西方翻译理论解析ppt课件.ppt

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1、我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Literal or free translation?Schleiermachers theorizationVictorian controversy 4. Bible translations我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活

2、的生物 Cicero opposed word-for-word translation and underlined that translators should not act “as an interpreter, but as an orator, keeping the same ideas and the forms”. The popularity of a translation rests on its capture of the original style and force instead of indiscriminate representation, and

3、it should not be counted out “to the readers like coins” but be paid “by weight”.我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Horace did not think it necessary to “worry about rendering word for word”. He would rather “render sense for sense”. He favored a translators faithfu

4、lness and objected to word-for-word transfer. ？In the last Chinese paragraph in p. 7 of the handout , there are three reasons for flexible methods in ancient Rome. What are they? 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 a Christian ascetic and Biblical scholar He translat

5、ed Greek Old Testament into Latin and the New Testament from Hebrew into the popular, non-literary Latin. He proposed the term sense-for-sense. “in translating from the Greek I render not word for word, but sense for sense.” ？Are there any reasons for the priority of free translation? In other words

6、, how shall we justify Jeromes standpoints based on the paragraph? (p.20)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物1. Abraham Cowley: Imitation? Why did Cowley defend imitation? What is his major reason? (p.24)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个

7、活的生物 often seen as the first systematic translation theorist in the west. A translator has the right not to copy word for word in case the spirit in the original is lost, but the decency of freedom is indispensable. A translator should “entirely and perfectly comprehend the genius and sense of his a

8、uthor, the nature of the subject, and the terms of the art or subject treated of” so that the adaptation would not “injure the author”. Three categories: p24-25 verbal copier？Servile, literal translation？ Dancing on ropes with fettered legs？我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表

9、里边有一个活的生物 Essay on the Principles of translation (1797) a good translation 3 principles: How to translate? ? Could we regard the third maxim as similar with 严复s “雅”？ (p.26) Comparative importance我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Schleiermacher Two types of translato

10、r working(p.27) Real question (p.27) Two paths(p.27) Naturalizing vs. alienating(p. 28) To valorize the foreign (p.28)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 In 1813, during the Napoleonic wars, Friedrich Schleiermachers lecture Ueber die Verschiedenen Methoden des Ueber

11、setzens (“On the Different Methods of Translating”) viewed translation as an important practice in the Prussian nationalist movement: it could enrich the German language by developing an elite literature and thus enable German culture to realize its historical destiny of global domination. And yet,

12、surprisingly, Schleiermacher proposed this nationalist agenda by theorizing translation as the locus of cultural difference, not the homogeneity that his ideological configuration might imply, and that, in various, historically specific forms, has long prevailed in English-language translation, Brit

13、ish and American. 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 “The genuine translator” is a writer “Who wants to bring those two completely separated persons, his author and his reader, truly together, and who would like to bring the latter to an understanding and enjoyment

14、of the former as correct and complete as possible without inviting him to leave the sphere of his mother tongue”. “The reader of the translation will become the equal of the better reader of the original only when he is able first to acquire an impression of the particular spirit of the author as we

15、ll as that of the language in the work”. Lefevere, A.(ed. and trans.) (1977) Translating Literature: The German Tradition from Luther to Rosenzweig, Assen: Van Gorcum.? should a genuine translator apply paraphrase, imitation, or something else? (P.136-138,handouts)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世

16、界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Foreignization vs. Domestication “The translator must therefore take as his aim to give his reader the same image and the same delight which the reading of the work in the original language would afford any reader educated in such a way that we call him, in the bett

17、er sense of the word, the lover and the expert, the type of reader who is familiar with the foreign language while it yet always remains foreign to him: he no longer has to think every single part in his mother tongue, as schoolboys do, before he can grasp the whole, but he is still conscious of the

18、 difference between that language and his mother tongue, even where he enjoys the beauty of the foreign work in total peace”. 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 On the basis of Schleiermacher (1838)s inclination to “leave the writer in peace as much as possible and

19、bring the reader to him” (qtd. in Venuti 1995:19-20, cf. Schffner1999:5), Venuti has distinguished foreignization from domestication. “Schleiermacher allowed the translator to choose between domestication method, an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target-language cultural value, bringi

20、ng the author back home, and foreignization method, an ethnodeviant pressure on these values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad”. (Venuti1995:21) 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Schleiermacher: “It is

21、 an act that runs counter to both nature and morality to become a deserter to ones own mother tongue and to give oneself to another”. Venuti： “it would seem that foreignizing translation does not so much introduce the foreign into German culture as use the foreign to confirm and develop an ideal cul

22、tural self on the basis of a cultural narcissism of Schleiermacher” .我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Newman:foreigness, archaism Arnold: transparency，winner，scholars authority Bassnetts criticism: elitism and marginalization我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？

23、但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物Francis Newman (1805-1897), the accomplished brother of the Cardinal. In the 1850s, Newman challenged the main line of English-language translation, arguing “Cowpers attempt to translate Homer had proved as great a failure as Popes” and suggesting that “a sensible change

24、 is taking place, from our recent acquaintance with the extent to which the Germans have carried poetical translation”(Newman 1851:371). Newmans theory of foreignization requires the standards of transparent discourse, but also from an Arnoldian concept of the national culture that favors an academi

25、c elite. He was the first in a small group of Victorian translators who developed foreignizing strategies and opposed the English regime of fluent domestication. Newman, F. W. 1851. “Recent Translations of Classical Poets,” Prospective Review, 7(August):369-403. “In many passages it is of much value

26、 to render the original line by line (Newman 1856:viii-ix)Schleiermacher: the more closely the translations follows the turns taken by the original, the more foreign it will seem to the reader”. (Lefevere 1977:78)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物In the preface to h

