颜色词翻译的英汉文化内涵差异.doc

《颜色词翻译的英汉文化内涵差异.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《颜色词翻译的英汉文化内涵差异.doc（5页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除颜色词翻译的英汉文化内涵差异摘要：颜色词在英汉两种语言中有着丰富的内涵,在文化心理和民族习俗中扮演着十分重要的角色。从黑色、白色的中文和英文含义可以看出中西文化的差异。了解并掌握这些颜色词汇的差异,对克服中西文化冲突,推动中西文化交流有一定的实际意义。 Abstract:颜色词在英汉两种语言中有着丰富的内涵,在文化心理和民族习俗中扮演着十分重要的角色。从黑色、白色的中文和英文含义可以看出中西文化的差异。了解并掌握这些颜色词汇的差异,对克服中西文化冲突,推动中西文化交流有一定的实际意义。The color word has rich connota

2、tions in the two languages, plays a very important role in the cultural psychology and ethnic customs. And from black, white Chinese and English meaning can be seen that the differences between Chinese and Western culture. To understand and master the vocabulary of these color differences, to overco

3、me the conflict between Chinese and Western culture, have certain practical significance to promote cultural exchanges between China and the west.关键词:颜色词;翻译；中西文化;差异 Keywords: color words; translation; cultural difference;自然界是五颜六色的。颜色在人们心目中会产生特定的含义,引起特定的联想,激发特殊的反应,这就是颜色的社会内涵。汉语和英语中有不少颜色词反映出不同的文化心态和感情

4、色彩。特别是汉语,自古以来就有丰富多彩的颜色词。同样,在英语中,也有不少能够折射出西方文化的颜色词。但由于英汉民族自然环境、社会制度、风土人情、文化背景不同,其内涵意义既有相似点,也有不同点。下面就中西方文化中黑色和白色颜色词的象征意义进行一些对比和探讨,以期对英语学习者带来些许兴致,提高英语学习者学习英语的热情,以及加深中国人对西方文化的了解。自然界是五颜六色的。颜色在人们心目中会产生特定的含义,引起特定的联想,激发特殊的反应,这就是颜色的社会内涵。汉语和英语中有不少颜色词反映出不同的文化心态和感情色彩。特别是汉语,自古以来就有丰富多彩的颜色词。同样,在英语中,也有不少能够折射出西方文化的颜

5、色词。但由于英汉民族自然环境、社会制度、风土人情、文化背景不同,其内涵意义既有相似点,也有不同点。下面就中西方文化中黑色和白色颜色词的象征意义进行一些对比和探讨,以期对英语学习者带来些许兴致,提高英语学习者学习英语的热情,以及加深中国人对西方文化的了解。 Nature is be riotous with colour. Colours have special meaning in the eyes of the people, causing specific Lenovo, stimulate the special reaction, this is the color of the

6、social connotation. Chinese and English there are many color words reflect the different cultural mentality and emotions. Especially the Chinese, since ancient times there is rich and colorful color words. Similarly, in English, there are many that reflects the western culture of color words. But be

7、cause of the difference between Chinese and English, the natural environment, social system, cultural background, local customs and practices, the connotative meaning both have similarities, there are different points. Some comparison and discussion of the following on the black and white in western

8、 culture in the symbolic meanings of color words, in order to bring some interest to English learners, learners of English to improve their enthusiasm for learning English, and deepen the Chinese understanding of Western culture. 一、黑色(black) 黑色(black)在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。例如,黑色是悲哀的颜色,英美人在葬礼上穿黑色服装,中

9、国人在葬礼上戴黑纱。英语中的Black Friday指耶稣在复活节前受难的星期五,是悲哀的日子。同时,黑色都代表黑暗、阴险、邪恶。比如汉语有黑社会、黑帮、黑幕,而英语中也有类似表达。如: black money(黑钱,指来源不正当而且没有向政府报税的钱); black market(黑市交易或黑市意为暗中进行政府禁止买卖的商品或外汇的交易,或指进行违法的投机市场); black market price(黑市价格); black day(凶日); black future(暗淡的前途); blackmail(勒索); black list(黑名单)。 但是,黑色在英语和汉语中也有不同的含义。黑

