高中定语从句全面详细讲解.doc
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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高中定语从句全面详细讲解高中定语从句详细讲解高中定语从句详细讲解(一)定义及相关术语1定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,whe
2、re,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句,修饰先行词theman,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语。(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1who指人,在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thosewhowanttogoto
3、themuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明
4、正是我想要见的男孩。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了。Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。 Theman(whom/who) youmetjustnowismyoldfriend. 3Which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Thef
5、actorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.他喜欢外国作家写的书。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4That指人时,相
6、当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季
7、。YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5Whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:Theclassroomw
8、hosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisvery
9、famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIllbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveo
10、ftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意:含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词
11、的后面。如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.(误)若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词
12、指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(正)你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(误)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(误)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,a
13、ll,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如:Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我们班总共有个学生,大多数来自大城市。Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstori
14、es,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.迄今为止,他写了部小说,其中部是关于农村生活的。词关系代词引导的定语从句特例1). , .of +关系代词。2)which 代替this/that/the(四)关系副词引导的定语从句1when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople
15、sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗?2where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswer
16、eraised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy?这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗?3why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
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