非谓语动词的七大原则与解题步骤呢ppt课件.ppt
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1、姜丽芳姜丽芳下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤一一.非谓语动词的非谓语动词的 七大经典原则七大经典原则原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词原则三:用作结果状语时,可用原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式或不定式原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原
2、则上应与原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主主句主语保持一致语保持一致原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式式原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生尚未发生; 用用-ing,表示动作正在进行,表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词,表示动用过去分词,表示动作已经发生,同时表示被动意义作已经发生,同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则一:用作目的状语,原
3、则上要用不定式1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (2007江西卷)江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained如:如:She got up very early to catch up the first bus.2. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.(2006广东卷)广东卷) A. Ha
4、ving made B. Make C. To make D. Making to catch up the first bus.3.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what I was going to do. (2007湖南卷湖南卷)A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C
5、. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析】【解析】listen是伴随是伴随sat而同时由主语而同时由主语he发出的,所以用发出的,所以用-ing 作伴随状语;作伴随状语;listen to 后跟不带后跟不带to的不定式的不定式/-ing作宾补。作宾补。【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系,且表示当【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系,且表示当 时持续了一会时持续了一会 儿,故用儿,故用-ing。句意为:当信号灯变绿时,我站在那儿一会儿没动,。句意为:当信号灯变绿时,我站在那儿一会儿没动,心想自己该怎么办。心想自己该怎么办。 原则二:原则二
6、: 用作伴随状语,原则上要用用作伴随状语,原则上要用-ing-ing. . listen to do/doing inging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to doto do作目的状语的区别:作目的状语的区别:作伴随状语的作伴随状语的inging形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号前面常常带一逗号; ;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空用括号里的词的适当形式填空1. Write to the editor, _ that the
7、 editor would be able to help her( hope )2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3.The secretary worked late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare )4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keep,原则三:用作结果状语时,可用原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing-ing或不定式,
8、其原则区别是,或不定式,其原则区别是,一般用一般用-ing-ing,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。,表示一定逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果,即结果在意料之外。5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day. (2007天津卷)天津卷) A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 【解析
9、【解析 此处用此处用-ing 表示自然而然的结果。表示自然而然的结果。 如:如:It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱,造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱,造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山东卷)山东卷) A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. t
10、o be reaching 8. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006陕西卷)陕西卷) A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. (2005广东卷广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found【解析【解析】only to do sth 在此
11、表示出人意料的结果。在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用-ing-ing的被动式的被动式. .9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (2007浙江卷)浙江卷) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearin
12、g D. being heard 【解析】根据句意,此处指的是【解析】根据句意,此处指的是“被听见被听见”,故要用被,故要用被 动式,因此动式,因此 可排除可排除 B 和和 C。另外,由于。另外,由于“设法被听见设法被听见”为目的状语,动作在为目的状语,动作在 当时尚未发生,故用不定式,即选当时尚未发生,故用不定式,即选 A。 11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B.
13、 to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析】【解析】of 后应接后应接-ing,desks 与与open and close 之间存在逻辑之间存在逻辑上的被动
14、关系,又因上的被动关系,又因could be heard,所以选,所以选-ing的被动式表正的被动式表正在被进行的动作。在被进行的动作。of a stranger his eyessittingseat vt. fix ones eyes upon=I was seated.I seated myself.=I sat down原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.12. Faced with a bill for $10,000,_. (2006陕西卷)陕西卷) A. John has taken a
15、n extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John 13. While watching television,_. (2005全国卷全国卷III) A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【解析】因为【解析】因为 watching 的逻
16、辑主语一定是人,排除选项的逻辑主语一定是人,排除选项 A 和和 B ;又因在;又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式,的不定式, 所以选项所以选项 D 中的中的 rings 是错误的。是错误的。watchingfaced with(be) faced with原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式)的完成式) 14._ from other continents for millions of years, Aust
17、ralia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. (2005湖北卷)湖北卷) A.Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. to be separated 【解析】因为【解析】因为 Australia 与与 separate 是被动关系,且是被动关系,且 separate 发生在谓语动词发生在谓语动词 has 之前,所以用之前,所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。的完成被动式作原因状语。 15. T
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