10、色在中国古代象征尊贵、刚毅、严正、铁面无私、憨直、神秘等褒义。在戏剧脸谱中,往往用黑色脸谱象征人物的刚直不阿、严正无私或憨直的性格。另外,它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶和反动,如指阴险狠毒的人是“黑心肠”,不可告人的丑恶内情是“黑幕”,反动集团的成员是“黑帮”、“黑手”,把统治者为进行政治迫害而开出的持不同政见者的名单叫“黑名单”,它又表示犯罪、违法,干盗匪行径叫“走黑道”,称杀人越货、干不法勾当的客栈叫“黑店”,把违禁货物叫“黑货”,违禁货物交易的场所称为“黑市”,利用非法手段得来的钱叫“黑钱”,把有组织犯罪并以实施某些犯罪为目的而形成的结伙、帮派、集团或组

11、织称为“黑社会”等。 在英语中黑色也有其自己的文化内涵。众所周知,基督教文化对英美人影响深远。在圣经里,黑色象征魔鬼、邪恶、痛苦与不幸。所以,黑色(black)是西方文化的基本禁忌色,它象征死亡、凶兆和灾难,如black death黑死病, to wear black for her father为她父亲戴孝, black words不吉利的话, a black letter day凶日; 它又象征邪恶和犯罪,如Black Man邪恶的恶魔, a black deed极其恶劣的行为, black guard恶棍、流氓, blackmail敲诈、勒索;它也象征耻辱和不光彩,如a black ma

12、rk污点,black sheep败家子, a black eye丢脸、坏名声;它还象征沮丧和前途暗淡,如black dog沮丧,意气消沉,The future looks black前途暗淡。在英语中black还象征气愤和恼怒。如: black in the face(脸色铁青); to look black at someone(怒目而视);He gave me a black look.他怒气冲冲地看着我。在文学及表演艺术上,黑色代表虚伪(falsehood),错误(error),因而,black humor(黑色幽默)指的就是一种荒诞、病态、过分夸张的幽默。 有趣的是,商业英语的be i

13、n the black却有好的意思,表示“有盈余”, 再比如:black figure / in the black(盈利、赚钱、顺差); black figure nation(国际收支顺差国)。 由此可见,黑色的英汉文化内涵还是有不少差异的。正是由于这些文化差异,在翻译过程中,有时候英语的“black”和汉语的“黑”是 不能等同的,比如:black sheep“败类”;black eye“丢脸”;black tea“红茶”;black swan“稀有罕见的东西”;black leg“工贼”;in ones black books“被某人嫌恶”;black coffee(不加牛奶的咖啡);

14、而汉语中一些有“黑”的词不也能用black表示,如:黑心evil mind ; 黑手evil back stage manipulator; 黑幕inside story; 黑线a sinister line ; 黑话 (argot)、黑暗 (dark),黑面包 (brown bread). 这些都是我们在英语学习过程中应该注意,以免陷入颜色误区。 , black (black)黑色(black)在英语和汉语两种语言文化中的联系意义大致相同。例如,黑色是悲哀的颜色,英美人在葬礼上穿黑色服装,中国人在葬礼上戴黑纱。英语中的Black Friday指耶稣在复活节前受难的星期五,是悲哀的日子。同时,

15、黑色都代表黑暗、阴险、邪恶。比如汉语有黑社会、黑帮、黑幕,而英语中也有类似表达。如: black money(黑钱,指来源不正当而且没有向政府报税的钱); black market(黑市交易或黑市意为暗中进行政府禁止买卖的商品或外汇的交易,或指进行违法的投机市场); black market price(黑市价格); black day(凶日); black future(暗淡的前途); blackmail(勒索); black list(黑名单)。 Black (black) in English and Chinese two languages culture in the sense

16、of connection to roughly the same. For example, black is the colour of mourning, the British and Americans wear black clothes at the funeral, Chinese wear black at the funeral. English Black Friday refers to Jesus in the Friday before Easter passion, is a sad day. At the same time, the black represe

17、nts the dark, evil, sinister. For example, Chinese triad, gangster, shady, and also have a similar expression in english. Such as: black money (money, referred to as the source of unfair and not to the government tax money); black market (black market or black market for the government to ban the sa

18、le of goods or foreign exchange transactions, or the illegal market speculation); black market price (black market prices); black day (black day); black future (a bleak future); blackmail (extortion); black list (blacklist).但是,黑色在英语和汉语中也有不同的含义。黑色在中国古代象征尊贵、刚毅、严正、铁面无私、憨直、神秘等褒义。在戏剧脸谱中,往往用黑色脸谱象征人物的刚直不阿、

