概念释义篇.doc

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1、精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除1.World Cup FootballFor football players and fans everywhere, the high point of football excitement and interest is probably the World Cup tournament. The tournament, held every four years, brings together the worlds best teams to compete for footballs highest honor. In the p

2、ast thirty years, soccer has become the sport of the world. Each World Cup is more successful than the last. Since 1966, probably one-quarter has listened to or watched the championship game. The most interesting thing is that it is not the greatest teams who dont always win. The fans enthusiasm and

3、 their own desires sometimes help play better than normal. The World Cup is called that because teams from every continent have played in it. However, since the Cup began, all of the winning teams have been from Europe or South America. Teams from Asia or Africa always do well, but they havent yet w

4、on.2. PlayPlay is the principal business of childhood, and more and more in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being. From earliest infancy every child needs opportunity and the right material for play, and the main tools of play are toys. Thei

5、r main function is to suggest, encourage and assist play. To succeed in this they must be good toys, which children will play with often, and will come back to again and again. Therefore, it is important to choose suitable toys for different stages of a childs development. Until the age of 7 or 8, p

6、lay and work mean much the same to a child. Play is still the best way of learning. Once reading has been mastered, the books and school become the main source of learning; toys are still interesting and valuable. They lead to new hobbies. But to a child of nine or ten years, toys and games mean rel

7、axation and fun.3. The Olympic Games The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sport in the world. Every 4 years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gol

8、d medals and glory. But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose. That is the spirit of the Olympics- to take part in is what matters. The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The

9、runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame. A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath. After the sportsman march out of the stadium, the host country puts on a wonderful displa

10、y.4. KangarooEvery nation has its own pride. So does Australia- in her kangaroos. It is said that there are about 20 million kangaroos in Australia. The figure may not be accurate, but it can be said with certainty that there are more kangaroos than people in Australia, whose total population is onl

11、y 14 million. The largest living kangaroo are about 2 meters. When you drive a car through the country at dusk, it is easy to come across them. Sometimes your car may be hit or even be damaged by a big kangaroo. When that happens, nobody is angry with it. The kangaroo is not only loved, but highly r

12、espected in Australia. It is regarded as the countrys symbol. In fact it has become an important part of Australias national emblem. On the wall of Parliament Building you can see a picture of a big kangaroo. And on some 50-cent Australian coins the image of kangaroo is cast.5.Birds Birds are alike

13、in many ways. All of them have backbones. All birds have two legs and two wings. They all have lungs and are warm-blooded. This means that their bodies are warm even when the weather is cold. All birds come from eggs which must be kept warm. The baby bird grows inside the egg, eating up the food sto

14、red in the egg. By the time the food is used up, the bird fills the whole egg. It then comes out of the egg, or hatches. Birds have feathers which are very useful. The outside feathers form a smooth covering. The down feather next to their bodies helps to keep in body heat. Their wing feathers are u

15、sed for flying. The tail feathers help in balancing or in steering. Birds are useful to people. They are an excellent source of food. Chickens and turkeys are examples of bids which supply man with great quantities of meat.6. SaltWe do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that i

16、t has been used in many different ways throughout history. Historical evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over 3,000 years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to embalm the dead. Stealing salt was considered a major crime during some eras of history. In

17、 the 18th century, if a person is caught stealing salt, he could be put in jail. Salt was important item on the table of royalty. It was traditionally placed in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Less important guests were given seats farther away from it. In the early days in the U.S., salt

18、 was very scarce. So the storekeeper of pioneer days was very careful with his salt. In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. It is used in making glass and airplane parts, in growing crops, and in killing weeds.7Funny MoneyLong ago, people in one part of the world didnt go an

19、 office or a factory to earn money. They found their money on the ground. The money was large,round, and flat. It looked just like what it was- a stone! Because they were special stones and very hard to find, they were vaulable. The larger the stone was, the more valuable it was. The smallest money

20、stones - about the size of a diner plate- might buy a fish, a baby pig, or some vegetables. People in some places found their money along the seashore- red, black and white shells. Some people could eat their money! They made money out of salt, which they shaped into little bricks. Salt money wasnt

21、heavy or awkward like stone money or so hard to find as shell money. But when it rained, the money might melt! Finally, people started using metal for money.8. PubsThe word “pub” is short for “ public house”. In fact, in some ways its a public place and at the same time its rather like someones hous

22、e. This means that in the best pubs you are both a customer and a visitor. Because the main business of pubs is selling drinks to people, there are always plenty to choose from, but the most popular one is beer. One thing you may discover is that some pubs have drinks and little else, but others hav

23、e more to offer, such as food, music or accomodation. One reason for this is that what we now call “pubs” used to be verious different kinds of places, such as inns. For visitors pubs do have a particular advantage. Visitors to any country often feel , after a time, they dont know anything about the

