选修八第三单元知识点ppt课件.ppt

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1、Unit3 Inventors and InventionsLanguage PointsIn Readinggo through1) 经历经历e.g. Most families went through a lot in the war.1. Do you know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved?(P19)2) 通过通过, 成功成功, 成交成交e.g. The plan did not go through.3) 审阅审阅, 检查检查e.g. I

2、 cant go though the letters in an hour.4) 翻找翻找, 查看查看e.g. Mother went through the drawer for her glasses.5) 穿过穿过, 通过通过e.g. A terrible noise went through the house. read through look through flow through get through search through 通读通读浏览浏览流过流过通过通过, 接通接通, 使使成功成功搜寻搜寻, 查找查找2. do research on /into /in . (

3、P19) 从事从事, 进行进行, 做研究做研究 research可作可数名词和不可数名可作可数名词和不可数名词词, 有自己的单复数形式。短语有自己的单复数形式。短语do research中中research为为_。 e.g. They are carrying out a research into the causes of cancer.不可数名词不可数名词3. When I call up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. (P20L1) call up 打电话，使打电话，使.回忆起回忆起

4、e.g. Ill call you up tonight. (call sb./ring sb. up) The old photo calls up memories of my childhood. (recall sth.) call for 需要需要, 要求要求call back 回电话，召唤某人回来回电话，召唤某人回来call in 邀请邀请, 请请.来来call off 取消；停止取消；停止call on/at 拜访拜访 (call on后跟后跟_作宾语，作宾语，call at 后跟后跟_名词作宾语名词作宾语) 人人地点地点call at drop in at pay a visi

5、t togo on a visit to visit拜访某地拜访某地+ sp.拜访某人拜访某人+ sb. call on drop in on pay a visit to go on a visit to visit选用以上短语的适当形式填空。选用以上短语的适当形式填空。1. They _ their plan for a picnic because of the bad weather. 2. I hope to _ you at your office at three oclock today. 3. The photos _ memories of my study in Beij

6、ing.called offcall oncalled up4. “Snakes come near the house now and then, ” (P20L4) now and then 有时有时, 偶尔偶尔 from time to time 有时有时; 不时不时 (every) now and again 时而时而; 不时不时 from now on 从现在开始从现在开始, 今后今后 just now 刚才刚才 since then 从那时以来从那时以来5. Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing so

7、mething merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(P20L7) 这回我有机会表现一下自己了，我这回我有机会表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既能捉住蛇，要发明某种仁慈的东西，既能捉住蛇，又不会伤害它们。又不会伤害它们。distinguish v. 辨别辨别, 区别区别e.g. Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？你能区分那两个物体吗？ Children should be taught to distinguish right from w

8、rong. 应当教育孩子分辨好坏。应当教育孩子分辨好坏。 distinguish from 把把.与与分开分开 = distinguish between and distinguish oneself 显扬自己显扬自己, 使自己扬使自己扬名名e.g. Hes distinguished himself as a teacher.作为老师，他早已负有盛名。作为老师，他早已负有盛名。The man distinguish himself by his wisdom. 这个人因智慧而扬名。这个人因智慧而扬名。distinction n. 区别区别, 差异差异 distinctive adj. 有特

9、色的有特色的, 与众不同的与众不同的distinct adj. 截然不同的截然不同的 distinguishable adj. 区别得出的区别得出的, 辨认得出的辨认得出的tell the differences between and = tell from 把把.与与.区分开区分开6. I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.(P20L12) 1）set about “开始，着手开始，着手”， set about (doing) sth.拓展：拓展：set aside

10、 为为节省或保留（钱或时间）；将节省或保留（钱或时间）；将 放在一边；留出放在一边；留出, 对对不予以考虑不予以考虑 set out to do sth. 开始做某事开始做某事set out (for) 出发出发, 启程启程set off (for) = leave for出发出发, 动身动身; 使爆炸使爆炸 set down 记下记下, 写下写下; 登记登记set up 设置设置, 造成造成, 产生产生2) habit: out of habit 出于习惯出于习惯 be in the habit 有有.的习惯的习惯 break the habit 改掉改掉.的习惯的习惯 develop/fo

11、rm the habit of 养成养成.习惯习惯7. But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to the plan.(P21L38)但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇不会惹但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇不会惹 麻烦，一切都按计划进行着。麻烦，一切都按计划进行着。monitor (vt.)1) 利用监听器或监视器来监听、收听、利用监听器或监视器来监听、收听、 收视重要内容，如有关军事、政治或收视重要内容，如有关军事、政治或 非法活动的内容。非法活动的内容。如：如： They