19、严正无私或憨直的性格。另外,它又由于其本身的黑暗无光给人以阴险、毒辣和恐怖的感觉。它象征邪恶和反动,如指阴险狠毒的人是“黑心肠”,不可告人的丑恶内情是“黑幕”,反动集团的成员是“黑帮”、“黑手”,把统治者为进行政治迫害而开出的持不同政见者的名单叫“黑名单”,它又表示犯罪、违法,干盗匪行径叫“走黑道”,称杀人越货、干不法勾当的客栈叫“黑店”,把违禁货物叫“黑货”,违禁货物交易的场所称为“黑市”,利用非法手段得来的钱叫“黑钱”,把有组织犯罪并以实施某些犯罪为目的而形成的结伙、帮派、集团或组织称为“黑社会”等。 However, black has different meanings in Eng

20、lish and chinese. Black in ancient China, indicative of high resolute, solemn, be just and stern, honest and straightforward, mysterious commendatory. In the theatrical, often with black mask symbol characters upright, pitiless or upright character. In addition, it is because of its own dark without

21、 light, give a person with insidious, sinister and horrible feeling. It is the symbol of evil and the reaction, such as a sinister man black heart, is not to be divulged ugly story is dark, the members of the group is the gang, black, the rulers as political persecution of dissidents out of the list

22、 is called blacklist, it said crime, illegal acts, dry bandits called go there, said the kill and rob, do illegal business inn called black, the contraband goods called smuggled goods, prohibited goods trading places called black market, the use of illegal means to get the money is the black money,

23、the organized crime and the the implementation of some crimes for the purpose and the formation of the gang, gang, group or organization known as the black society.在英语中黑色也有其自己的文化内涵。众所周知,基督教文化对英美人影响深远。在圣经里,黑色象征魔鬼、邪恶、痛苦与不幸。所以,黑色(black)是西方文化的基本禁忌色,它象征死亡、凶兆和灾难,如black death黑死病, to wear black for her fath

24、er为她父亲戴孝, black words不吉利的话, a black letter day凶日; 它又象征邪恶和犯罪,如Black Man邪恶的恶魔, a black deed极其恶劣的行为, black guard恶棍、流氓, blackmail敲诈、勒索;它也象征耻辱和不光彩,如a black mark污点,black sheep败家子, a black eye丢脸、坏名声;它还象征沮丧和前途暗淡,如black dog沮丧,意气消沉,The future looks black前途暗淡。在英语中black还象征气愤和恼怒。如: black in the face(脸色铁青); to lo

25、ok black at someone(怒目而视);He gave me a black look.他怒气冲冲地看着我。在文学及表演艺术上,黑色代表虚伪(falsehood),错误(error),因而,black humor(黑色幽默)指的就是一种荒诞、病态、过分夸张的幽默。 In English the black also has its own cultural connotation. As everyone knows, the Christian culture has profound influence on American and british. In the Bible

26、, the black symbol of the devil, evil, pain and misery. So, black (black) is the basic taboo color in the western culture, it is a symbol of death, the omen and disasters, such as the black death to wear black for, her father wear black for her father, black words ominous words, a black letter day b

27、lack day; it is the symbol of evil and crime, such as the Black Man evil the devil, a black deed is extremely bad, black guard villain, rogue, blackmail blackmail, extortion; it is also a symbol of shame and disgrace, such as a black mark stain, black sheep a black eye black sheep, humiliated, bad r

28、eputation; it is also a symbol of frustration and bleak future, such as black dog depressed, depression, The future looks black a bleak future. In English, black is also a symbol of anger and irritation. Such as: black in the face (face); to look black at someone (look at with angry eyes); He gave m

29、e a black look. he be ablaze with anger at me. In the literature and the performing arts, the black represents false (falsehood), error (error), therefore, black humor (black humor) refers to an absurd, morbid, exaggerated humor.有趣的是,商业英语的be in the black却有好的意思,表示“有盈余”, 再比如:black figure / in the blac

30、k(盈利、赚钱、顺差); black figure nation(国际收支顺差国)。 Interestingly, the be in the black business English has a good meaning, said surplus, for example: black figure / in the black (profit, to make money, surplus); black figure nation (the international balance of payments surplus country).由此可见,黑色的英汉文化内涵还是有不少差

31、异的。正是由于这些文化差异,在翻译过程中,有时候英语的“black”和汉语的“黑”是 不能等同的,比如:black sheep“败类”;black eye“丢脸”;black tea“红茶”;black swan“稀有罕见的东西”;black leg“工贼”;in ones black books“被某人嫌恶”;black coffee(不加牛奶的咖啡); 而汉语中一些有“黑”的词不也能用black表示,如:黑心evil mind ; 黑手evil back stage manipulator; 黑幕inside story; 黑线a sinister line ; 黑话 (argot)、黑暗

