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1、中考专项复习专题一名词,大脑构图,名词的意义,WuhanHubeiZhongNanshanpowerrulesknowledge,teacherstudents,名词的句法作用,在句中作主语作表语作宾语或宾补作定语作状语作同位语作称呼语,TheteacherisgivinganEnglishclassonMonday.,HenryandSallyareherstudents.,Theyfinishedtheirtaskontime.,TheymadeHenrytheirmonitor.,Henrysteacherisawomanteacher,Thegirlwaslateforclassthi
2、smorning.,Mrs.Smith,theirteacher,isspeakingnow.,Goodmorning,boysandgirls.,大脑构图,大脑构图,名词的分类,专有名词MondayHenryLeifeng,TheteacherisgivinganEnglishclassonMonday.WehavespentmanyhappySundaysthere.,Henryisverysmart.TherearetwoHenrysinourschool.,WeshouldlearnfromLeiFengThousandsofLeiFengshaveemergedinChina.,名词
3、的分类,1.个体名词:teacherstudent3.物质名词:wine酒(不可数)beer啤酒(不可数)4.抽象名词:事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念success成功(不可数)pleasure愉快(不可数),awine一种酒(可数)twobeers两杯啤酒(可数),asuccess成功的人或事(可数)apleasure令人愉快的人或事(可数),2.集体名词:afamily一个家庭,threefamilies三个家庭ateam一个队,twoteams两个队acrowd一群人,crowds多群人,普通名词,火眼金睛,bread,news,newspaper,paper,water,tear
4、,tears,anewspaper,aloaf,不可数名词的量化,apieceofpaperapieceofadviceapieceofnewsacakeofsoapacupoftea,一张纸一条建议一条新闻一块儿肥皂一杯茶,名词的修饰词,大脑构图,名词的数,1、可数名词单数的用法,其前必须有限定词:表示泛指不定冠词a(an)表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the可以用指示代词thisthat形容词性物主代词myyour等所有格Henrys,Bookishelpful.,变化规则(1)在一般情况下,加词尾-s:book/books书(2)以s,x,z,sh,ch等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:cla
5、ss/classes,名词的复数,(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y改为ies;以“元音字母y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾s:boy/boysdictionary/dictionaries,名词的复数,(4)以o结尾的名词,有些加词尾-s,有些加-espiano/pianos钢琴tomato/tomatoes西红柿zero/zero(e)s零注:tomato西红柿potato土豆hero英雄Negro黑人,名词的复数,黑人英雄吃西红柿、土豆,(5)以f或fe结尾的名词wifelifeknifeleafthiefhalfselfshelfloafwolf,名词的复数,名词复数的不规则变化,规律
6、1:单数与复数同形式sheepfishdeerChineseJapanesePortugueseSwiss,注:fish有时也用fishes这样的复数形式,尤其表示种类时,规律2:man、woman以及与其组合的合成词变a为e,policemangentlemanEnglishman,man/menwoman/women,policemengentlemenEnglishmen,HumansGermansRomans,HumanGermanRoman,名词复数的不规则变化,规律3:oo变ee,tooth/teethfoot/feetgoose/geese,名词复数的不规则变化,规律4:复合名词
7、的复数形式。通常是将其主要名词变为复数:passer-by/passers-by过路人shoe-maker/shoe-makers鞋匠looker-on/lookers-on旁观者on-looker/on-lookers旁观者father-in-law/fathers-in-law岳父、公公,名词复数的不规则变化,child/childrenmouse/miceox/oxen,单独记忆,大脑构图,名词所有格的分类,名词所有格可分为三种:1、有生命名词的所有格2、无生命名词的所有格3、双重所有格,有生命名词的所有格,s还可以表示某人的家或某个店铺如:myaunts(我阿姨家)thedoctors
8、(诊所),无生命名词的所有格,1、无生命名词所有格一般用“of+名词”的结构表示。如:thegateoftheschool学校的大门thedooroftheclassroom教室的门2、有些表示时间、距离以及国家等无生命的名词,可以在词尾加s或如:a、表时间:todaysnewspaper今天的报纸b、表距离:tenmilesdistance十英里的距离c、表国家、城市等实体:Chinasfuture中国的未来,双重所有格,双重所有格即“of+名词s所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”如:afriendofmyfathers我爸爸的一个朋友apictureofhersisters她妹妹的一幅画如
