风格与翻译ppt课件.ppt

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1、风格与翻译我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物正式语体和非正式语体。正式语体和非正式语体。“风格的区分风格的区分”包括词汇和句子两个层次的风格包括词汇和句子两个层次的风格韵律比较。韵律比较。v词汇层次比较可以通过三个方面：词汇层次比较可以通过三个方面：我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物1、词源：拉丁语词源法语词源英语词源（“”表示正式程度更高）ConflagrationflamefirevTre

2、pidationterrorfearvDiminutivepetitesmall/littlevConsecratedsacredholy我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vAscendmountrisevIngestdineeatvCommencebeginvConcludeendvEmploymentjob我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物2、语域：专业词汇日常词汇，诗体词汇、古语词汇普通

3、词汇vStanza(professional)partvProtagnist(professional)leading role/figurevPuissant(poetic)strong/powerful我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vPlaint(poetic)complaintvHoarfrosty(archaic)hoary; hoarvMaiden(poetic)girlvSlumbersleepvYonder(archaic)over there我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖

4、的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vDepartleavevApprehensivescaredvExplodeblowvResignquitvFatiguedtiredvfailflunk我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物法律合同中常见的正式词汇(括号内为一般用词和中文的翻译)miscellaneous(other matters其他事宜)vrescind(cancel撤销)vprior to(before在之前)vobl

5、igation(duty责任义务)vcertify(prove证明)vexpiry(end期满)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vcommence （ begin开始)vinform(tell告知)vrevise(correctchange修正)vproceed(go进行)vconsent(agreement同意)vdeem(think认为)vrender(give给予)vrescind(cancel撤销)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也

6、感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物v（孔乙己）直起身子看一看豆，自己摇头说：“不多不多，多乎哉？不多也！”vThen straightening up to look at the peas again, he would shake his head.” Not much! Verily! Not much, forsooth!”（杨宪益译）vThen hed straighten up, wag his head from side to side as though intoning the classics and say: “Few be my beans. Hath

7、 the gentleman many? Nay, he hath hardly any.” (Willian Lyell)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物3、形态：单个动词短语动词vEncountercome acrossvInvestigatelook intovTolerateput up withvParticipatetake part invUtilize Make good use of vSurrenderturn in我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这

8、样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物完全形式缩略形式vAdvertisementadvTelevisionTVvSubway/submarinesubvLaboratorylabvCannotcant vI amImvIt is its我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物严格的一致关系(concord)不严格的一致关系vEveryone should do his best. (formal)vEveryone should do their best

9、. (informal)vIm surprised at his making such a foolish mistake. (formal)vIm surprised at him making such a foolish mistake. (informal)vHe speaks French better than I do. (formal)vHe speaks French better than me. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物表示方式的介词短语单

10、个副词vHe speaks in a halting way. (formal)vHe speaks haltingly. (informal)vHe spoke confidently. (informal)vHe spoke in a confident way. (formal)vHe spoke with confidence. (formal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物句子层次比较可以通过几个方面：v1、阅读A Communicative Grammar of English

11、 (Leech & Svartvik,1975)，熟记连词、介词的风格差异vLeech, G. & Svartvik, J. (1975). A Communicative Grammar of English. London: Longman.我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物比如vnotwithstandingdespite (in spite of )though；vin order thatin order toso as to；vprovided that / on conditio

12、n that so long as von account that on account of because我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物2、强调前置的倒装语序普通语序vHad I known this before, I would have told you earlier. (formal)vIf I had had known, I would have told you earlier. (informal)vGo I cant. (formal)I cant go. (in

13、formal)vYield he would not. (formal) He would not yield (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vAlso discussed was a revenue-raising proposal to hike the fuel tax. (formal)vA revenue-raising proposal was also discussed to hike the fuel tax. (informal)vOut was t

14、he nail taken. (formal)vThe nail was taken out. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物3、分词或名词构成的独立结构由连词引导的从句vFeeling tired, John went to bed early. (formal)vJohn went to bed early because he felt tired. (formal)vJohn felt tired, so he went to bed early. (infor

15、mal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vThe weather having improved, we decided to go swimming. (formal)vSince the weather had improved, we decided to go swimming. (informal)vBeing a man of fixed views, he refused to listen to our arguments. (formal)vAs he was a man

16、of fixed views, he refused to listen to our arguments. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vChild that he was, he did not believe what was told. (formal)vAlthough he was a child , he didnt believe what was told. (informal)vDifficult that the task was, they m

17、anaged to accomplish it in time. (formal)vAlthough the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it in time. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物4、it起始的叙述结构(如It is noted that) 普通叙述结构vIt has been noted with concern that the stocks of books in the library

18、 has been declining alarmingly. (formal)vThe number of books in the library has been going down. (informal)vIt was argued that the Sun was the center of the universe. (formal)vThey said the Sun was the center of the universe. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个

19、活的生物5、用虚拟语气、被动语态表示的请求陈述语气、主动语态的请求vCould I suggest that the meeting be postpone until tomorrow? (formal)vI suggest the meeting postponing until tomorrow. (informal)vCould you possibly go out for a while? (formal)vPlease go out. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一

20、个活的生物vPlease gather at the gate of the school. (informal)vThe students are requested to gather at the gate of the school. (formal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物6、（表示动作或状态的）名词化结构动词结构vRectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge. (formal)vYou ca

