专四语法复习：主谓一致ppt课件.ppt

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1、专四语法复习：主谓一致专四语法复习：主谓一致Agreement of Subject and Verb Lecturer: Grace Tan主谓一致主谓一致教学目的：了解主谓一致的内涵及教学目的：了解主谓一致的内涵及意义意义教学重点：熟练掌握主谓一致的原教学重点：熟练掌握主谓一致的原则、种类及应用则、种类及应用教学难点：主谓一致的应用教学难点：主谓一致的应用主谓一致定义定义三原则三原则种类种类真题解析真题解析练习练习Agreement(主谓一致）主谓一致）一一. .主谓一致的定义：主谓一致的定义： 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。二二. .主谓一致的三原则主谓一

2、致的三原则: :语法一致原则语法一致原则意义意义/内容一致原则内容一致原则就近原则就近原则1.语法一致原则语法一致原则:主语是单数主语是单数,谓语动词谓语动词用单数形式用单数形式,主语是复数谓语动词用主语是复数谓语动词用复数形式。复数形式。例如：例如： Every coin has two sides. My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.2.意义一致原则：主语和谓语的一致不意义一致原则：主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。主语所表达的意义来决定。例如

3、：The class are busy writing English passages.The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology. 3.就近原则就近原则.谓语动词的单复数取决于最谓语动词的单复数取决于最近它的主语。由近它的主语。由eitheror, neithernor, not only but also由由here或或 there等连接引导的句子，谓语等连接引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。动词遵循这一原则。Eg: Neither my friends nor I

4、was able to persuade him to accept our advice.I. 语法一致原则语法一致原则真题：真题： 1. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play2. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are off

5、ered D. have offered3. All but one _ here just now. A. is B.was C. has been D. were1.1 语法一致原则语法一致原则w1.1 如果主语是单数，后面跟有如果主语是单数，后面跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than, like, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的短语，谓语动词仍旧是单数形等引导的短语，谓语动词仍旧是单数形式式

6、.wEg:是杰克而不是他的同学要受到责备。wJack, rather than his classmates, is to blame.1.2 语法一致原则语法一致原则The poet and the writer has/have? come.Each boy and each girl wants /want? to go to the cinema.真题真题:The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isB. was C. are D. were真题：真题：The growth

7、 of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. A) have allowed B) allow C) allowing D) allows1.2 语法一致原则语法一致原则1.2 由and 连接的并列主语，如果表示的是同一个人，事或物体的时候，谓语用单数，否则用复数。但当用and 连接的并列主语被each, every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。Eg:

8、法律和秩序对持不同政见的人来说意味着不同的东西。Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.1.3 语法一致原则语法一致原则 1.3不定式和动名词短语以及从句做主语。不定式和动名词短语以及从句做主语。 为人民服务就是我最大的幸福。 涨工资极大的提高了员工的士气。 我们什么时候去郊游已经决定了。Serving the people is my great happiness.To increase wages has raised the crews morale.When we

9、ll go out for an outing has been decided.1.3 语法一致原则语法一致原则注意：关系代词what引导的从句作主语视情况而定。 我需要的是一个平静的生活。 我需要的只是些安眠药。What I need is a peaceful life.What I need are some sleeping pills.1.4 语法一致原则语法一致原则1.4 成对的名词trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时： 鞋子穿起来很舒服。 桌上有一双鞋子。The shoes wear quite smooth.A pair o

10、f shoes was on the desk.1.5 语法一致原则语法一致原则1.5 百分数百分数/分数分数+名词名词 作主语时作主语时: 这个工厂百分之二十的工人是女性。这个工厂百分之二十的工人是女性。 地球表面超过百分之七十为水覆盖。地球表面超过百分之七十为水覆盖。 在场三分之二的人都反对这个提议。在场三分之二的人都反对这个提议。Twenty percent of the workers in the factory are women.Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by wa

11、ter.Two-thirds of the people present are against the proposal.1.6 语法一致原则语法一致原则 1.6 One of 和和 the only one of This is one of the most interesting stories that has/have? been told. 她是这些女孩中唯一一个愿意参加补考她是这些女孩中唯一一个愿意参加补考的学生。的学生。 She is the only one of those girls who is willing to take a make-up exam.1.7 语

12、法一致原则语法一致原则1.7 如果主语有如果主语有more than one或或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍遵循语法一致原则。如：它的谓语动词仍遵循语法一致原则。如：听了他的演讲之后，许多学生都很受鼓舞。听了他的演讲之后，许多学生都很受鼓舞。Many a /more than one student is encouraged after hearing his speech. II.内容一致原则内容一致原则 2.1 不定代词不定代词all,none,some,any,either,neither作主语时：作主语时： EG：闪闪

13、发光物并非皆黄金。：闪闪发光物并非皆黄金。 All that glitters is not gold. 两只鞋都不合脚。两只鞋都不合脚。 Neither shoe fits comfortably. 2.2内容一致原则内容一致原则 2.2 all of ,some of, none of ,half of, most of. lots of, plenty of 等非确定数量等非确定数量+名词名词 作主语作主语时：时： 大部分苹果都乱掉了。大部分苹果都乱掉了。 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃掉了。这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃掉了。 Most of the apples were rotten. Mos

14、t of the apple was rotten by a rat. None of us is/are？ perfect. None of this worry/worries？ me.2.3 内容一致原则内容一致原则2.3 the+形容词/分词 作主语: 病人已经被救治，失踪的已经被找到。 美的并不总是好的。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The beautiful is not always the good.The departed/deceased was a well-known engineer.2.4

15、 内容一致原则内容一致原则 2.4 集体名词作主语时，如army, audience, committee, community, company, council, crew, enemy, family, government, group, jury, navy, public, staff, team, etc.) A special committee has/have? been set up. The committee has/have? discussed the problem.2.5 内容一致原则内容一致原则 2.5 形复意单的名词如；news;以ics结尾的学科/疾病名

16、称 作主语时： 有消息传来他考试再次失利了. News/tidings has come that he failed in the examination again. 麻疹是一种传染病。 Measles is an infectious disease.2.6 内容一致原则内容一致原则 2.6 the/a number of+名词作主语：真题：真题：The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was

17、; were D. were; were2.7 内容一致原则内容一致原则 2.7 由由and 连接的成对名词习惯上被当做连接的成对名词习惯上被当做一个整体，如一个整体，如bread and butter, knife and fork. 威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜爱的饮料。威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜爱的饮料。 Whisky and soda is always his favorite drink. Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon.2.8 内容一致原则内容一致原则 2.8 表示时间，金钱，距离，度量等词作主语:真

18、题：真题：The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of travel. A) has witnessed B) was witnessed C) witnessed D) is witnessed2.8 内容一致原则内容一致原则 那时一百米对刘翔来说是太远的一段距离。 100 meters was too long a distance for Liuxiang at that time. Three weeks was allowed for making the necess

19、ary preparations. 知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力III.就近原则就近原则3.1 here,there,where 引导的倒装句和存在句引导的倒装句和存在句中中 你不在时你妻子和孩子待在哪里呢？ 有好多种书供你选择。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?There are a variety of books for you to choose.注意： 存在句型there be 的变体There appear/seem to be several reasons for changing the pl

20、an.知識 專業 創新 熱情 活力III.就近原则就近原则 3.2 用连词or，eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语 要么是他要么是你拿了我的笔记本。 Either he or you have taken my notebook. 真题：真题：Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be Practice 1. On the wall_ two large portra

21、its. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept 3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has 4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was Practice 5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known6. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decidedSummary 语法一致：7 意义一致：8 就近一致：2