24、 places ordinary people go to or the way they live. Most pubs offer opportunity to escape from crowds of tourists and to see something really native people from the inside.9. Skin DivingSkin diving is a new sport today. Many people are interested in this sport. Some go underwater to catch fish. Some

25、 go underwater to see beautiful scenes. Others go down into deep water to take pictures of swimming fish. It is not very dark under water. This sport takes you away into a wonderful new world. It is like a visit to the moon. When you are under water, it is easy for you to climb big rocks, because yo

26、u are no longer heavy. Here under water, everything is blue and green. During the day, there is plenty of light. Sometimes, people taking pictures under water do not have to use a flash. When fish swim near by, you can catch them with your hands. There are more uses for skin diving. You can clean sh

27、ips without taking them out of the water. It can get many things from the deep sea. 10. English GamesThe most popular games in Englsnd are football and cricket. All boys are taught at least one of the two kinds of football: soccer and rugger. In soccer the ball cannot be touched with the hands or th

28、e arms, but must be driven forward by kicking or by striking it with the body. Rugger is more like American football than soccer; it is the kind most often played in boarding school. To most foreigners, cricket seems a dreadfully boring game. But English people think the sound of a leather cricket b

29、all striking against a wooded cricket bat is just about the most beautiful sound in the world. The most important international matches are those played between England and Australia, and are held one year in one country, the next in the other. While these matches are being played, if an Englishman

30、says: “ The news is terrible”, he does not mean that an international disaster has occurred- merely that England is not doing well at cricket.11. AIDSAIDS is a virus infection. Today we know that AIDS is caused by a virus called HIV for short. The first case of AIDS was diagnosed in Australia in 198

31、2. Scientists are still not sure where the AIDS virus first started but in the short time since the virus has been discovered, they have learned a great deal about it. One thing they havent worked out, however, is how to cure it. But all over the world, research teams are working on ways of slowing

32、and stopping its spread. Meanwhile, the best way to prevent AIDS is by taking certain precautions when you have sex and if you use drugs. It cannot be absorbed through the skin, but any cut or open sore in the skin can let it in. Paying attention to these, you will be protecting yourself from AIDS a

33、nd playing a valuable part in the fight against this deadly disease.12 A Special SchoolThere are many little one-room schoolhouses in this school. They hold only a pupil at a time. On the first day of school a wrinkled old teacher stands at the gate waiting for the pupil to arrive. The pupil is only

34、 five years old. He is brought to school by teenage boys. The teacher helps him make uo his mind by showing him into the schoolhouse from behind. Now the pupil is sure he doesnt want an education! He starts to howl. The boys gather around, offering him bananas and sweets. The pupil is very fond of e

35、ating, so he stops howling now and then to take a banana. Finally, he decides that school isnt so bad. Perhaps he will stay. It is a school for little Indian elephants. The wrinkled, old teacher is a wrinkled old elephant about 50 years old. The boys or men who help to train the little elephant are

36、elephant riders.13 Army AntsHave ever wondered which animal is the real king of the jungle? It could be meat-eating army ants of South America. There are over 250 kinds of army ants. No animal will stand in their way. They have be raiding the jungles for 65 million years. Army ants of South America

37、march along in lines one million ants long. Some ant armies even have 20 million ants. They climb to the tops of short trees. They tear most animals to pieces. At night a colony of these ants rests in a nest. The nest is made from their own bodies. Each ant uses its legs to hold other ants legs. In

38、the morning the workers begin moving around. The large and medium-sized workers hurry from the nest. They move out in a line. The queen and other ants stay behind in the nest. The eyes of army ants are sensitive to how light or dark it is. They cannot see shapes. But they can smell very well. So the

39、y can follow smells laid down by ants in front of them.14AirOur Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere. The atmosphere surrounds the Earth completely and is about 900 kilometers thick. Without the atmosphere, we could not be able to live on the Earth. There would be no air for u

40、s to breathe. The Earth would be very, very hot in the day and very, very cold at night. Air is all around us. It is around us when we walk and play. From the moment we are born, we are surrounded by air. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to bed, air is also around us. Whenever we are on

41、 Earth, we are surrounded by air. We live in air. Sometimes the air moves very fast and causes a very strong wind. IT can blow down trees and damage houses. The wind can do many useful things, too. It works windmills and moves sailing boats. It also helps to scatter the seeds of many plants.15CometI

42、f you look at the sky one night and see something bright that you have never seen before, it might be a comet. A comet sometimes looks like a star with a tail. But a comet is not a star. Like the moon, a comet shines from the sunlight bouncing off it. Like the Earth, a comet goes around the sun, but

43、 on a much longer path than the Earth travels. Some scientists think that a large part of comet is water frozen into sleety ice and mixed with bits of iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big rocks. When sunshine melts the ice in a comet, great clouds of gas go streaming behind it. These clouds, together with the dust, make a bright fuzzy-looking tail. No one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets. But only a few come close enough for us to see. Even then it is not often that a comet comes close enough to be seen without a telescope.【精品文档】第 4 页