高一英语必修1unit2知识点.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高一英语必修1unit2知识点高一英语必修1unit2知识点单词讲解1. frequent adj.频繁的，常见的 -ly adv.Languages frequently change.frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular【解释】frequent经常的，时间或间歇很短的发生或出现common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众

2、所周知的ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的，有时含贬义general一般性的，到处的；不限于领域、地区或应用regular平常的；惯例的；习惯性的、通常的或正常的【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). This is a _ problem.2). He often makes _ errors of judgment.3)Look at the trains _ schedule.4)The violinist gave a very _ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.5)As a _ rule I

3、 am home by six.答案:1). common2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). General2. usage n.使用，用法，词语惯用法It has different usage in different English speaking coutries.词汇与惯用法 vocabulary and usagemand n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握(1) be under the command (of)由指挥,由控制 be in command of 控制 be at ones command 听任某人支配have / ta

4、ke command of 指挥 have(a)goodcommandof掌握；精通（尤指语言）Ineverpromisedtoobeyhercommands.（作为命令，指令时可数）我从未答应服从她的命令。Mr.Smithhas（a）goodcommandofspokenEnglish.（作为运用能力，掌握时不可数，但有时前可加a)史密斯先生对英语口语掌握得很好。(2)commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事commandthat.(should)do.命令Hecommandedthesoldierstoattack.=Hecommandedthatthesoldiers(shou

5、ld)attack.他命令士兵们进攻。练习 用适当的介词填空1). For the first time in years, she felt _ command of her life.2). The army is _ the kings direct command.3). The police arrived and took command _ the situation.答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of4.requestv.&n.请求，要求n. 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。attherequestof

6、ab.=atonesrequest应某人的要求. v. 2).requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事requestthatsb(should)do要求某人做某事 I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙requeststh.fromsb.向某人索要某物用所给词的适当形式填空Herequestedme_(write)aletterofrecommendation.HerequestedthatI_(write)aletterofrecommendation.Thepassengers_(request)toshowtheirpassports练习 中译英。1).

7、 我是（特别）应你要求而来。 2). 请不要吸烟。答案: 1). I came at your (special) request.2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.扩展=联想：像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)”；两个“命令(order，command)”；三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；5.expression n. 表达，表情,神情Language is

8、a means for the expression of thought.Lucy sat there, an expression of sadness on his face.6.midwestern adj. Midwest n.中西部地区的方言 midwestern dialect(s)mid- 构成名词或形容词，意思：居中，在中间mideast7.play a part (in) 扮演角色；参与，在中起作用Geography also plays a part in making dialects.How many countries took part in the last O

9、lympic Games?part 前常加形容词来进行修饰，例leading,important, critical,decicive等。例句： with the development of science and technology, computers have played an important part in our daily life.play a part in=play a role in8.accent9.straight adv adj 坦诚的，直接的A straight line is the shortest distance between two point

10、s. 两点之间直线最短。 Its time for some straight talking. 现在该开诚布公地谈谈了。 There was no wind.The smoke rose straight upward. 因为没有风，所以烟笔直地往上升。straighten v.弄直；使正确；整顿go straight改过自新straight away马上，立即set sb.straight纠正某人例题A road goes from our college to thecity center.A.straight;straightB.straightly;straightlyC.strai

11、ght;straightlyD.straightly;straightPart1.Warmingup1. DoyouknowthatthereismorethanonekindofEnglish?你知道有不止一种英语吗？morethan的用法（1）morethan用在数字前，意为“比.多；超过.”，morethanone意为“不止一个”（含义为复数，但谓语动词用单数）。Morethanonequestionwasraisedatthemeeting.不止一个问题在会上被提出。（2）morethan用在名词前，表示程度或加强语气，意为“不仅仅，不只是”，相当于notonly.Heismoreth

12、anafriendtome.HeismyEnglishteacher.他不仅仅是我的朋友，他还是我的英语老师。（3）morethan分开用在比较状语从句中时，意为“比.更.；与其.倒不如.”（肯定定前面的内容，否定后面的内容）Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇无谋。Thebookseemstobemoreapicturebookthanastorybook.这本书与其说是故事书倒不如说是图画书。（4）morethan+adj.很.非常.Immorethangladtohelpyou.我非常乐意帮助你。知识拓展：（1）more.than.的用法：more+adj./n.+than

13、.为一个表示比较级的结构，意为“比。”Theproblemismorecomplicatedthanweexpected.这个问题比我们预料中要复杂得多。YouveactuallygivenmemorehelpthanIneed.你其实没有必要给我那么多帮助。（2）notmorethan意为至多，不超过，它相当于at（the）most.Hesonlyachildofnotmorethan10.他仅仅是个不到10岁的孩子。（3）nomore.than.的用法nomorethan后面常接数词，表示数量少，相当于only,意为“仅仅，只有”Tomysurprise,nomorethan5member

