现在完成时(完整版)ppt课件.ppt

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1、现在完成时现在完成时The Present Perfect Tense1.She works in a factory.2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.4.They held a sports meeting last week.5.Are you doing your homework ?过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时名称名称时间时间 动词形式动词形式一般现在时一般现在时平时，经常平时，经常

2、现在进行时现在进行时正在进行正在进行一般将来时一般将来时即将，计划即将，计划 1.will/shall+v原形原形2.am/is/are going to +v原原形形一般过去时一般过去时过去（与现过去（与现在无关）在无关）1.v-ed（规则动词）规则动词）2.不规则动词不规则动词过去进行时过去进行时过去某一时过去某一时间，在进行间，在进行was/were+v-ing1.v原形原形 2. v三单三单am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v原形原形2.be going to +v原形原形1.v-ed（规则动词）规则动词）2.不规则动词不规则动词was/were+v-ing现在完

3、成时现在完成时 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成 现在完成时几种基本句式的构成现在完成时几种基本句式的构成 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 现在完成时的用法及其时间状语现在完成时的用法及其时间状语 延续性动词与非延续性性动词延续性动词与非延续性性动词 与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 have /has been tohave /has been to，have / has gone have / has gone toto，have / has been inhave / has been in的用法区别的用法区别一、现在完成时的构成一、现在完成时的构成 have/has+动词的过

4、去分词（动词的过去分词（done）二、基本句式构成二、基本句式构成 1.肯定句肯定句: 主语主语+have/has+过去分词过去分词+其他其他。 I have seen the film. 2.否定句否定句: 主语主语+have/has+not +过去分词过去分词+其他。其他。 I havent seen the film. 3.一般疑问句一般疑问句 Have/has+ 主语主语+过去分词过去分词+其他其他? Yes, 主语主语+have/has. / No, 主语主语+have/hasnt. Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. / No, I haven

5、t. 改为否定句和一般疑问句并作肯否回答改为否定句和一般疑问句并作肯否回答 I have opened the window练习三、动词的过去分词三、动词的过去分词 动词的过去分词有规则形式动词的过去分词有规则形式和不规则形式两种，规则形式和不规则形式两种，规则形式同过去式的规则形式。不规则同过去式的规则形式。不规则形式需特殊记忆，可分为四类：形式需特殊记忆，可分为四类：AAAAAA型、型、ABBABB型、型、ABCABC型和型和ABAABA型型。不规则动词原型不规则动词原型- -过去式过去式- -过去分词过去分词1 1）AAAAAA型（三种形式都一样型（三种形式都一样） cost-cost-

6、cost hit-hit-hit put-put-put set-set-set2 2）ABBABB型型( (过去式与过去分词相同过去式与过去分词相同) ) buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught find-found-found stand-stood-stood 3 3）ABCABC型（三种都不一样）型（三种都不一样） fly-flew-flown break-broke-broken take-took-taken write-wrote-written 4 4）ABAABA型型( (原形与过去分词相同原形与过去分词相同) ) run-ran-run

7、come-came-come become-became-become 写出下列动词的过去分词写出下列动词的过去分词1.wake _ 8. teach _ 2. sell _9. throw _ 3. ride _ 10. pay _4. choose _ 11. see _5. think _ 12. eat _ 6. drive _ 13. give _7. bring _ 练习练习四、现在完成时的用法四、现在完成时的用法 及其时间状语及其时间状语1 1、表示过去已经发生或完成的动作或状态对现表示过去已经发生或完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果，在造成的影响或结果， ( (汉语中常用汉

8、语中常用“已经已经”、“过过”、“了了”等表达）等表达） 常与常与already, yet ，never, ever, just, before等时间状语连用等时间状语连用。 They have already left. ( (他们已经离开了，人不在这里他们已经离开了，人不在这里) ) I have never heard of him. ( (我从来没有听说过他。对这个人一无所知我从来没有听说过他。对这个人一无所知) )2 2、表示过去已经开始，持续、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段时间段、since+过去的时过去的时间点间点、so fa

9、r等连用等连用。 I have learnt English for three years. 我已经学了三年的英语。我已经学了三年的英语。 (从从3年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学) He has lived in Fuzhou since 2006.（20062006年开始住在年开始住在福州福州，持续到现，持续到现在还在在还在福州福州。）。）注：此种用法中表示持续注：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词延续性动词（否定句除外）（否定句除外）for 和和since的用法的用法 1. for+时间段时间段 He has studied En

10、glish for 3 years.2. since+(1) 过去的时间点过去的时间点(2) 时间段时间段+ago(3) 从句从句 （一般过去时）（一般过去时）Linda has studied Chinese since 2007. Linda has studied Chinese since 5 years ago. Linda has studied Chinese since she was 4 years old.注：对注：对for或或since引导的时间状语引导的时间状语提问，必须用提问，必须用how long, , 不能用不能用when. I have been in Fuzh