12、have been monitoring the enemys radio broadcasts to try to find out their secret plans. 他们一直在监听敌方的电台广播，设他们一直在监听敌方的电台广播，设 法查探他们的秘密计划。法查探他们的秘密计划。2) 密切监听，监督。密切监听，监督。如：如： The teacher is monitoring an examination. 老师在监考。老师在监考。prove 1) (vt.) 证明，证实证明，证实 He has proved his courage in battles. 他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。

13、他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。 Facts prove that the creative power of people knows no limits. 事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。2) 原来是，证明是原来是，证明是 The method/ drug proved highly effective. 这个方法被证明是非常有效的。这个方法被证明是非常有效的。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见被证实是错的。我的意见被证实是错的。 1. The first thing I did was to see if there were

14、 any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. (P20L11)分析分析a. 本句是一个由本句是一个由but连接的并列句。连接的并列句。b. 第一个分句中，第一个分句中，I did是省略了关系代词是省略了关系代词that的的_；在；在if引导的引导的宾语从句中又有个由宾语从句中又有个由that引导引导的定语从句，修饰的定语从句，修饰 _。c. 第二个分句中，第二个分句中，designed to .是过去分词短语作后是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰置定语，修

15、饰_。定语从句定语从句powdersproductsFive people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. being givenB. is given C. given D. was given 点拨点拨 由逗号之前是一个完整的句子和逗号之后无连接由逗号之前是一个完整的句子和逗号之后无连接词可知词可知,逗号后面不是一个句子逗号后面不是一个句子, 排除排除B、D; 而而 give与与a

16、 title之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故选故选C。2. Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled.分析分析 a. 本句的主干是：本句的主干是：there is some jelly。b. which引导非限制性定语从句，其中引导非限制性定语从句，其中which指代先行词指代先行词 _, 并在从句中并在从句中作主语。作主语。jellyc. when cooled是是“连词连词 + 分词分词”形式，形式，是一种省略，

17、完整的表达是是一种省略，完整的表达是_。英语中，如果状。英语中，如果状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，谓语动词是谓语动词是be时，则常可省略成时，则常可省略成“连连词词 + 分词分词” 形式。形式。“连词连词 + 动词动词-ing形式形式”表示主动；表示主动；“连词连词 + 过去分过去分词词”表示被动。表示被动。when it is cooled3. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有你得到这种承认只有你得到这种承认, 你才

18、能说你是真你才能说你是真正的一个发明家。正的一个发明家。only 修饰状语置于句首，主句需用倒修饰状语置于句首，主句需用倒装语序。装语序。 e.g. Only by working hard can we pass the exams. 4. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has made to find out that your product really is different from everyone elses. 你的产品要经过仔细调查你的产品要经过仔细调查, 证明它确证明它确 实与众不同实与众不同, 你才能获得专利。

19、你才能获得专利。a. 本句的主句本句的主句Nor will you receive a patent是个倒装句，是个倒装句，nor位于句首位于句首时，时， 句子用倒装。句子用倒装。b. 从句是从句是until引导的引导的_。c. 时间状语从句中包含一个由时间状语从句中包含一个由that引引导的宾语从句，作导的宾语从句，作_的宾的宾语。语。时间状语从句时间状语从句find out如果你决定不参加会议，我也不参加。如果你决定不参加会议，我也不参加。_If you decide not to attend the meeting, nor will I. 5. The criteria are so

20、 strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. 分析分析 a. 本句的主句是本句的主句是The criteria are so strict, 从句是从句是that引导的引导的_。b. 从句中从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是_; 该从句中还该从句中还有一个由有一个由unless引导的条件状语从句。引导的条件状语从句。to get new ideas accepted结果状语从句结果状语从句6. In Japan scientists have man

21、aged to produce pigs that have a plant gene inserted into their DNA. 考点考点 inserted into their DNA是过去分词是过去分词短语作短语作_。宾语补足语宾语补足语Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period. A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve 点拨点拨 improve与与her written

22、 English之之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词作宾语补足语。词作宾语补足语。Using language Language Points 1. He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was: “Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you h

23、ave never seen before. Language studyFollow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. All really big discoveries are the result of thought.” (P2) 他认为人应该保持一颗好奇心，他最著名的他认为人应该保持一颗好奇心，他最著名的一名话是一名话是: “偶尔离开平路，去寻求困境。当你偶尔离开平路，去寻求困境

