虚拟语气-公开课-精品课件-全ppt.ppt

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1、变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分Learning goals1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood3. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if ”4. Do some exercises about the 3th aim语气语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动

2、词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。句法形式）来表示。虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(常用在条件状语从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (常用在名词性从句中)。简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式： 1. if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2.

3、 名词性从句名词性从句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a. ifa. if真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的, , 采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b. ifb. if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的, , 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分If we have chances, we ca

4、n have further cooperation.If I have another chance, I will visit China again.if if真实条件句用于陈述语气真实条件句用于陈述语气, ,假设的情况很假设的情况很有可能发生有可能发生, ,其中其中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思if条件从句条件从句一般现在时一般现在时 主句主句will shall+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词 + 动词原形动词原形What What willwill you do if you do if it it rains rains tomorrow?tomorrow?I I wi

5、llwill sleep at home sleep at home if it if it rainsrains tomorrow. tomorrow.if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的或几虚拟的或几乎无法实现的乎无法实现的, 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。 if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句与与现在现在事实相反事实相反与与过去过去事实相反事实相反与与将来将来事实可能相反事实可能相反变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分If I had a great deal of mone

6、y, I would buy a villa (别墅别墅) for my parents.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.与与现在现在事实相反事实相反变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相

7、连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设If+主语主语+ 动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形1. If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅别墅) for my parents.2. If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Midd

8、le school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep.即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反变电站电气主

9、接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分If Tom had learnt how to swim,he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分had got upcould have caught与与过去过去事实相反事实相反变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样

10、与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设If+主语主语+had +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词1. If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for

11、four years.had got upcould have caught即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分If I met Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, 与与将来将

12、来事实相反事实相反变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分 if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与将来将来事实事实相相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形 If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I

13、 would shake hands with him. 总结：if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+ 动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动

14、词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形（4+1）变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分注意以下问题：注意以下问题： 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句 2. (if省略省略) 倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句 3. 含蓄条件句含蓄

15、条件句1. 错综时间条件句错综时间条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+ 动词的过去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+ha

16、d +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句错综时间条件句（4+1）变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分1. 错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句即：即：if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。1). If you ha

17、d followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）2). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相

18、连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分3). If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电

19、线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分2. 在虚拟条件句中，在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有如果条件句中有were, had（助动词）或（助动词）或should时，可使用倒装时，可使用倒装结构，但结构，但if必须省略必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，。若条件从句为否定句，否定词否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had等缩略成等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。置于句首。 变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线

20、是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.= If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy.2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you.3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go wi

21、th you.变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分(if省略省略) 倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句补充例句：补充例句： 要不是要不是 (固定句式固定句式) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now.= We

22、re it not for lacking money, 与与过去过去事事实相反实相反与与现在现在事事实相反实相反But for 要不是要不是变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have takenpart in the sports meet.（副词）（副词）(2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have k

23、nown nothing about it.（连词）（连词）直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气3. 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分含蓄条件句含蓄条件句(4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have ra

24、ised their output quickly.（独立主格）（独立主格）= If everything had been taken into (了解即可了解即可)consideration, (3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词）（连词）直陈语气直陈语气虚拟语气虚拟语气变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分(5) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, with

25、out, but for 等。如：等。如：What would you do with a million dollars?We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help.But for the rain, we would have finished the work.=If you had a million dollars, what would you do?=If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, =If it hadnt been

26、for the rain, 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. were; would was; will had been; wouldA. is; willExercise A变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分2. If he _my ad

27、vice, he wouldnt have lost his job. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would followExercise C变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分3. If I _ in the 22nd century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. should live; would spend will live; should spend are livi

28、ng; should have spent will be living; would have spentA变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. WillExercise tomorrowB变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电

29、站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分5. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition.A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have wonExercise B变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分6. If the United States had built

30、 more homes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have beenC. wouldnt have been D. would have not beenExercise nowin 1955A变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分7T he weather has been very h

31、ot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have diedExercise Dhad rainednow变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分8. They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise

32、 theyd never have been able to afford to go. had got B. got A.C. have got D. getExercise Botherwise变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分9. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，but I didnt have the money. would have B. bought C. would like to A.D. had boughtExercise AbutLearn

