小学pep英语语法总复习ppt课件.pptx

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1、小学英语小学英语语法专项复习语法专项复习蛟河市红星小学 李景艳一、名词二、代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、there be结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1. 一般现在时2. 一般过去时3. 现在进行时4. 一般将来时十一、“wh”“how” 引导的特殊疑问句小学英语小学英语语语 法法一、名词一、名词名词名词具体名词具体名词抽象名词抽象名词普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词个体名词个体名词集体名词集体名词名词名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词单数单数复数复数名词复数形式的构成名词复数形式的构成形式变化规则发音例词一般情况+s1. 清辅音

2、结尾的名词后s2. 浊辅音结尾的名词后z；3. 元音结尾的名词后z;books, cupsdogs, , armsdays, players以-s,-sh, -ch, -x, 结尾的名词+esizbuses, dishes, boxes, watches,以-o结尾的有生命力的名词+esztomatoes, potatoes，以元音字母o结尾的名词+szphotos, pianos以辅音字母加y结尾的名词把y改成i再加eszstories, babies以f和fe结尾的大多数名词把f或fe改成v再加eszleaves, knives不规则名词的复数不规则名词的复数1.由元音字母的变化构成：由元

3、音字母的变化构成：man-men, tooth-teeth, foot-feet,woman-women2. 有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样： Japanese,Chinese,sheep, deer 3.特殊变化：特殊变化：child-childrenPractice1. peach_ 2. potato _3. class _4. box _5. story _6. woman _7. house _8. photo _9. monkey _10. leaf _11. mouse _12. foot _13. child _14.sheep _pea

4、chespotatoesclassesboxesstorieswomenhousesphotosmonkeysleavesmicefeetchildrensheep小学英语小学英语语语 法法二、代词二、人称代词+物主代词主格： I we you she he it they宾格： me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 我我/我们我们你你/你们你们她她/他他/它它/他们他们后跟名词后跟名词能够在句子中独立作能够在句子中

5、独立作主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语Practice1. _(她) is my sister. 2. She often plays sports with _ (她) father.3. Please send _(我)an email soon.4. How can _(我们) get there?Let _(我们) ask _(他) .5. _(他) has glasses, _(他的) shoes are black.6. Can you help _(我) with _(我的) English.7. _(你) must keep _(你的) room clean。8. _(他们)

6、are new shoes.Can I try _(它们) on ?9.Whose coat is this ? -Its _ (我的).10. _ （我们的）（我们的）books are new,these are _ (他们的) .ShehermeweushimHeHismemyYouyourTheythemmineOurtheirs所有格所有格所有格的形式所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加单数人称名词末尾加 sMike-Mikes不规则的复数人称名词末尾不规则的复数人称名词末尾加加 s children-childrens以以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾结尾的复数人称名词末尾加加 girls-

7、girls以以-s结尾的一些人名末尾结尾的一些人名末尾加加 s James-Jamessof 所有格所有格表示无生命的名词一般与表示无生命的名词一般与of构成短语，表示构成短语，表示所属关系。所属关系。of 所有格翻译时英汉顺序不同所有格翻译时英汉顺序不同“A of B”要翻译为要翻译为“B的的A”。如：如：a picture of Beijing 一幅北京的图画一幅北京的图画 s结构也可以用于结构也可以用于 “of”结构之后，如：结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers , 出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：一个限

8、定词，又如：a friend of yours, a cousin of hers等等。等等。小学英语小学英语语语 法法三、冠词冠词不定冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词单数可数名词复数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词不可数名词不定冠词不定冠词a/an的用法：的用法：1.表示表示“一一”，“任何一个任何一个”或或“不管哪一个不管哪一个”的意思。的意思。 I have a sister and two brothers.2. 在某些度量表示法中：在某些度量表示法中： We have PE lessons three times a w

9、eek.3. 用在单数的名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。用在单数的名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。 Mike wants to be a teacher.4. 在以在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。 What a pretty girl !5. 一些常用短语中。一些常用短语中。 have a good time, half an hour. 定冠词定冠词the的用法：的用法：1.用来表示用来表示“独一无二独一无二”的意思。的意思。 The sun rises in the east . 2. 表示表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物说

10、话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。 There is a boat in the river. The boat is small.3. 用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。 The letter from America.4. 用在泛指的乐器名词前。用在泛指的乐器名词前。 He plays the piano.5. 一些常用短语。一些常用短语。 by the way, in the morning .1. There is _eraser on my desk. _ eraser is new.2. There is _bottle on the table.

