中考英语被动语态专题复习学案.docx

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1、 被动语态专项训练 1、 本节内容（presentation）（25-30mins） 被动语态的用法主动句与被动句的关系主动句：动作的执行者（主语） + 谓语动词 + 动作的承受者（宾语）被动句：动作的承受者（主语）+ be + 动词的过去分词 + by + 动作的执行者注意: (1)有时 by短语可以省略。(2)主动句的时态是由谓语动词来体现的，而被动句的时态是由be动词来体现的。掌握了被动句的基本结构和主、被动句的相互转换关系，在考试中就可以不变应万变。被动语态结构一般现在时的被动语态：amisare done一般过去时的被动语态：waswere done现在进行时的被动语态：amisar

2、e being done过去进行时的被动语态：was / were being done现在完成时的被动语态：have has been done过去完成时的被动语态：had been done一般将来时的被动语态：will be done am(is,are) going to be done过去将来时的被动语态：would be done was(were) going to be done含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be done重点难点：双宾语：“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,有两种变法。 His teacher gave him a dictionary.人：He was

3、given a dictionary by his teacher.(间接宾语做主语)物：A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(直接宾语主语) （需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语)。【例题】She bought me a present.（改为被动结构） A present_ _ _me by her. Keys:was bought for重难点总结：1)间接宾语（人）做主语，变被动语态时没有 to,for ; 直接宾语（物）主语，变被动语态时要用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语2)常见接双宾语的动词有：give,borrow , b

4、uy, lend , show,tell , pass, offer, build, bring, teach,leave, sell 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。eg:I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） 【例题】He makes the girl stay at home.（改为被动结构） The g

5、irl_ _ _stay at home. Keys: is made to 有这种用法的常用动词有：使役动词make , let ,have。感官动词 see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。 be +过去分词特殊用法 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之由过去分词来充当表语）。”比较：（1） （2）【例题】The library_from 9 oclock to five oclock eveyday.A.opens B.is opened C.is open D.open Keys:C 不及物动词和短语只有及物动

6、词和可接宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。eg： 原则上，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但是，许多不及物动词加上介词或者副词，变成及物动词短语，也可以用于被动语态。但是即后面的介词或副词不能丢掉。 eg:We should speak to old people politely. （改为被动结构） Old people should be spoken to politely by us. 【例题】She will take good care of the children（改为被动结构） The children will _ _ _ _ _ by her Keys: be taken

7、good care of 主动表被动1） wash, wear, sell, write, drive,clean,read,cook,cut等。eg:This kind of cloth washes well./This book sells well. /The pen writes very smoothly.2） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。 eg:My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired. eg:The book is worth

8、reading. 补充：want/ need/ require +doing 相当于want/ need/ require+ to be done. to be done3）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood（使别人能听见/理解自己）等。 eg:She raised her voice to make us hear clearly. 不用于被动语态1) 不及物动词或不及物动词短语： appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, happen，break out, come true, take place. 2) 系动词无被动语态,如appear

9、, be ,become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。eg:It sounds good./The flower smells sweet./The watch looks good. 特殊句式在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示 据说It is said that 据报导 It is reported that 据推测 It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well kn

10、own that 普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 2、 课堂练习（practice）（20-35mins）I. Complete the following sentences as required（根据所给要求完成句子）（错误率： 掌握情况： ）1. They of

11、ten clean their classrooms after school. (改为被动语态) Their classrooms _often _by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week. (改为被动语态) Tom_ _ a new pen by Li Lei last week.A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week by Li Lei. 3. A lot of people in China can speak English now. (改为被动语态) English _ _ _ by

12、 a lot of people in China now. 4.We have done many things to protect our environment. (改为被动语态)Many things_ _ _to protect our environment .5.They will publish these story-books next month. (改为被动语态)These story-books _ _ _ next month. 6. The workers will widen some roads in our city next year. (改为被动语态)

13、 Some roads will _ _ in our city next year.7.He said he would plant some trees the next year. (改成被动语态) He said some trees _ _ _by him.8.People in our village threw away a great number of plastic bags last year. (被动语态)A great number of plastic bags_ _away in our village last year.9.A Dutch artist Flo

14、rentijin Hofman had designed the famous big yellow rubber duck.(改为被动语态)The famous big yellow rubber duck_ _ _by a Dutch artist Florentijin Hofman.10. We dont allow people to smoke anywhere in the building. (改为被动语态)People to smoke anywhere in the building.Keys:1.are cleaned 2.was given/was given to 3

15、.can be spoken 4.has been done 5.will be published 6.be widened 7.would be planted 8.were thrown 9.had been designed 10.are allowed II. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)（错误率： 掌握情况： ）1. Ben _ ill for about a week. Lets go to see him together. A) has fallenB) has felt C) has comeD) has been2. Emotional

16、 (心理) support _to people with health problems in this area recently. A) provides B)is provided C)has provided D) has been provided 3. Storm Sandy_thousands of cars so a number of Thanksgiving travelers failed to rent(租) a car. A) had damaged B) is damagingC) will damage D) has damaged4.I _ the new d

17、etective story, so I dont know anything about it.A) dont read B) havent read C) wont read D) hadnt read5.Itll be a great honour if I _ to the charity evening party next week.A) inviteB) will inviteC) will be invitedD) am invited6.Alice, you _ on the phone now, please come to my office as quickly as

18、possible. A) want B) are wanting C) are wanted D) have wanted7.The Greens didnt catch the train. When they got to the station, the train_. A) left B) was left C) has left D) had left8. They _in Beijing for the meeting for another three days.A) have stayed B) stayed C) are staying D) will stay9. The

19、famous singer _ from his hometown for nearly five years. A) leftB) went awayC) has beenD) has been away10.The European Union _ the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize on Oct. 12, 2012.A) awardsB) is awardedC) awardedD) was awarded11. She didnt go to see the film Lost in Thailand (泰囧)with us because she _ it alre

20、ady. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen12. By 5 oclock yesterday afternoon, we _ more than 3,500 yuan at the charity sale. A) collectedB) have collectedC) would collectD) had collected13. Lei Feng _ for his warm heart and kind deeds. We should learn from him.A) knowsB) is knownC) was knownD) has

21、 known14. I felt very nervous on the plane because I _ before.A) hadnt flownB) havent flown C) didnt fly D) wouldnt fly15. When the parents arrived, the students _ their classrooms. A) have cleaned B) had cleaned C) cleaned D) are cleaning16.Xi Jinping _ president of the Peoples Republic of China (P

22、RC) in March, 2013. A) electB) is electedC) electedD) was elected17. The 22nd Winter Olympics will _ in Sochi early this year.A) be held B) held C) hold D) being held18. Nowadays Chinese _ in quite a few countries such as Singapore, South Korea, Japan, etc.A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. is spoken

23、19. We will shorten the communicating time after the new bridge_.A) will completeB) completes C) will be completedD)is completed20. Im glad youve come back from the United States. Please tell me how long you _there. A) have stayed B)had stayed C)have been staying D)stayedkeys：1-5 DCABD 6-10 CDDDD 11-15 DDBAB 16-20 DADDD