11、ou for two months. How long have you been in Fuzhou? Linda has studied Chinese since 5 years ago. How long has Linda studied Chinese ?练习：练习：用用for 或或since 填空填空1. _ two years 2. _ two years ago3. _ last month 4. _19995. Its five years _ we met last time.6. We havent seen each other _ a long time.7. Je

12、rry has worked here _ he came to China.五、延续性动词和非延续性动词五、延续性动词和非延续性动词 动词分为延续性动词动词分为延续性动词和短暂性和短暂性动动词，词， 延延续性动词可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用，非延续性续性动词可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用，非延续性动词则不动词则不行。行。 非非延动词又叫瞬间动词或短暂性动词词，它可以有现在完延动词又叫瞬间动词或短暂性动词词，它可以有现在完成时态，但成时态，但不可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用；不可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用；如果要如果要接一段时间，就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。接一段时间，就必须把它转换

13、成相应的延续性动词。 注注：瞬间动词在完成时态的否定式中可以接一段：瞬间动词在完成时态的否定式中可以接一段时间时间 She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。常用的瞬间动词有：常用的瞬间动词有： 1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe here10 arrivebe here巧记巧记

14、1010个瞬间性动词的转换个瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家” 类似的转换还有类似的转换还有 open - be open finish- be over get married-be married catch a cold-have a cold arrive/reach-be in/at 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但但不能说不能说“He has left for three years.” 另外，还可用其它表示

15、方法，但只适用于部另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的续的动词或者表状态的be+名词形容词或副词名词形容词或副词介词短语等。介词短语等。1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow come/go /become have have a coldkeepbe2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party member

16、be a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the army.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book

17、three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句be in schoolbe in the army自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书. I have kept the book since last week.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the book last week.I became a student tw

18、o years ago. Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我们上了我们上了8年学了。年学了。We have been students for eight years.下课下课10分钟了分钟了 The class has been over for

19、 ten minutes.9.电影开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour.练习练习: :1.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days a

20、go. He_here since three days ago.5. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.判断正误：判断正误：1.1.我买了这台电脑五年了。我买了这台电脑五年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. 2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了这位老人已经死了十年了。 The old man has died for ten years. The old m

21、an has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.六、与一般过去时的用法比较六、与一般过去时的用法比较1 1、二者都是说过去的事情，、二者都是说过去的事情，一般过去时一般过去时单纯叙单纯叙述过去的动作或事情，述过去的动作或事情，强调动作强调动作，与现在无关；，与现在无关；现在完成现在完成时时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，影响或结果，强调的是强调的是现在的情况现在的情况 。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。） I have s

22、een this film.（强调对现在的影响，电强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）影的内容已经知道了。）2.2.当句中有表示当句中有表示过去某一特定时过去某一特定时间间的状语时，不用现在完成时，的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时而用一般过去时: : 注：常注：常与与一般过去时一般过去时连用表连用表示过去示过去时间的状语时间的状语: :上一页下一页yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(前天前天),just now(刚才刚才)， 时时间间+ ago（.前）前）last +时间时间 In 1980eg: We have finished

23、our homework last night (错) We finished our homework last night . (对)主菜单3.3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如续性的，如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用非持续性动词一般过去时常用非持续性动词, , 如：如：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。练习练习：The foreigher came to J

24、iNan ten days ago.(.(变成现在变成现在完成时完成时) )The film has been on for 20 minutes. ( (变成一般过去时变成一般过去时) )用所给单词的正确形式填空用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Mary_(lose) her pen. 七、七、have /has bee

25、n to、 have / has gone to 、 have / has been in 的用法区别的用法区别have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾经到过某地曾经到过某地”，说话时此人，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已经去某地了已经去某地了”，说话时，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。 have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了”练习：练习：用用have/has been to, have

26、/has been in或或have/has gone to填空填空1.- Where is your brother? - He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2.- _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ New York twice.3. We _ this class since last week.4. - How long _ you _ China? - Two years.用用have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.Mike and his parents _ the

27、north for half a year.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.3._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.4.Where _ you _ these days?5.Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days.6.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave

28、beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3

29、.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time

30、.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two yea

31、rs.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单1. The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, n

32、ot at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been plann

33、ing D have been planning 6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such

34、 an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts 、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。

35、5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8. 自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了他离开中国三年了 1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book. 3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this mo

36、vie yet?6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week.8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years.10 He has been away China for three years.一看时间状语一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：般过去时。如：I hav

37、e visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时现在完成时；但；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时一般过去时。如：。如：Have you had your breakfast? Yes, I have.When did you have it? At seven thir

38、ty.三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.注意：注意： 这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：具体情况具体分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?