九年级英语新目标初中英语语法知识大全辅导.pdf

《九年级英语新目标初中英语语法知识大全辅导.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《九年级英语新目标初中英语语法知识大全辅导.pdf（31页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、九年级英语新目标最新初中英语语法知识大全辅导最新初中英语语法知识大全原创（一） 形容词和副词I 要点（1） 形容词比较等级的用法表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one. 表示两者以上的比较，用the + 形容词最高级（ +名词）+of(in) 如：He is the cleverest boy in his class. 表示两者是同等程度，用as + 形容词原级 +as. 如：He is as tall as I. I have

2、as many books as you. 越 越 例如： The more I learn, the happier I am. You can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如： You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。I have never had a better dinner. 这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。 My English is no better than yours.

3、我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。例 2 _ the worse I seem to be. A When I take more medicine B The more medicine I take C Taking more of the medicine D More medicine taken 解析：该题正确答案为B。the+ 形容词比较级 + , the +形容词比较级 +意为越，越。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。例 3I havent been to London yet. I havent been there _. A too B also C either D nei

4、ther 解析：该题正确答案为C。A和 B都用于肯定句中。 D-neither本身意为否定 两者都不 ，而 C-either则用于否定句中， 意为 也。（二） 介词I 要点（2） between, among （表位置）between 仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如Im sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students. （3） beside, b

5、esides beside 意为在旁边 ，而 besides 意为 除之外 。如：He sat beside me. What do you want besides this? （4）in the tree, on the tree in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法（7）in the morning, on

6、 the morning in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨II 例题例 1 Do you know any other foreign language_ English? A except B but C beside D besides 解析：A、B两项 except 等于 but，意为 除了，C-beside 意为在旁边 ，不符合题意。而 D-besides, 意为除了之外，还有。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例 2 He suddenly returned _ a rainy night. A o

7、n B at C in D during 解析：我们均知道， at night这一短语，但如果night 前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例 3 Im looking forward _your letter. A to B in C at D on 解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为期望、盼望 。（三） 连词I 要点1、 连词的种类（1） 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如bothand, eitheror, neithernor 等。（2）从属连词用来引导从句， 如 that, if, whether, w

8、hen, after, as soon as 等。除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句） 。2、 常用连词举例(2) bothand 和， 既也Both my parents and I went there. (4) eitheror 或或，要么要么Either youre wrong, or I am. (7) neithernor 既不也不Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you. (8) not onlybut(also) 不但而且

9、He not only sings well, but also dances well. (12) as soon as 一 就Ill tell him as soon as I see him. （14）unless 除非，如果不I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow. （15）until 直到He didnt leave until eleven. ( 瞬间动词用于 not until 结构) He stayed there until eleven. （16）while 当时候，而 ( 表示对比 ) While I stayed there, I me

10、t a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词 ) My pen is red while his is blue. （18）since 自从I have lived here since my uncle left. （19）hardly when 一 就I had hardly got to the station when the train left. （20）as far as 就 来说As far as I know, that country is very small. You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里 )

11、 II 例题例 1 John plays football _, if not better than, David. A as well B as well as C so well D so well as 解析：该题意为： John 踢足球如果不比 David 好的话，那也踢得和 David 一样好。和一样好为 as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。例 2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A when B where C which

12、D while 解析：该处意为 然而 ，只有 while 有此意思，故选 D。英语语法知识难点（二）（四）动词时态、语态I 要点1、 一般现在时（1） 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school. （2） 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun. 2、 现在进行时(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：What are you d

13、oing now? (2) 和 always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：He is always doing good deeds. 3、 现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去， 对现在仍有影响， 或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去， 常与 just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如 : Have you ever been to Beijing? 6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：What were you doing this time yesterday? 7、 过去完成时

14、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：The train had already left before we arrived. 、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：He said he would come, but he didnt. 、被动语态被动语态的时态，以give 为例。II 例题例 I learned that her father _ in 1950. A had died B died C dead D is dead 解析：该题正确答案为。 从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in

15、1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。例 The five-year-old girl _ by her parents. A is looked B has looked for C is being looked for D has been looked 解析：该题正确答案为。 在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省， 否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。（五）动词虚拟语气I 要点表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。、 虚拟语气的构成注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were

16、 或 had, should, could 有时可将 if省去, 但要倒装。如：Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party. 、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用（） 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是 should( 可省) 动词原形 ，常用于以下三种句型中。句型一： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that 句型二： It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that句型三： It i

17、s suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that 如： It is strange that he (should) have done that. It is a pity that he (should) be so careless. It is requested that we (should) be so careless. （） 在宾语从句中用于 suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建

