概要写作说明文学案ppt课件.ppt

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1、Summary writingA summary is a short statement that gives only the main points of sth, not the details 牛津高阶英汉双解词典 读者在读者在正确理解文章正确理解文章的的基础基础上上, 在在不改变原文中心思想、不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构体裁和结构的的前提前提下，用下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章文章的的主要内容和观点主要内容和观点。 It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea an

2、d key points of a longer composition. 01What is a summary?a 60-word summaryuse your own wordsin the third personwith a brief sentenceconnection between sentences(句子衔接句子衔接)02Requests of Summary WritingStep 1. Read for the style, topic and structureStep 2. Divide the passage & summarize the main idea

3、of each partStep 3. Highlight the key information of each partStep 4. Paraphrase（改写）（改写）Step 5. Write the first draftStep 6. Polish the summary03Steps of Summary Writing 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 We shouldnt judge a person by their appearance but we do. In fact, the experts say that when we meet s

4、omeone for the first time we make a decision about what that person is like in three seconds. But what do we look at? One of the most important things is clothes, but it isnt the brand of clothes that people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion. S

5、chools have always understood this and a lot of them ask their students to wear a uniform. Why? A lot of teachers think a uniform makes students feel that they are part of their school and that their uniform helps them to be serious about their studies. Teachers say that uniforms can help in other w

6、ays too. If all the students wear uniforms, they cant judge each other because of their clothes. It also avoids arguments about who or what is fashionable. However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain professio

7、n should wear. If we visit a doctor, we expect to see respectable clothes under the doctors white coat. When we go into a bank we expect the staff to wear suits or dresses. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing a visible presence while on patrol, to make themselves easily iden

8、tifiable to non-police officers or their colleagues who require assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime scenes for ease of coordination. In fact, a lot of companies have dress codes for their staff because they know that the customers expect to see them dressed in certain types of cl

9、othes. But can our clothes really tell people what we are like? Maybe not, but they can show our attitude to what we are doing at the moment. When people see us in the right clothes, they think we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, if we are clean, smart and polite, people will have c

10、onfidence in us.Para.1Para.3Para.2Para.4Step 1. Read for the style，topic and structure确定体裁，明确主题确定体裁，明确主题l体裁：体裁：l主题：主题：记叙文记叙文exposition 说明文说明文Before writing:wearing clothesHow many parts can we divide the passage? Para 1: Part1 topic para 2: evidence/example para 3: evidence/examplePart 2 supporting

11、details para 4: Part3 conclusionStep 2. Divide the passage & summarize the main idea of each part明确文章结构topic sentence for each paragraph Find: the first/ last sentence/join them together Summarize in your own words Step 3. Highlight the key information of each part划主题句与关键信息划主题句与关键信息List the Key Poin

12、tsPara.Key points123 4 Read for Key PointsPara.1 We shouldnt judge a person by their appearance but we do. In fact, the experts say that when we meet someone for the first time we make a decision about what that person is like in three seconds. But what do we look at? One of the most important thing

13、s is clothes, but it isnt the brand of clothes that people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion. _Point 1_Read for Key PointsPara.2 Schools have always understood this and a lot of them ask their students to wear a uniform. Why? A lot of teachers

14、think a uniform makes students feel that they are part of their school and that their uniform helps them to be serious about their studies. Teachers say that uniforms can help in other ways too. If all the students wear uniforms, they cant judge each other because of their clothes. It also avoids ar

15、guments about who or what is fashionable. _1. _2. _Point 2_3. _4. _benefitsRead for Key PointsPara. 3 However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain profession should wear. If we visit a doctor, we expect to see

16、respectable clothes under the doctors white coat. When we go into a bank we expect the staff to wear suits or dresses. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing a visible presence while on patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to non-police officers or their colleagues wh

17、o require assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime scenes for ease of coordination. In fact, a lot of companies have dress codes for their staff because they know that the customers expect to see them dressed in certain types of clothes. _Point 3_Read for Key PointsPara.4 But can our

18、clothes really tell people what we are like? Maybe not, but they can show our attitude to what we are doing at the moment. When people see us in the right clothes, they think we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, if we are clean, smart and polite, people will have confidence in us._Po

19、int 4List the Key PointsPara.Key points123 4 It is important to wear the right clothes for the occasion.Schools ask their students to wear a uniform. Why? However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain profession

20、 should wear a doctora bank Police officers a lot of companies right clothes can show our attitude that we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, people will have confidence in us.Step 4. Paraphrase（改写）restate the key points in your own words in a different wayHow to paraphrase/restate?2.