11、 _ water in it is sweet.3. Mikes mother is _English teacher. She works in _university.4. China is _ ancient country with _ long history. 5 . Last year ,to _Great Wall with my sister.6_sun rises in the east7.Three meals_day.8.I can see _moon at_nightPracticeantheaTheanaanatheTheathe/小学英语小学英语语语 法法四、动词

12、四、动词四、动词 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。 小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、动词、bebe动词、情态动词动词、情态动词cancan等。等。Be动词am, is, arewas, werePractice1. He _ very good at English. 2. My father and I _ going to Beijing next month. 3. _ you on duty the day before yesterday?

13、 4. Mr. King _ in London two weeks ago. 5. There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo. 6. What _ the date yesterday? 7. Look! A little girl _ flying a kite. 8. Who _ not at school last Monday? 9. They _ in the hospital last night.10. I _ not a nurse. isareWerewasarewasiswasweream动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现

14、在分词studystudiesstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddoinghavehashadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearning第三人称单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+sworks, learns, eats, needs结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses, washes, teaches, goes, fixes结尾为辅音字母+y变y为i+escarries, studies, flies, hurries, cries 动词动词be和和have的第三人称单数现在式的第三人称单数现在式分别是分别是is和和has。动词的

15、过去式构成规则变化规则例词一般情况+edwork-worked play-played结尾是e的+dlive-lived hope-hoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节的词先双写这个辅音字母再+edstop-stopped trip-tripped结尾是辅音字母+y先变y为i 再+edstudy-studied worry-worried英语中动词变为过去式的不规则变化的规律1. 把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变如becomebecame, comecame2把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringra

16、ng，singsang，sitsat，swimswam ，3把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，winwon，writewrote4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot5动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept6. 动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood7改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew8动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式如：

17、breakbroke，speakspoke9动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold10以ought和aught结尾，且读音是 :t的过去式。如：buybought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould12在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如： hearheard saysaid 13动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：cutcut, hurthurt, letlet putput，readread，

18、setset14. 不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，leaveleft，loselost，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw， smellsmelt，taketook wakewoke，wearwore现在分词情况变化规则例词一般情况+ingdoing, asking, helping以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加inghaving, taking, writing, livi

19、ng以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ingrunning, swimming, putting, sitting原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have givegetread sleepplay carry hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsleepssleptsleepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractice小学英语小学英语语语 法法五、动词的时态五、动词的时态 动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表

20、示方式动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式的一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：小学阶段所学的时态有：1.一般现在时：work/works2. 现在进行时：am/is/are working3. 一般过去时：worked4. 一般将来时：am/is/are going to work will + work一般现在时 通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。或目前的状态。 常与时间副词连用常与时间副词连用：always, often, usually, every, on Sundays, twice a week等。等。基本结

21、构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I work.We work.I dont work.We dont work.Do I work?Do we work?You work.You dont work.Do you work?They work.They dont work.Do they work?SheHe works.ItSheHe doesnt work.It sheDoes he work? it现在进行时 通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与

22、现在进行时有关的词有：常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now, now, look, listenlook, listen等等。基本结构基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I am working.We are working.Im not working.Were not working.Am I working?Are we working?You are working.You arent working.Are you working?They are working.They arent working.Are they working?SheHe is working.ItSheHe is

23、nt working.It sheIs he working? it一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, last, ago, just now, in 1998等。等。基本结构基本结构肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句I worked.We worked.I didnt work.We didnt work.Did I work?Did we work?You worked.You didnt wo

24、rk.Did you work?They worked.They didnt work.Did they work? She He worked. ItSheHe didnt work.It sheDid he work? it一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next, this evening.Be going to do表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示某事；也可以表示“预见预见”，即现在已有迹象表明，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即