18、议。其谓语形式是(should)+动词原形 。如：I suggest that we (should) go swimming. （） 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea 等。从句谓语形式是 (should)动词原形 。如：His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. （） 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是(should)动词原形 。如：We received order that the work be done at

19、once. （） 在 It is time that句型中，其谓语动词形式是 动词的过去式 或should 动词原形 ,should不可省。如：Its time (that) we went ( should go) to school. II 例题例 We had hoped that he _ longer. A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay 解析：该题正确答案为。had hoped 表示本希望 ，同样用法的动词还有 think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气例 Mary wants to see you today. I w

20、ould rather she _ tomorrow than today. A comes B came C should come D will come 解析：该题正确答案为。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。例 Had she been older, she _ it better. A had done B might have done C might do D would do 解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为。（六）短语动词（7）辨析give away( 让给，暴露 ) 和

21、 give up （放弃，停止）put away （放起，收起）和 put out （扑灭）turn up （出席，放大）和 turn on （打开）keep out （阻止）和 keep off （不让靠近）make up（编造，补上）和 make out （辨认）take off（脱，起飞）和 take out（拿出）II 例题例 It is wise to have some money _ for old age. A put away B kept up C given away D laid up 解析：该题正确答案为。意为存；keep up 意为继续 ；give away意为分发

22、；lay up 贮藏 。例 Heres my card. Lets keep in _. A touch B relation C connection D friendship 解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为 保持联系。例 _! Theres a train coming. A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on 解析：该题选 A. look out 意为小心 。（七）动词不定式I 要点、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。、 不定式的句法功能（） 作主语To hear from you is

23、 nice. To be a good teacher is not easy. 不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：Its nice to hear from you. Its not easy to be a good teacher. （） 作宾语通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door. Please

24、remember to write to me. （） 作表语My job is to pick up letters. He seemed to have heard nothing. （） 作定语不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do. （） 作宾补通常用于 want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如：He ordered her to leave at once.

25、 He was forced to obey his order. （） 作状语He got up early to catch the first bus. He worked hard to catch up with the other students. （） 作独立成分To tell you the truth, I told a lie. （） 疑问词不定式 结构。 如：I dont know how to choose them. I cannot decide where to go. （9）不定式的否定式。如：I decided not to go. （10）不定式的完成式。

26、如：He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in. The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week. （11）tooto 结构。如：He was too excited to go to sleep. He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去 ) （12）主动表被动。如：The book is easy to read. I have a book to read. II 例题例 I havent got a chair _. A

27、 to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting 解析：该题选 C。 不定式 to sit on 在句中作定语， 修饰名词 chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是动宾关系 ， 所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处 on 不能省略。例 2 He was made _. A go B gone C going D to go 解析：该题选 D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的 to 不能省略。例 3 A new factory is _ very soon. A to be built B built C to b

28、uild D to building 解析：该题选 A。is to be built意为将要被建 。（八）动名词I 要点动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。、 动名词的形式，以write 为例。否定式 not + 动名词、 动名词的用法（） 作主语Playing football is my favorite sport. Travelling with friends at weekend is fun. 作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如：It is fun travelling with friends at weekend. （） 作宾语I enjoy

29、playing PC game. He gave up writing five years ago. （） 作表语What he hated most was doing nothing. Seeing is believing. 动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what 引导的名词性从句。（） 作定语Theres a dining room in my school. All the people watching laughed. （） 动名词的复合结构 物主代词（或名词的所有格） +动名词。如：Toms going home late made her mother angr

30、y. Would you mind my opening the window? 不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格）。无生命名词The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing. Fire burns better by oxygen being at work. 有生命名词，但表泛指。Have you ever heard of girls smoking? 两个以上的有生命的名词并列。Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see yo

31、u that day? 3后面常接动名词的动词和短语mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine, keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit, be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing, cant help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing, look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing, devote to doing,

32、lead to doing II 例题例 She says she doesnt feel like _ out with you. A going B to go C for going D went 解析：该题正确答案为A。 feel like = want, 此处 like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语例 The garden needs _. A water B watering C to water D watered 解析：该题正确答案为B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主语，此三者后要接动名词或to be done这一结构作宾语。例 Excuse

33、me _ you. A interrupting B to interrupt C interrupted D to have interrupted 解析：该题正确答案为A。excuse 后接动名词作宾语，此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语（常用于口语中） 。（九）分词I 要点分词既具有动词的一些特征， 又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。 现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式， 过去分词则只有一般式。 现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。过去分词的句法功能：、 作定语I li

34、ke to read the novel written by Lu Xun. The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine. 、 作表语When I came into the room, I found the window was broken. Im interested in this book. 、 作宾语补足语Im going to have my bike repaired. When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police. 4、作