24、。当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”1) dive into He dived into the history of China他潜心研究中国历史。他潜心研究中国历史。He dived into his pockets and fished out one dollar. 他迅速把手伸进口袋掏出了一美元。他迅速把手伸

25、进口袋掏出了一美元。The boy dived into the river from the bridge这男孩从桥上跳人河中。这男孩从桥上跳人河中。dive into 作作 “潜心于潜心于” 讲时和讲时和devote oneself to sth. 的意思一样但的意思一样但devote oneself to sth. 还有还有“投身于投身于; 把把自己奉献给自己奉献给” 的意思。的意思。跳水跳水(头朝下头朝下)；迅速把手伸入；迅速把手伸入； (对对活动，问题等活动，问题等) 全心投入，潜心研究全心投入，潜心研究2）every / each time 意为意为“每次每次; 每当每当”, 此短

26、语在句子中经常此短语在句子中经常作连接词作连接词, 引导时间状语从句做连词的名词引导时间状语从句做连词的名词, 引导时间状语从句。能用做连词的名词短引导时间状语从句。能用做连词的名词短语还有：语还有： the first time 第一次第一次 last time 上次；上次； next time 下次；下次； the instant / moment / minute / second that 一一 就就 _ I see him, the old man is sitting in the same chair. A. Every time B. Every time when C. At

27、 each time D. Each time that 2. Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.(P3L10) 突然间突然间, 他灵光闪现。他灵光闪现。a flash of inspiration 指指“灵感的闪现灵感的闪现”inspiration n. C鼓舞或激励的人或事物鼓舞或激励的人或事物 These events provided the inspiration for her first book. 这些事是她第一本书的灵感来源。这些事是她第一本书的灵感来源。U灵感灵感, 启发；启发； He said my sister was the

28、 inspiration for his heroine. 他说我姐姐是他的女主人公的原型。他说我姐姐是他的女主人公的原型。 draw inspiration from 从从中吸取灵感中吸取灵感 inspire v. 激励；鼓励激励；鼓励 inspired adj. 借助于灵感创作的借助于灵感创作的 inspiring adj. 鼓励人心的；激励的鼓励人心的；激励的3. If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.(P3L10) 如果声波能够

29、在移动的电流中复制如果声波能够在移动的电流中复制, 它们就能够被沿电线传送。它们就能够被沿电线传送。 reproduce vt. 复制复制; 再现再现的形象或的形象或声音声音 The tape recorder reproduced the symphony. 录音机可使这交响曲重现。录音机可使这交响曲重现。current(1) n. 气流气流; 水流水流, 洋流洋流; 电流电流The current is strongest in the middle of the river河中央的水流最急。河中央的水流最急。This button switches the current on这个电钮接

30、通电流。这个电钮接通电流。 (2) adj. 时下的时下的, 当今的当今的, 流行的流行的, 通用的通用的Most of the old are interested in currentevents大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。大部分老年人都对时事感兴趣。They are expecting profits of over $2 million in the current year他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。他们期望今年的利润超过二百万美元。The word is no longer in current use.这个词已不再使用。这个词已不再使用。 4. The patent was

31、 given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant, Watson. (P5) 这项专利是这项专利是1876年发布的，但是贝尔是在年发布的，但是贝尔是在5 天之后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。天之后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。It is/was not until that . 这是强调这是强调not until 引导的时间状语从句句型。引导的时间状语从句句型。如：如：It was not until he fini

32、shed his homework that he went to bed.5. Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.(P6) (四面体四面体)十分稳定牢固十分稳定牢固, 在桥梁设计领在桥梁设计领域的价值难以估量。域的价值难以估量。 Being very stable, 是是Because it is very stable的省略句的省略句, 它在句中作原因它在句中作原因状语。状语。stable: 1. The patients condition is stable. 患者病情稳定。患者病情

33、稳定。2. The ladder doesnt seem very stable. 这架梯子好像不太稳。这架梯子好像不太稳。3.a stable relationship 稳定的关系稳定的关系adj. firmly fixed; not likely to move, change or fail; steady稳固的；稳定的；牢固的稳固的；稳定的；牢固的6. , he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life. (P7L3) practical 实际的实际的; 实践的实践的; 实用的实用的 I want some practical advice. 我想要些实际性的建议。我想要些实际性的建议。 It wouldnt be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend. 我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。 The dictionary is very practical. 这这本本词典非常实用。词典非常实用。