25、将发生某种情况。将要发生或即将发生某种情况。基本结构基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句Im going to work.Were going to work.Im not going to work.We arent going to work.Am I going to work?Are we going to work?Youre going to work.You arent going to work.Are you going to work?Theyre going to work.They arent going to work.Are they going to work?SheH

26、e is going to work.ItSheHe isnt going to work.It sheIs he going to work? it1. Peter _ (play) basketball twice a week.2. I _(live)in the village when I was a child. 3. Look! The cat _ (sleep) in the sofa.4. There _(be) a book and two pens on the desk.5. _you _(see ) a film tomorrow morning? 6. She _(

27、not play) the guitar at the moment.7. What _his father usually _(do) in the evening ?8. They _ ( have ) a meeting next week, arent they? 9. Both he and I _ (be) teachers. 10. I _ (not feel ) very well yesterday .11. He put on his coat and _ (go) out.12. He often _ (have) dinner at school. Next Sunda

28、y, we _ (visit) the Great Wall.14. Hurry! Your mother _ (wait) for you at the school gate.Practiceplayslivedis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdoesdoare going to havearedidnt feelwenthasare going to visitis waiting小学英语小学英语语语 法法六、介词六、介词六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能

29、单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位介词方位介词in, on, at, under, to, behind, beside, near, before, in front of, next to, between时间介词时间介词in, on, at, after, before, fromto, past, between 其它其它of, by, with, into, out of, for, Practi

30、ce1. Look _ the picture. Its a picture_ my school. 2. There is a school building _ my school. It has five floors.there is a big playground. _school, the children always play games there. 3. My classroom is_ the fifth floor. 4. Miss Li comes _ school early every morning. She comes _bus. she does morn

31、ing exercises _us. Tomorrow is her birthday. We will make a card _ her. 5. There are some apples _ the tree. 6. Wheres your study? Its next _ my bedroom.7. The car _ the tree is Jacks. 8. The ball is_ the door, so you cant see it.9. _ _ _the house, there are many trees. 10. Listen! Someone is knocki

32、ng _the door.11. There is something wrong _ my computer.atofinAfterontobywithforontounderbehindIn front ofatwith小学英语小学英语语语 法法七、数词七、数词1.1.表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目的词称为基数词2.2.表示数目顺序的词称为序数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词1. 112的基数词的基数词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319的基数词：的基数词： thirteen

33、, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090的基数词：的基数词： twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2129的基数：的基数： twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine -teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号十位数和个位数之间要加连字符

34、号“-”1. 英语序数词第英语序数词第1-19除了除了first, second与与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀基数词加后缀-th构成。构成。 注意：注意：fifth, eighth, ninth和和twelfth的拼法。的拼法。2. 十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的中的y变为变为i，然后加后缀然后加后缀-eth,如：如： twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序

35、的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用数词，中间用“-”连字符。如：连字符。如： twenty-fourth, ninety-fifth 基数词变序数词的口诀：基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律，基变序，有规律，1,2,3特殊记；特殊记；th从从4起，起，8少少t, 9去去e,ve要用要用f替；替；ty几十变几十变y为为ie，然后再加，然后再加th;若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。1. There are _seasons in a year. 2. There are_days in a week. 3. Fathers Day is on th

36、e _Sunday of June. 4. The _day of a week is Monday .5. I live on the _(4) floor.6. We are in Class_（3）. 7. There are _（12）months of the year. 8. This is my_（1）bag. 9. My birthday is Dec._（21）. 10. Today is my _ (11) birthday .fourseventhirdsecondfourththeretwelvefirst21steleventhPractice小学英语小学英语语语 法

37、法八、形容词和副词八、形容词和副词形容词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副词副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。句的词。1. He is a good student.2. The film is very interesting.3. Lucy is older than Helen.1.The problem is very difficult.2. He wrote the letters carefully.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况比较级最高级一般情况+er, 如：taller,

38、longer, faster, sooner+est, 如：tallest, longest, fastest, soonest以e结尾的词+r, 如：later, nicer, larger+st, 如：latest, nicest, largest以重读闭音节结尾的词双写最后一个字母，再+er, 如: bigger, fatter双写最后一个字母，再+est，如：biggest, fattest以辅音字母加y结尾的词把 y 改 为 i 再 + e r, 如 ：busier, earlier把y改为i再+est, 如：busiest, earliest大部分多音节词在前面加more, 如：m