35、状语Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students. 现在分词的句法功能。1、作状语Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful. Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him. 2、作宾语I hate being spoken ill of. He considere

36、d visiting Japan during the winter vocation. 3、作表语Seeing is believing. The book is interesting. 4、作宾语补足语I noticed him crossing the street. Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen. 5、作定语Do you know the man writing a letter? The worker running a machine is my brother. 分词使用中的几个问题1、现在分词的完成式Having clean

37、ed the room, I went out. 2、现在分词的否定式Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried. 3、现在分词与过去分词的不同现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成I found the man killed there. I found the man standing there. 4、have 结构We have the car repaired. We have repaired the car. We have Tom repair the car. We have Tom repairi

38、ng the car the whole morning. 5、分词作表语We were excited at the news. The football game is exciting. 6、独立主格结构It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park. II 例题例 1、Time_ ， Ill go on a picnic with you. A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting 解析：该题答案为D。 Time permitting是独立主格结构，意为如果时间允许的话例 2

39、、_ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker. A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking 解析：该题答案为C。主语 she 是被问。英语语法知识难点（三）? （十）情态动词与助动词I 要点助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句， 常用的助动词有be, do, have, shall(should), will(would). 情态动词表一定的词义， 本身并不表示动作或状态， 而仅仅表达说话人的态度， 它在句中须和主要动词一起构

40、成谓语，主要的情态动词有 can(could), may (might), must, have to, need, shall, should, will, would. 1、 can 能， 可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可， 如:You can go now. 提建议或请求时可用can I, can you表客气，如 Can I buy you a drink? can和 be able to表能力时的区别。can表一般具有的能力， be able to表在特定条件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to

41、explain what had happened. 2、may （1） 、可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may go. （2） 、 （现在和将来）可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right. 3、must, have to must 表主观上的必须， have to 表客观上的必须， 如:Its getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. -Yes, you must. (No, you neednt./ No, you dont have to.) 5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求

42、对方的意见或向对方请求，如， Shall we begin our lesson? 用于二、三人称陈述句， 表说话人命令、 警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，如: You shall fail if you dont work harder. 6、should 表应该，意为有责任，有义务。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful. 7、will表有做某事的意志、 意愿、安心、打算，如 Will you lend me your book? Yes, I will.，8、should have done表应该做而未做must h

43、ave done 表对过去事实的肯定推测could have done表本可以做某事9、判断句：肯定句用must, 否定句用 cant, 不太肯定用 may, might He must be in the office now. He must have gone to bed, for the light is out. He cant be in the office. He is at home. He couldnt have cleaned the classroom, because he didnt come here today. He might be in the off

44、ice, I am not sure. He might have cleaned the room, I suppose. II 例题例 1，They _ to walk in the street at might. A. didnt dare B. not dared C. not dare D. dared not 解析， 该题答案为 A，此空需选一动词作谓语， 因为后面是 to walk, didnt dare是行为动词 dare 过去时态的否定形式。例 2，When he was very old, Mr. Smith _? sit for hours without saying

45、 a word. A. would B. should C. must D. used 解析，该题答案为A, would 此处表过去的倾向性，习惯性动作，意为总是 如: When we were children, we would go swimming every summer. （十一）句子种类I 要点句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1、陈述句的否定（1）在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中， 当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人

46、称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I dont think he is right. （2） 含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely 的句子应视为否定句，如: I have never been there before. 2、反意疑问句（1） need 和 dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，如We neednt leave, need we? We dont need to leave, do we? （2） 陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom

47、, few, hardly, little等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如：He seldom comes, does he? （3） 陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it? 陈述部分用 everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用 it ，有时也用 they ，如:Everybody knows that, dont they? （4） 陈述部分包括 used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式， 如: You used to get up early, usednt

48、(didnt) you? （5） 陈述部分是 there + be结构时，反问部分用there ，如:Theres something wrong with you, isnt there? （6） 陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he? 但，如果是 I think , I believe等 +宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致， 如，I dont think he is right, is he? I dont believe he does that

49、, does he? 3、感叹句用 what 或 how, What a beautiful park it is. How beautiful a park it is. How beautiful the park is. How we worked! 4、祈使句Take care! Dont stand there. Please open the door for the old lady. II 例题例 1，Dont forget to post the letter, _ ? A. will you B. do you C. wont you D. shall you 解析：该题答

50、案为A， 在否定句、祈使句后只用 will you?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (wont, can, cant, could) you? 例 2，Lets go out for a walk, _ ? A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do we 解析：该题答案为C，lets后加上 shall we来表语气婉转、客气，而在 let us后加上 will you。例 3，He hardly writes to you, _ ? A. doesnt he B. does he C. do they D. has he