27、is version of the Iliad, he offered a concise account of his translation method by contrasting it with fluent, domesticating method that dominated English translation since the seventeenth centuryOne of these is, that the reader ought, if possible, to forget that it is a translation at all, and be l

28、ulled into the illusion that he is reading an original work. Of course a necessary inference form such a dogma is, that whatever has a foreign colour is undesirable and is even a grave defect. The translator, it seems, must carefully obliterate all that is characteristic of the original, unless it h

29、appens to be identical in spirit to something already familiar in English. From such a notion I cannot too strongly express my intense dissent. I am at precisely the opposite;-to retain every peculiarity of the original, so far as I am able, with the greater care, the more foreign it may happen to b

30、e,-whether it be a matter of taste, of intellect, or of morals. the English translator should desire the reader always to remember that his work is an imitation, and moreover is in a different material; that the original is foreign, and in many respects extremely unlike our native compositions. 我吓了一

31、跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Compared to Schleiermacher, Newman enlisted translation in a more democratic cultural politics, assigned a pedagogical function but pitched deliberately against an academic elite. Newman argued for decentralized government, land nation

32、alization, womens suffrage, the abolition of slavery. He criticized English colonialism, recommending government reforms that would allow the colonized to enter the political process. 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 In the preface to his Iliad, Newman defined mor

33、e precisely the sort of archaism Homer required. “The entire dialect of Homer being essentially archaic, that of a translation ought to be as much Saxo-Norman as possible, and owe as little as possible to the elements thrown into our language by classical learning.”(Newman 1856:vi). Homers “style” r

34、equired a like solution: “it is similar to the old English ballad, and is in sharp contrast to the polished style of Pope, Sotheby, and Cowper, the best known English translators of Homer”(ibid.:iv). Newman, F. W. (ed. and trans.)1856. The Illiad of Homer, London: Walton and Maberly. 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐

35、怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 But Newmans archaism was attacked for deviating too far from the familiar, the transparent: “We cannot but consider that Mr. Newmans diction is needlessly antiquated and uncouth; and that , although he has not admitted any expressions which are u

36、nintelligible from their antiquity, he has omitted to observe the further caution, that archaism should not appear plainly to be constrained or assumed, lest a laboured, artificial style of English should suggest the idea of a laboured, artificial style of Greek”我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里

37、呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物On Translating Homer (1861)“it may be said of that union of the translator with his original, which alone can produce a good translation, that it takes place when the mist which stands between them-the mist of alien modes of thinking, speaking, and feeling on the trans

38、lators part-”defecates to a pure transparency,” and disappears.”Arnold, M. 1960. On the Classical tradition, ed. R. H. Super, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. “So essentially characteristic of Homer is his plainness and naturalness of thought, that to the preservation of this in his own vers

39、ion the translator must without scruple sacrifice, where it is necessary, verbal fidelity to his original, rather than run any risk of producing , by literalness, an odd and unnatural effect”. (1960:157-158)Newmans “manner” was “eminently ignoble, while Homers manner is eminently noble”(ibid.:103).我

40、吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Newmans archaism deviated form the academic reading of Homer. “Why are Mr. Newmans lines faulty? They are faulty, first, because, as a matter of dictio, the expressions “O gentle friend”, “eld,”“in sooth,” “liefly,” “advance,” “man-

41、ennobling,” “sith,” “any-gait,”and “sly of foot,” are all bad; some of them worse than others, but all bad: that is, they all of them as here used excite in the scholar, their sole judge, -excitea feeling totally different from that excited in them by the words of Homer which these expressions profe

42、ss to render.”(ibid.:133). 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 “the ballad-style and the ballad-measure are eminently inappropriate to render Homer. Homers manner and movement are always both noble and powerful: the ballad-manner and movement are often either jaunty

43、and smart, so not noble; or jog-trot and humdrum, so not powerful”(ibid.:128)我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Newmans “sole object is, to bring Homer before the unlearned public”(Newman 1861:6). “Mr. Arnold deprecates appeal to popular taste:well he may! Yet if th

44、e unlearned are to be our audience, we cannot defy them. I myself, before venturing to print, sought to ascertain how unlearned women and children would accept my verses. I cold boast how children and half-educated women have extolled them; how greedily a working man has inquired for them, without k

45、nowing who was the translator. “(ibid.:12-13). “It is essentially a noble metre, a popular metre, a metre of great capacity. It is essentially the national ballad metre”(ibid.:22). Newman, F. W. (1861). Homeric Translation in Theory and Practice. A Reply to Matthew Arnold, Esq., London and Edinburgh

46、: William and Norgate. 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 At present we have nothing but eccentricity, and arbitrary likings and dislikings. Our literature shows no regard for dignity, no reverence for lawThe present ballad-mania is among the results of this licenti

47、ousness.(North British Review 1862:348). 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 “Unquestionably Mr. Arnold is right in placing Homer in a very different class from the ballad-poets with whom he has frequently been compared. The ballad, in its more perfect form, belongs

48、to a rude state of society-to a time when ideas were few. This cannot be said of Homer. His very existence is sufficient proof of a social development quite equal to that of Shakespeares time, though far simpler in its form”. 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 his u

49、nrhymed ballad metre his quaint flat diction his laughtermoving epithets an“unlucky burlesque” “the mongrel ballad measure of modern Greece, a particularly inappropriate choice for Homers pure nobility. 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 “His essay has achieved unde

50、served immortality only by being printed in several modern editions of Arnolds essays: readers who wish to see what provoked the best of Arnolds Homeric lectures may find it in one of those volumes. (Arnold 1960:249). 我吓了一跳，蝎子是多么丑恶和恐怖的东西，为什么把它放在这样一个美丽的世界里呢？但是我也感到愉快，证实我的猜测没有错：表里边有一个活的生物 Popular taste