新概念英语第一册111-144课语法复习ppt课件.ppt

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1、所学内容v1.形容词与副词都有三个等级，原级，比较级，最形容词与副词都有三个等级，原级，比较级，最高级。高级。v2.So / Neither 倒装句3.复合不定代词复合不定代词v4.过去进行时过去进行时was/were + doing v5.用when或while引导的时间状语从句v6定语从句v8情态动词：must,have to9对现在，将来，过去，正在进行的猜测v对过去肯定的推测：must have been 对过去否定的推测：cant have been10反义疑问句11 If 引导的条件状语从句12 直接引语变成间接引语13 被动语态Grammar v形容词与副词都有三个等级，形容词与

2、副词都有三个等级，原级，比较级，最高原级，比较级，最高级级。v原级比较：原级比较：as as Bill is as fat as Tom . Bill和和Tom一样胖一样胖。 He runs as fast as you. 他和你跑得他和你跑得一样快。一样快。 v在在as as 中间使用的形容词和副词一定要用中间使用的形容词和副词一定要用原级原级.否定用否定用not as asSo / Neither 倒装句Ive got some small change.So have I.Neither can I.v注意：注意：1. neither “也不也不”，本身已有，本身已有否定意义否定意义；v

3、 2. 句式倒装，即句式倒装，即主谓调换位置主谓调换位置v 3. 根据前一句的根据前一句的意义和时态选择相应意义和时态选择相应动词，动词，v 但在但在人称人称上要上要与本句人称保持一致与本句人称保持一致。v结构：结构：Neither + be/情态动词情态动词 / 助动词助动词+主语主语vEx. I havent got any changes. 我也没有。我也没有。v Neither have I. v I am not a teacher. 她也不是她也不是v Neither is she.v I dont like this book. 他也不喜欢。他也不喜欢。v Neither doe

4、s he.v 1. - I wont do such a thing. v Neither / Nor will I.v 2. If you wont go, neither shall I.v 3. - I havent done my homework. v Neither / Nor have I.v 4.I didnt read the notice on the bulletin v board, v nor did he.v 由由neither或或nor引起的，表示前面所说的情引起的，表示前面所说的情况况 v 也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子复合不定代词

5、总表复合不定代词总表 后后缀缀前缀前缀-one人人-body人人-thing东西东西事情事情-where地方地方some-某个某个someonesomebody somethingsomewhereany-任何任何anyoneanybodyanythinganywhereevery-每个每个everyoneeverybody everythingeverywhereno-没没no one / nonenobodynothingnowhereGrammar过去进行时过去进行时(8A U6) 一、一、过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内 正在正在进行

6、或发生的动作。进行或发生的动作。 二、二、常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening，at that time等；或者与等；或者与when, while, as引导的引导的过去时间状语连用。过去时间状语连用。Grammar三、三、1. 过去进行时的过去进行时的肯定式肯定式： 主语主语+was/were + 动词的现在分词动词的现在分词2. 过去进行时的过去进行时的否定式否定式： 主语主语+was/were not +动

7、词的现在分词动词的现在分词3. 过去进行时的过去进行时的疑问式疑问式: Was/Were + 主语主语+ 动词的现在分词动词的现在分词?肯定句：肯定句：We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。否定句：否定句： We were not having supper when the phone rang. 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Were you having supper when the phone rang? Yes, I was./ No, I wasnt. 过去进行时过去进行时(8A U6)

8、Grammar四、主要用法：四、主要用法：1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。进行的动作。e.g. He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。他看书时睡着了。、表示故事发生的背景。、表示故事发生的背景。e.g. It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。过去进行时过去进行时(8A U6)用when或while引导的时间状语从

9、句：v when + 过去进行时（持续性动词）/ 一般过去时（瞬时性动词）某个时间点,某一段时间,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生,从句的动作可前后发生vWhen she came in, I was doing some housework. (瞬时动词)vWhen I lived with the Smiths, we used to discuss international issues together. (延续性的动词)v while + 过去进行时（持续性动词）表示某一段时间,主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 v (just) as + 过去进行时 边边,随着.v例句：She

10、was cooking when he was reading. = She was cooking while he was reading.v The telephone rang when I open the door. = The telephone rang just as I was opening the door. v Grammars总结v1. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learntv2. By the time my p

11、arents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cookedv3. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A has completed university B. has completed the university C had completed an university D. had completed universityv4. He _ to play _ before he was 1