21、n rectify this fault if you insert a wedge. (informal)vThis leads to our pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. (formal)vWe are both pleasant and shocked to know many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西

22、，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物7、介词置于wh-形式前介词置于wh-形式后vWith what did your write it? (formal)vWhat did you write it with? (informal)vTo whom are you writing? (formal)vWho are you writing to? (informal)vShe longed for a friend in whom she could confide. (formal)vShe longed for a frien

23、d (who) she could confide. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物8.称呼语vWhen his father died, Peter had to get another job. (informal)vAfter his fathers death, Peter had to change his job. (informal)vOn the decease of his father, Mr. Brown was obliged to seek a

24、lternative employment. (formal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物“五只钟五只钟”(five clocks)v凝固体凝固体(frozen)正式体正式体(formal)商洽商洽体体(consultative)随意体随意体(casual)亲亲密体密体(intimate)。vJoos, M. 1961. The Five Clocks. New York & London: Harcout Brace Jovanovich.我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么

25、把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物v凝固体(frozen): legal documentsv正式体(formal): letter of recommendation; accountant, educational, psychological works; scientific worksv商洽体(consultative): news report; ordinary literaturev随意体(casual): letter/email to a good friendv亲密体(intimate): talk to a clo

26、se friend我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物不同场景下使用的开场白语言不同场景下使用的开场白语言 （注意（注意四种风格）四种风格）vMadame chairman , Mrs vice-president, honored guests, faculty and friends:v I feel most deeply honored to have been invited to speak to such an illustrious gathering tonight and t

27、o be given the privilege of representing my distinguished colleagues, especially Dr Monrovia, who has been engaged in a very demanding research project in the field of sociolinguistics, an area of study which we feel has great potential for your profession also. (Frozen)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样

28、一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vLadies and gentlemen,v I m exceedingly grateful to have been asked by our chairman , Dr Jean Monrovia, to present our recent findings on the topic of “Research and Developments in Sociolinguistics”, and hope it will prove useful to those of you engaged in teac

29、hing English. (Formal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vGood evening, Friends,vOur chairman , Jean Monrovia, asked me to share some of my current research in sociolinguistics, and I hope it will be useful to you in your English classes next week. (Casual)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多

30、么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物v Hi, everyone,v Jean asked me to come on over and rap a bit about the stuff Im into in sociolinguistics. Maybe itll help in teaching those English classes, and I hope you wont be turned off with some of the technical jargon and stuff. (intim

31、ate)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物v我儿子是拉洋车的。vMy son is a rickshaw-boy.vMy son pulls a rickshaw.vMy son is a riskshawman by trade.我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物正式句子往往在长度上更长。如：vI require your attendance to be punctual. (formal

32、)vI want your to come on time. (informal)vA not inconsiderable amount of time was expended on the task. (formal)vThe job took a long time. (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vI apprehend an atmosphere of spontaneous delight with your arrival. (formal)vAwful

33、ly nice to see you here . (informal)vCould I have your attention, please? (formal)vYou guys shut up! (informal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vIm terribly sorry to interrupt , but I wonder if you would be so kind as to lower your voices a little.vWill you belt up

34、 !我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Wrong style mixingvHe mounted the gee-gee.vHe got on the steed.vIt was extremely gracious of you to invite me, Lady Jones, and Ive had bags of fun 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Compare the sty

35、lesvSteed(poetic)vHorses(general)vnag(slang) vGee-gee(baby language)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vdomicile(very formal, official)vresidence(formal)vabode(poetic)vhome(generall)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vCast (literary,

36、biblical)vFling (literary)vThrow (general)vChuck (casual, slang)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vdiminutive(very formal)vtiny(colloquial)vwee(colloquial, dialectal)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vThey chucked a stone at the cop

37、s , and then did a bunk with the loot.vAfter casting a stone at the police , they absconded with the money, 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vPeters wife was very angry when he came home with the girl from the discotheque. vPeters old woman hit the roof when he cam

38、e home with that doll from the disco.我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Announcement from the librarian vIt has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly, students are requested to remind the themselves of the rules

39、for the borrowing and returning of books and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.vThe number of books in the library has been going down . Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing, and dont forget that the library

40、is for everyones convenience. So from now on , were going to enforce the rules strictly. You have been warned!我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物v近日切查图书馆之图书锐减。诸位同学请注意借还书之制度，切记其他同学（学友）之需求。逾期不还者将严惩不迨。v图书馆的书一天比一天少了。请大家搞清楚借书的制度，别忘了，图书馆是为大伙儿提供方便的。从现在起，我们就要严格执行制度哪！大家都知道了吧！

41、（别忘哪！大家一定得注意哪！）我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vAs Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honour for his valour;

42、 and death for his ambition.v【译文】 因为凯撒爱我，我为他哭泣；因为他幸运，我为他高兴；因为他英勇，我对他尊崇；但因为他有野心，我就刺杀了他。用眼泪汇报他的爱；用欢乐庆祝他的幸运；用尊崇纪念他的英勇；而用刺杀制止他的野心。我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物vLike my friend, I now have an alternative to complaining. When Im bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and doodle for an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees.v【译文】 同有位朋友一样，我现在不再抱怨，而是去做一些别的事情。在生活中感到厌倦时，我就拿起铅笔，到后院里随便涂鸦个把小时，画画树林的速写，尽量画得看上去像是树林。