39、ore careful, 在前面加most, 如：most careful, 不规则的词：good/well, many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further比较级的用法1. 用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比比更更一些一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词的意思，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：Helen is taller than

40、Lucy.He got more information than I did.He runs faster than I.比较级的用法2. 为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较双重比较”的方的方法，这种结构后面不可跟法，这种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。如：引导的比较状语从句。如：He is crying harder and harder.Our country gets more and more beautiful.Computers are getting smaller and smaller, and computing fa

41、ster and faster.Practice1. Shanghai is _than Beijing. It is _ city in our country. (large) 2.9. Im _(tall )and _ (heavy)than you. 3. Mary draws as _ as Bill, and she is much _ than him at singing. (well, good) 4. Spring is coming. The weather is getting _ and _.(warm) 5._Look! How _ Kitty is ! (happ

42、y)6. It is a little _ today than yesterday. (wet) 7. Mrs Brown is much _ than Mr Brown. (healthy) 8. Which do you like _, basketball, volleyball, or football? (well) largerthe largesttallerheavierwellbetterwarmerwarmerhappywetterhealthierbest小学英语小学英语语语 法法九、There be句型There be 的结构肯定句：肯定句： There is/was

43、 a There are/were 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Is/Was there ? Yes, there is/was. No, there isnt/was. Are there? Yes, there are/were. No, there arent/werent.否定句：否定句： There isnt/wasnt . There arent/werent.There be表示表示 “存在有存在有”,即当我们告诉某人某事存在即当我们告诉某人某事存在(或不或不存在存在)常用这种结构。其中常用这种结构。其中there是引导词是引导词,本身无词义本身无词义;be为谓为谓语动词语动词,后面跟

44、的是名词后面跟的是名词,也就是主语也就是主语,也就是说也就是说there be结构结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在there be 之之后。后。 There be 的结构1.Some 和和 any 一般情况下，一般情况下， some用于肯定句中，用于肯定句中， any用于否定句中。如：用于否定句中。如： There is some milk in the bottle. There arent any pictures on the wall. Is there anything new in todays newspaper?3. 特殊

45、疑问句：特殊疑问句：1) Whats in the basket? There are some eggs in it.2) How many students are there in your class? There are fifty students.2. Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则：动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则： There is a pen and two pencils in the box. There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.4. There be+no+可数名词复数可数名词复数/不可数名词不可

46、数名词 a/an+可数名词可数名词 =There be +not+ any+可数名词复数可数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词=Practice1There _ no tea in the cup Ais Bare Chas 2There is _ “f”and _ “u”in the word“four” Aan；a Ba；a Can；an3There is some _on the plate Aapple Bbread Csandwich 4There _ some paper and a pen on the desk Ais Bare Chave 5Theres going to _ i

47、n tomorrows newspapers Ahave something new Bhave new something Cbe something new 6There is some milk in the bottle， _ ？ Aisnt there Barent there Cisnt it 7 _ are there on the table？ AHow many apples BHow much bread CHow much breads 8There is _ old woman in the car A Ba Can AABACAAC小学英语小学英语语语 法法十、“Wh

48、”的特殊疑问句“Wh”的疑问句1. What1) Whats this/that? 2) Whats your name? 3) What are you doing? 4) What do you like/need? 5) What did you do? 6) What is his job? 7) What do you usually do on the weekend? 8) What are you going to do? 9) What colour is it? 10) Whats the weather like? 11) What time is it? Whats t

49、he time? 12) What day is it? Whats the date? 13) What would you like? 13) What can you see? 14) What subjects do you have this term? 15) What lessons do you have in the morning?“Wh”的疑问句2. How 1) How are you? 2) How old are you? 3) How do we go to the park? 4) How many apples can you see? 5) How much

50、 are they? 6) How about? 7) How do you spend your weekends? 8) How far? How long? How often? 3. Who Who is that? Whos that boy in/with?“Wh”的疑问句4. Whose 1)Whose is this bike? 2)Whose bike is this? 3) Whose bag is bigger, yours or mine?5. Which 1) Which one? 2) Which is longer, yours or mine? 3) Which