21、 use synonyms (同义词的运用)3. summarize examples (概括) 5. combine sentences (合并句子)4. sometimes change the voice (主被动语态转换)1. change the sentence structure (句型转换)Examples of restating the key pointsKey point 1The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion.restate Wearing right clothes for

22、 occasions is significant. Since judging a person by their appearance is unavoidable, wearing proper clothes for different occasions is more than vital. Clothes should be worn suitably for different occasions.Examples of restating the key pointsKey point 2Schools ask their students to wear a uniform

23、. Why? restate Students are required to wear uniforms for various benefits. Teachers think uniforms can make student serious about their study seriously and avoid arguments. wearing uniforms at school can help students become serious about their study and avoid many problemsExamples of restating the

24、 key pointsKey point 3However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain profession should wear a doctora bank Police officers a lot of companies restate Different jobs need different clothes for customers expectatio

25、ns. People should attach importance to what they wear in certain ways. Different professions should dress themselves in certain ways.Examples of restating the key pointsKey point 4 Right clothes can show our attitude that we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, people will have confiden

26、ce in us.restate Suitable clothes can show others we are serious and confident. Suitable clothes can make other aware of our seriousness and confidence. Proper clothes can present our attitudes such as being serious and confident. Step 5. Write the first draft 1. Complete the first draft by using pr

27、oper conjunctions(连接词）. Introduction: The passage/article focuses on/mainly tells us 表转折：but, however, though, although 表并列、递进：as well as, in addition to, not only.but also, besides, whats more, furthermore,. 表对比：meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, contrast ,. 表列举：firstly/secondly/finally

28、/. 表原因：because (of) ,due to, on account of,.; for 表举例：for example/instance, such as, and so on Ending：therefore, consequently, In short, in conclusion, in a word使用合适的连接词Checklistp Does his/her summary begin with a sentence that states the main idea?p Do he/she use his/her own words?p Do he/she avoid

29、 adding his/her own comments?p Do he/she use restatement to emphasize the main idea and unify his/her writing?p Are there any mistakes in spelling, grammar and punctuation? If so, please underline and correct them.some mistakes83 words照抄原句key point missingConclusion： How to Write a Good Summary?1.1.

30、仔细阅读文本：读结构、读主题句、读关键信息。仔细阅读文本：读结构、读主题句、读关键信息。2. 2. 用自己的语言表述文章的关键点，注意句子的语法结构和词汇用自己的语言表述文章的关键点，注意句子的语法结构和词汇的准确性，避免抄袭原句，不遗漏要点。的准确性，避免抄袭原句，不遗漏要点。( (段落段落= =要点要点) )3. 3. 运用适当的连接词润色文章。运用适当的连接词润色文章。4. 4. 关注所写概要的词数关注所写概要的词数 Step 6. Write the first draft Revise the first draft and write an improved summary. Sa

31、mple： The article mainly tells us wearing proper clothes is important for peoples first impressions.(要点1) For example, schools require students to wear uniforms for various benefits.(要点2) Besides schools, other places, like hospitals, banks and some companies also want their staffs to dress in unifo

32、rms properly. (要点3) In conclusion, our clothes can show our attitudes, such as being serious and having confidence .(要点4) (60词)Para 1Topic Sentence:“During the Renaissance, new and gradually replaced ” Idea 1:“People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude

33、to life.”Idea 2:“At the same time painters returned to classical people and nature as they really were.”Example: “Rich people wanted to ”l One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people fi

34、rst saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in the wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the

35、 colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)Para 2Topic Sentence:“One of the most important discoveries during this perio

36、d was how to draw things in perspective.”Information about perspective: Put forward: Masaccio; 1428 Content: “looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.”Assistance: “By coincidence, oil paints were also developed ”Step 4. Make an outline of the passagePara 1Topic Sentence:Idea 1:Idea 2:Para 2

37、Topic Sentence:Information about perspective: Put forward: Content:Assistance:Step 5. Write the first draftPara 1Topic Sentence: During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages.Rewrite: In the Renaissance, new viewpoints were in place of those hundreds y

38、ears ago. viewpointsnew ideas and values were in place of hundreds years agoreplacedheld in the Middle Ages同义转换同义转换Idea 1: People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. Rewrite： Firstly, people focused more on humanistic themes rather than religio

39、us ones. Idea 2: At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were.Rewrite： Secondly, painters returned to classical ideas, which attached great importance to real people and nature.focused more on 同义转换同义转换句型转变句

40、型转变短语连接短语连接删除细节删除细节Para 1In the Renaissance, new viewpoints were in place of those hundreds years ago. Firstly, people focused more on humanistic themes rather than religious ones. Secondly, painters returned to classical ideas which focused on real people and nature. (38 words) Step 6. Revise the S

41、ummaryPeople had new viewpoints during the Renaissance. Meanwhile, painters preferred the classical ideas and painted real people and nature.Firstly,Secondly, People had new viewpoints during the Renaissance. People focused more on humanistic themes rather than religious ones. Meanwhile, painters pr

42、eferred the classical ideas and painted real people and nature. (29 words)One possible version of Para 1Tips lCover all the key pointslWrite in correct languagelUse proper conjunctionslAvoid copying the original sentenceslCount the words (6020) One possible versionPeople had new viewpoints during th

43、e Renaissance. People focused more on humanistic themes rather than religious ones. Meanwhile, painters preferred the classical ideas and painted real people and nature.The perspective proposed by Masaccio in 1428 became the typical painting characteristic in that period. With the development of oil paints, people felt like seeing reality through a hole. (58 words) 提炼提炼要点要点 整合整合 删除细节删除细节删除具体例子（引用一两个说明问题即可）删除具体例子（引用一两个说明问题即可）避免重复避免重复 同义转换同义转换: 近义词、同义词等替换近义词、同义词等替换语言语言 句子重构句子重构: 调整词类、时态、语态等调整词类、时态、语态等 逻辑：逻辑：衔接（照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接衔接（照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接 ） 04Skills of Summary Writing