that引导引导 的宾语从句中的宾语从句中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略。He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.表语从句表语从句: :在句中充当表语成分，一般放在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后。在连系动词之后。 作用：作用：对主语进

33、行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词象名词( (idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等等) )后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwas

34、comingtoinspect(视察视察)them.3)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1) that 和和what 的选用的选用that that 和和 what what 都可引导所有的名词都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，从句。但是，whatwhat除起连接作用外，除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而句的主语、宾语、或表语。而th

35、atthat在在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。连接作用。that/what1. _ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3. The result is _ we won the game.4. This is _ we want to know.5. Is _ he told us true ?6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8.

36、I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhata. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to do.g. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句连在一起引导宾语从句时不用时不用if.不能使用不能使用if 的情况：的情况：1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the op

37、en air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwh

38、etherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7. The do

39、ctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择正确的选择 who、which、when、where、why、 how 等连接词，这些等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时

40、在从句中充当各种成分。用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwherethat可

41、省略的情况：可省略的情况：that不可省略的情况：不可省略的情况：主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词引导词that不能省略不能省略单个宾语从句中的单个宾语从句中的that可省略可省略1. I dont think _ she is coming.2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3. The reason is _ he is careless.4. The news _ our team won the m

42、atch inspired us.5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that1.1.同位语从句的格式：同位语从句的格式：2.2.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：3.3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that,that,也可根据含义选用也可根据含义选用n.+ 连接词连接词 + 从句从句fact, ide

43、a, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等等whether, what, when, where 等来引导同等来引导同位语从句。位语从句。1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt _ he will wi

44、n.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.wherehowthatthatwhether1.1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2.2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的导同位语从句的that

45、 在同位语从句中不做在同位语从句中不做任何成分任何成分, ,只起连接作用只起连接作用, ,无具体含义无具体含义, ,且且不可省略。不可省略。1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2. The informat

46、ion that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.ATAPAPATHegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气要用虚拟语气, 结构为结构为 should + do, should 可省略可省略 1. The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2. The reason _ he gave for h

47、is absent was _ he was ill.reason后面的表语从句只能用后面的表语从句只能用that引导引导, 不能用不能用why引导引导, 但但reason后面的定语从后面的定语从句可以用句可以用why 或者或者that 引导。引导。whythatthatthat1. They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2. The fact _ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C

48、. when D. what3. I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that4. The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6. Wor

49、d has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether C. that D. which7. The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 8. They received orders _ the work be done at once. A. which B. when C. / D. that 9. The reason _ I have t

50、o go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A. why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 10. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because11. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D