32、 (dark),黑面包 (brown bread). 这些都是我们在英语学习过程中应该注意,以免陷入颜色误区。Thus, the black cultural connotation still have many differences. It is because of these cultural differences, in the process of translation, sometimes in English black and Chinese black is not equivalent, for example: black sheep scum; black ey

33、e lose face; black tea black tea; black swan rare things; black leg scabs; in one s black books is someone dislike; black coffee (coffee without milk); while in Chinese, some black words can not express with black, such as: black evil black evil back stage mind; manipulator; inside story a sinister

34、black; black line; (argot). (dark), dark, black bread (brown bread). These are what we should pay attention to in the process of English learning, so as to avoid misunderstanding in color.关键词:颜色词;翻译；中西文化;差异 摘要:二、白色(White) “白”在汉语里常有不吉祥之意。如“白事”指“丧事”。丧事人家贴白纸,穿白衣、戴白帽,以表示哀悼。旧时,迷信的人把给人带来灾祸的人称为“白虎星”。称智力低下的

35、人为“白痴”;把出力而得不到好处或没有效果的叫做“白忙”,“白费力”或“白干”。它还象征知识浅薄,没有功名。如称平民百姓为“白丁”、“白衣”;把缺乏锻炼,阅历不深的文人称为“白面书生”。“白”也象征反动、腐朽、落后,如“白色恐怖”、“白区”。这些都含贬义。当然在汉语中,白色也有用于褒义的一面。白色给人以洁净、明亮的感觉,因此我们可以说“洁白如玉”、“白雪阳春”。白色还象征着“正义、光明、善良”,如“白衣天使”。正义的东西总是敢于公开的,是光明磊落的,因而,它又象征“正当、合法”。如“白色收入”、“白道”、“白市”。 西方文化中的white除了表示“白”以外,还象征高雅纯洁、高尚、公正、幸运、吉

36、利等,因此它是西方文化中的崇尚色。据基督教圣经记载,以色列人祭祀上帝的供品都是白色的。因此白色被当做节日的颜色,总是与好兆头联系在一起。对英民族而言,象征纯洁、幸福、希望、和平、光明、权力、美丽、善良是英语“white”词义中的主导方向。如英民族举行婚礼时,新娘总是身着白色衣裙,戴白色面纱,称white wedding(穿白纱的婚礼),取其纯洁之义。西方格林童话故事中“Snow White”,白雪公主是聪明、善良、美丽的化身,深得世界各国儿童广泛同情和喜爱。在The Bible圣经故事中,天使总是长着一对洁白的翅膀,头顶上悬浮着银白色的光环。在圣经中,白色的绵羊white sheep指代的是美

37、好而善良的东西,而“black sheep”指的是败家子、害群之马。在弥尔顿(John Milton)的失乐园)中,撒旦和其他天使都是白色的,但当撒旦被逐出天堂打人地狱后,他被烧成了一个黑色的魔鬼。又如英语中:white day是“吉日”;white soul为“纯洁的心灵”;white man指“高尚的人”;white hat指代“好人”; white lie为“善意的谎言”。This is very white of you (你真诚实), white-handed(正直的), a white witch (做善事的女巫), white hope(被寄予厚望的人或事)。汉语中的“清白无辜”

38、、“洁白无瑕”与英语中的white意义相近。这些都是white的褒义用法,当然在一定场合中white也可用作贬义,比如white用于形容心理情感的变化时;white-hot(愤怒的);white feather 不是白色的羽毛,而是懦弱的意思;white -faced不是皮肤白的,而是由于生病脸色苍白的。 英语中许多含white的词组汉译时常不能直译为“白”。例如:a white night(不眠之夜),white elephant(累赘无用的东西),white alert(空袭解除警报),white coffee(加牛奶或奶油的咖啡), white war(不流血的战争), white cr

39、ow(罕见之物),white alloy (假银),white area (闲置地区),white chip (微不足道的东西), white sepulcher(伪君子,伪善者),white feather(胆小鬼,懦夫),white-haired boy (得宠的人,宠儿),white market(合法交易),white shoe(女子气的;未成熟的)和white room(无尘室)。反过来,汉语中的“白皮肤”也不能译成she has a white skin,而应译为she has a fair skin。在涉及到人的皮肤时英语的fair与二、白色(White) Two, white