9、:afriendofmine我的一个朋友abookofmine我的一本书,1、这个女孩的爷爷2、杰姆的房间3、我奶奶的钱包4、那些学生的书5、这些工人的外套6、那间教室的窗户7、海伦的同学8、那些警察的裤子,thegirlsgrandpaJimsroommygrandmaspursewalletthosestudentsbookstheseworkerscoatsthewindowsofthatclassroomHelensclassmatesthosepolicemenstrousers,随堂检测,主谓一致,学科名词:politics,physics,mathematics单数成对名词tro
10、users,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors复数前面若有一条,一副,一把之类的单位词单数,普通名词,整体名词时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词表达一个整体概念时单数Onemilliondollarsisalotofmoney.地理名词某些以-s结尾的地理名称,如theUnitedStates,theNetherlands等,因其是单一政治实体单数,大脑构图,中考链接,实战演练,(2012年东营中考题)18.Mr.Jacksonkeepslotsofonhisfarm.A.sheepB.chickenC.gooseD.pandas(2013年东营中考题)19.Excuseme
11、,haventyoulearnedthenewlaw?Everyoneinacarmustweartheseatbelt.-Sorry,wewontdothatagain.A.foodB.trafficC.medicineD.education(2014年东营中考题)18.-WhenisDay?-ItsonJune1st,Dave.A.ChildB.ChildrenC.ChildsD.Childrens(2015年东营中考题)18.Wecannotmakeasandwichwithout_.A.breadB.onionsC.yogurtD,tomatoes,实战演练,(2016年东营中考题)1
12、8.-Whydopeoplenevercutupthe_ontheirbirthdays?-Becausetheyareasymboloflonglife.A.eggsB.cakesC.noodlesD.dumplings(2017年东营中考题)-Liangliang,areyouactiveinclass?-Yes,butoftenIdonthave_toshowmyselfinasixty-studentclass.A.reasonsB.chancesC.choicesD.abilities(2018年东营中考题)19.-Letsseewhatfoodyouvegotfordinner.-
13、Look,wehavemutton,fish,eggs,tomatoesand.A.milkB.breadC.coffeeD.juice(2019年东营中考题)Itsnotagood_forstudentstogoonlineforanswerstohomework.A.skillB.gameC.hobbyD.habit,实战演练,(2012年东营中考题)18.Mr.Jacksonkeepslotsofonhisfarm.A.sheepB.chickenC.gooseD.pandas(2013年东营中考题)19.Excuseme,haventyoulearnedthenewlaw?Everyo
14、neinacarmustweartheseatbelt.-Sorry,wewontdothatagain.A.foodB.trafficC.medicineD.education(2014年东营中考题)18.-Whenis_Day?-ItsonJune1st,Dave.A.ChildB.ChildrenC.ChildsD.Childrens(2015年东营中考题)18.Wecannotmakeasandwichwithout_.A.breadB.onionsC.yogurtD,tomatoes,A,B,D,A,实战演练,(2016年东营中考题)18.-Whydopeoplenevercutup
15、the_ontheirbirthdays?-Becausetheyareasymboloflonglife.A.eggsB.cakesC.noodlesD.dumplings(2017年东营中考题)-Liangliang,areyouactiveinclass?-Yes,butoftenIdonthave_toshowmyselfinasixty-studentclass.A.reasonsB.chancesC.choicesD.abilities(2018年东营中考题)19.-Letsseewhatfoodyouvegotfordinner.-Look,wehavemutton,fish,eggs,tomatoesand.A.milkB.breadC.coffeeD.juice(2019年东营中考题)Itsnotagood_forstudentstogoonlineforanswerstohomework.A.skillB.gameC.hobbyD.habit,C,B,B,D,温馨提示:如果实战演练没有对到8个以上,建议再看视频一遍,深化理解、温故而知新。,学法提炼,学会大脑构图2.提炼分析做题规律,Thanks,东营市实验中学,吴小梅名师工作室,
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