33、ing goals1. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood2. Master the structures of the different forms of the subjunctive mood3. Do some exercises about the grammar虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式： 1. if 引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句 2. 名词性从句名词性从句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情态动词表示虚拟情态动词表示虚拟 5. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况a. ifa. if真实条件

34、句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或真的或有可能实现的有可能实现的, , 采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b. ifb. if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是虚拟的虚拟的或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的, , 采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。 总结：if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与将来将来事实相事实相反的假反的假设设1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+ 动词的过

35、去式动词的过去式（be动词一般用动词一般用were)主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形即：即：If+一般过去时态一般过去时态（be动词一般用动词一般用were)If+主语主语+had +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词即：即：If+过去完成时态过去完成时态主语主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done主语主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形动词原形（4+1）变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主

36、接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分注意以下问题：注意以下问题： 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句错综时间虚拟条件句 2. (if省略省略) 倒装虚拟条件句倒装虚拟条件句 3. 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分 insist, order / command, suggest / advise / propose / recommend, desire / demand / require / request / askshould do ! should do ! shou

37、ld do ! 二二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气二二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 一一 “坚持坚持” (insist) , 二二“命令命令” (order, command) , 四四“建议建议” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) ,五五“要求要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire) + (that) sb (should) do .或是或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done 宾语从句宾语从句我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一

38、下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggested _ .He insisted _ .They requested (that) Tom _ .(that) Tom have a rest(that) I (should ) go with him(should) be sent to work thereThe teacher asked (that) our homework _ .(should) be finished in time变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、

39、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should

40、) practise reading English everyday.变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion /

41、 advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do a / the suggestion / request (等等) that (should) do 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to

42、 see her once a week. We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分3. wish 的宾语从句的宾语从句1. wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反: 一般过去时一般过去时( be 用用were )与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: 过去完成时过去完成时与将来事实相反与将来事实相反: would/could +V.原原 shou

43、ldI wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.wereI wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon.hadntI wish it _ ( will ) rain tomorrow. If so, I can stay at home to have a good sleep.wouldHe wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day.could / would become 变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。

44、变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分三三. 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1. would rather 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或将来情况相反情况相反sb had done 与过去情况相反与过去情况相反I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow.2. as if / as though思考：思考：as if / as tho

45、ugh 后面的句子是后面的句子是主句还是从句？主句还是从句？He behaves as if he_(own) the house.owned1). 1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 ( (可以可以理解成与现在事实相反理解成与现在事实相反) )He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house.wereShe talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself.had been2). 2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 ( (可以可

46、以理解成与过去事实相反理解成与过去事实相反) )He coughed (咳嗽咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。3). 3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 ( (可以可以理解成与将来事实相反理解成与将来事实相反) )变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分总结总结as if / as though与现在事实相反与现在事实相反: 一般过去时一般过去时( be 用用were )与过去

47、事实相反与过去事实相反: 过去完成时过去完成时 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反: would/could + V.原原 (了解了解) should与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是时候是时候. (做某事做某事)” 注意注意: should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do 是时候采取措施来保护环境了。是时候采取措施来保护环境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the e

48、nvironment. 你该走了。你该走了。 Its (high / about) time that you went / should go.4. 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气固定句式中常使用虚拟语气 Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的自然的, 理应如此的理应如此的) / important + that sb (should) do1). It is important that we _ ( master ) a foreign language.2). 真奇怪，她竟然

49、拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。 Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3). 鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees. ( should ) master(should) refusestrangenatural(should) rest变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分5. If only ! 要是要是就好了就好了If only与现在事实相反与现在事实相

50、反: 一般过去时一般过去时( be 用用were )与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: 过去完成时过去完成时If only it stopped raining now!If only we had followed your advice!变电站电气主接线是指变电站的变压器、输电线路怎样与电力系统相连接，从而完成输配电任务。变电站的主接线是电力系统接线组成中一个重要组成部分总结总结 wish, would rather, as if / as though, if only 表虚拟时的共同点是：表虚拟时的共同点是： 时态往后退一步，同时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句虚拟条件句四四. 情态动词表示