40、(White)“白”在汉语里常有不吉祥之意。如“白事”指“丧事”。丧事人家贴白纸,穿白衣、戴白帽,以表示哀悼。旧时,迷信的人把给人带来灾祸的人称为“白虎星”。称智力低下的人为“白痴”;把出力而得不到好处或没有效果的叫做“白忙”,“白费力”或“白干”。它还象征知识浅薄,没有功名。如称平民百姓为“白丁”、“白衣”;把缺乏锻炼,阅历不深的文人称为“白面书生”。“白”也象征反动、腐朽、落后,如“白色恐怖”、“白区”。这些都含贬义。当然在汉语中,白色也有用于褒义的一面。白色给人以洁净、明亮的感觉,因此我们可以说“洁白如玉”、“白雪阳春”。白色还象征着“正义、光明、善良”,如“白衣天使”。正义的东西总是敢

41、于公开的,是光明磊落的,因而,它又象征“正当、合法”。如“白色收入”、“白道”、“白市”。 White often in the Chinese language is not auspicious meaning. Such as funeral refers to the funeral. Funeral people posted a blank sheet of paper, dressed in white, wearing a white hat, to mourn. Formerly, the superstitious man to bring disaster called

42、white tiger star. The idiot called mental retardation; the output and cant get benefit or no effect is called white busy, wasted or white. It also symbolizes the shallow knowledge, there is no fame. As known as private civilians, white; the lack of training, experience is not deep literati called an

43、 inexperienced youth. White is a symbol of the reactionary, decadent, backward, such as white terror, white area. These are pejorative. Of course, in Chinese, white also has one side for good. White people with clean, bright feeling, therefore we can say that the white jade, highbrow song. White is

44、a symbol of justice, bright, kind, such as angels in white. Justice is always dare to open, is open and aboveboard, therefore, it also symbolizes the legitimate, lawful. Such as white income, white, white city.西方文化中的white除了表示“白”以外,还象征高雅纯洁、高尚、公正、幸运、吉利等,因此它是西方文化中的崇尚色。据基督教圣经记载,以色列人祭祀上帝的供品都是白色的。因此白色被当做节

45、日的颜色,总是与好兆头联系在一起。对英民族而言,象征纯洁、幸福、希望、和平、光明、权力、美丽、善良是英语“white”词义中的主导方向。如英民族举行婚礼时,新娘总是身着白色衣裙,戴白色面纱,称white wedding(穿白纱的婚礼),取其纯洁之义。西方格林童话故事中“Snow White”,白雪公主是聪明、善良、美丽的化身,深得世界各国儿童广泛同情和喜爱。在The Bible圣经故事中,天使总是长着一对洁白的翅膀,头顶上悬浮着银白色的光环。在圣经中,白色的绵羊white sheep指代的是美好而善良的东西,而“black sheep”指的是败家子、害群之马。在弥尔顿(John Milton)

46、的失乐园)中,撒旦和其他天使都是白色的,但当撒旦被逐出天堂打人地狱后,他被烧成了一个黑色的魔鬼。又如英语中:white day是“吉日”;white soul为“纯洁的心灵”;white man指“高尚的人”;white hat指代“好人”; white lie为“善意的谎言”。This is very white of you (你真诚实), white-handed(正直的), a white witch (做善事的女巫), white hope(被寄予厚望的人或事)。汉语中的“清白无辜”、“洁白无瑕”与英语中的white意义相近。这些都是white的褒义用法,当然在一定场合中white也

47、可用作贬义,比如white用于形容心理情感的变化时;white-hot(愤怒的);white feather 不是白色的羽毛,而是懦弱的意思;white -faced不是皮肤白的,而是由于生病脸色苍白的。 In western culture, white said that in addition to white, is also a symbol of purity, noble elegant, justice, lucky, lucky, so it is advocating the role of Western culture. According to the Christi

48、an Bible records, God and sacrificial offerings are white. So white is a festival of colors, is always good together. On the English nation, symbol of purity, happiness, hope, peace, light, power, beauty, goodness is the leading direction of English white meaning. Such as English people at the weddi

49、ng, the bride wears a white dress, wearing a white veil, called white wedding (wear white wedding), the purity of righteousness. Western Green fairy tale Snow White, the snow white princess is the embodiment of smart, kind, beautiful, won widespread sympathy and love of children around the world. In the The Bible Bible in the story, the angel is always with a p