12、1 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. v 5.The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleanedCADABv定义：在复合句中修饰名词和代词名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。v被定语从句修饰的名词或代词是先行词先行词。定语从句必须放在先

13、行词之后。v定语从句要由关联词关联词：关系代词关系代词who, whom, that，which或关系副词关系副词when, where等引导。 The student who answered the question was peter. 回答问题的那个学生叫Peter.GrammarsHow is it formed?被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词，定语从句常跟在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 The lady is standing behind the counter.关系代词thatwhichwhowhom关系代词在句中作宾语时可以省去 指人 指物 主语 宾语v定语从句中的定

14、语从句中的省略省略.v关系代词省略：若描述的人或物是现在关系代词省略：若描述的人或物是现在v正在进行的，可以省略关系代词，单用一个正在进行的，可以省略关系代词，单用一个现在分词表示，现在分词表示，v假如关系代词充当从句中的宾语，关系代词假如关系代词充当从句中的宾语，关系代词则往往可以省略则往往可以省略请分别看以下的例句请分别看以下的例句vThe woman standing behind the counter served me.v站在柜台后边的那位妇女为我服务招待了站在柜台后边的那位妇女为我服务招待了我。我。vThis is the book I bought yesterday.v这就是

15、我昨天买的那本书。这就是我昨天买的那本书。vThe man I served was wearing a hat.v我招待过的那个人当时戴着一顶帽子。我招待过的那个人当时戴着一顶帽子。have to 与与mustvmust 表示表示主观主观的认为有必要，有义务的认为有必要，有义务vhave to 表示含有表示含有客观客观的环境方面的需要，的环境方面的需要， 除了除了“必须必须”之外，还有之外，还有“不得不不得不”。vmust 没有没有时态和人称的变化时态和人称的变化 I must ,he mustvhave to 有有时态和人称的变化时态和人称的变化 I have to, he has tov

16、eg. I must work hard. 我必须努力工作。我必须努力工作。 (我觉得有必要这么做。我觉得有必要这么做。) I had to go home by ship last night. 我昨晚不得不乘船回家。我昨晚不得不乘船回家。 (有可能没有赶上其他的航班或者火车，没选择才坐有可能没有赶上其他的航班或者火车，没选择才坐船。船。)GrammarsGrammars Must I arrive on time? v-Yes, you must.v-No, you neednt. Do I have to arrive on time? v-Yes, you have to.v-No,

17、you dont have/need to.1. 情态动词情态动词+原形，表示对原形，表示对_推测。推测。v例：He must be a teacher.v 他一定是一名老师。（系表）v肯定的推断：v否定的推断： （而不是mustnt be） vShe must be doing.Summary现在或将来的情况进行现在或将来的情况进行must be 肯定是肯定是cant be 不可能是不可能是 2. 情态动词情态动词+be doing，表对，表对:_推测。推测。v例：He must be having a lot of money. v 他一定有很多钱。v 他们一定正在睡觉吧。v They m

18、ust be sleeping.v Jim may be playing the basketball.v 吉姆可能正在打篮球。正在进行的情况进行正在进行的情况进行v1. 对过去的推测对过去的推测v(1)肯定推测：must have been “那时一定是”v2. 过去正在发生的推测v1）肯定推测：）肯定推测：must have been doing “那时一定正在那时一定正在做做”must have +been doing肯定某人过去正在进行的事 情的推测must be doing肯定某人正在做某事 否定形式：cant vI think they cant have been reading

19、。我认为他们那是。我认为他们那是不可能正在读书。不可能正在读书。v 4）must + have been+ v-ingv 表示对过去某一时刻，某一时间内的动作的猜测，或过去一直到现在的一段时间内动作的猜测。v昨天晚上我给你打电话的时候你肯定在喝酒vYou must have been drinking when I called you last night. v语法语法 Grammar in usev情态助动词情态助动词may表示可能性表示可能性vmay或might都表示“可能”、“也许”。通常既可以用may，也可以用might，不过might所表示的可能性要比may小，且当情况是虚拟的时只

20、能用当情况是虚拟的时只能用might而不能用而不能用may。v（1）may 表示现在或将来的可能性：may+动词原形：The bread may be fresh.面包可能是新鲜的。He may be reading.他可能正在看书。vI may go abroad.我可能出国。They may offer me a job.他们也许会给我提供一份工作。祈使句的反义疑问句：1、祈使句为肯定句式时，若其翻译疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时，用wont you.如 Be sure to ring me, will you? 记得打电话给我，好吗？ Come to have

21、 dinner with us this evening, wont you?今天晚上和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2、祈使句为否定句时，其反义疑问句通常只用 will you.如： Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3、Let开头的祈使句构成反义疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其他均用 will you.如： Lets take a break，shall we? 我们休息一下，好吗？ Let the boy go first, will you? 让那个男孩先走，好吗？v直接引语变间接引语直接引语变间接引语（1）直

22、接引语 He said ,”I like English very much.”间接引语间接引语 He said that he liked English very much. 直接转述别人的话，用引号。直接转述别人的话，用引号。用自己的话转述别人的话。一般情况下是宾语从句用自己的话转述别人的话。一般情况下是宾语从句时态变化 直接引语 间接引语 例句 一般现在一般现在时时 一般过去时一般过去时He said, “I am a student.”He said that he was a student. 一般过去一般过去时时 过去完成时过去完成时He said, “ I was a teac

23、her.”He said that he had been a teacher. 现在进行现在进行时时 过去进行时过去进行时He said,“I am playing basketball.”He said that he was playing basketball. 现在完成现在完成时时 过去完成时过去完成时He said, “I have learnt English for 6 years”He said that he had learnt English for 6 years. 过去完成过去完成时时 过去完成时过去完成时He said, “I had finished my ho

24、mework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper. 指示代词，时间状语，地点状语的直接引语间接引语例句this 这个这个 that 那个那个 She said, ”I washed my hair this morning.”She said that she had washed her hair that morning.these 这些这些 those 那些那些 He said, “These books are mine.”He said that those books are

25、mine.now 现在现在then 那时那时 He said, “I am washing my hair now.”He said that he was washing his hair then.today 今今天天that day 那天那天He said, “I have washed my hair today.”He said that he had washed his hair that day.yesterday 昨天昨天that day那天那天 She said, “I went to Beijing yesterday.”She said that she had wen

26、t Beijing the day before.tomorrow 明天明天the next (following) day 第二天第二天She said, “Ill go to Beijing tomorrow.”She said that she would go to Beijing the next day.here 这里这里there 那天那天 He said, “My sister was here.”He said that his sister had been there.直接引语变间接引语（直接引语变间接引语（2）情态助动词的变化情态助动词的变化may- might can

27、 -could will-wouldwont-wouldnt cant -couldnt一般疑问句情况直接引语变间接引语（3）My wife wants to knowMarry needs any help. if 如果引语为一般疑问句时，引导词要使用if 或 whether。 注意从句要使用陈述语序陈述语序。He asks, “Does Tim live here?”He asks if/ whether Tim lives here. 特殊疑问句情况引语为特殊疑问句时，引导词要使用特殊疑问词特殊疑问词来引导。从句使用陈述语序陈述语序。He asked, “What is the teac

28、her doing?”He asked what the teacher was doing. 33语法句型结构：句型结构：条件状语从句（条件状语从句（if引导的条件状语引导的条件状语从句）从句） 主句主句+if 从句从句You will be late for school if you dont get up early.主句主句将来时将来时if从句从句一般现在时一般现在时If 引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句主句主句（一般将来时一般将来时）+if 从句从句（一般现在时一般现在时）If I play basketball well, I will join your team.1.If

29、 he_it (not do it ), I_(do) it.2.If you _ (be) late for school ,my teacher _(be) angry.arewill be3 If she_ (win) the prize ,we _(be) happy.winswill be4.If I _ (not,eat )so much ,I _(get) thinner.5.If you _(tell) them, they _ (not,believe) you.dont eat will gettellwont believe6 I _(stay) at home,If i

30、t _( rain).7.If it _(not,rain) ,I _( go) out.8. we _(play) football, If it is _(sun) . will stayrainsdoesnt rainwill gowill play sunny doesnt dowill do 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice)What is it?A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted

31、the tree.The tree was planted by us.被动语态被动语态结构：结构：be + 过去分词过去分词(P.P) + (by )各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/is /are +doneS+was/were +doneS+ can/may/must/should + be+ doneS+ will+be+ doneS+ am/is/are + being + doneS+ have/has + been+ doneS+ was/were+being+ done