14、ssharedmyidea.令我吃惊的是，只有5个成员同意我的观点。nomore.than.意为“和.一样都不.”，表示对前后两方面都否定。Dontaskhimaboutit.Heknowsnomorethanyou.别问他这件事了。他和你一样对此一无所知例ChinaDailyis_anewspaper.IthelpsimproveourEnglish.A.nomorethanB.nolesstanC.morethanD.notmorethan2.Which country do you think has the most English learners?解释do you think/be

15、lieve/expect/ find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。 What timedoyouexpect we willcome and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？ Whatdoyousupposehewilldo after he hears about the good news？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Whydoyouthinktheir team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？Part2.Pre-reading,reading

16、andcomprehending1、Attheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.在16世纪末，大约有五百万到七百万人说英语。辨析attheendof,bytheendof,intheendattheendof.（1）在.的末端，到.的尽头（表示场所）Attheendoftheroad,youllfindthefactoryeasily.在这条路的尽头你会很容易地找到那家工厂。（2）在.结束时，在.末（表示时间）IcameacrossanoldfriendIhadntseenforagesattheendo

17、flastmonth.上月底我偶然遇到了一位多年不见的老朋友。bytheendof+将来某一时间，作时间状语，句子用将来完成时eg.Iwillhavefinishedreadingthebookbytheendofnextmonth.+过去某一时间，作时间状语，句子用过去完成时例3Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompletedintheend最后，终于，独立作状语，句子用一般过去时。2.Lateri

18、nthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.(1) voyage/journey/travel/trip/tourvoyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念trip: (短途)旅行tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). It is

19、 tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.4). We went on a guided _ round the castle.答案:1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour(2)becauseof,owingto,dueto,onaccountof,thanks

20、to都有“由于，因为”的意思，都是介词短语，因此后面不可接从句。其中dueto一般不置于句首。thanksto可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”）。用because，becauseof填空Hewaslate_theheavyrain.Hewaslate_itrainedheavily.(3)conquer vi&vt 占领，攻克，击败，战胜，克服，The Normans conquered England in 1066.The world champion conquered yet another challenger last night.The on

21、ly way to conquer a fear is to face it.n. conqueror 征服者，占领者 illiam the Conqueror 征服者威廉3.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.解释 than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more be

22、autiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。练习 中译英1). 简看起来比以前漂亮多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). Its raining harder than ever before.4. NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydontspeakthesamekindofEnglish.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相理解。 (1)native ad

23、j. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的n. 本地人；出生于某国的人be native to.原产于某地ones native country/land本国，祖国native place出生地ones native language本国语，本族语，母语a native of当地人/产于的动/植物即学即练1(1)China is our _， and Chinese is our _.中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。(2)The tiger _ India.这种虎产于印度。(3)He is _ Beijing.他是北京人。答案.native country; native language；is na

24、tive to；a native of (2)evenif/though即使，尽管，用来引导让步状语从句。EvenifIdidntknowanybodyattheparty,Ihadagoodtime.尽管在聚会上我谁也不认识，但仍然玩得很开心。Eventhoughhehasnothingelsetodo，hewontcometotheconcert.即使他没事做，也不会去听音乐会。【注意】（1）若主句和从句皆表示将来的情况，则evenif从句可用一般现在时代替将来时。Wevedecidedtovisitthemuseumevenif/eventhoughitrainstomorrow.（2）

25、evenif从句的内容不肯定；而eventhough从句的内容则是事实。Hewillnotletoutthesecretevenifheknowsit.即使他知道这个秘密，他也不会说出来。（他是否知道秘密不确定）Hewillnotletoutthesecreteventhoughheknowsit.他虽然知道这个秘密，却不肯说出来。（他知道这个秘密）Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavenotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities, _theyhavetheinterest.A.whereverB.wheneverC.evenifD.asif5.

26、 Idliketocomeuptoyourapartment.(1) come up走近；上来；提出典例 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。

27、短语归纳come across邂逅 come about发生 come at向扑来,攻击come from 来自come out 出版;开花；结果是come up with想出 come up with找到或提出（答案、办法等）come round 绕道而来 come down落下,塌下 come true成为现实；证实练习 用come构成的词组填空。1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him. 2). The magazine _ once a month.3). I wish you can _ to

28、 England on your holiday.4). The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5). They _ an old school friend in the street this morning. 答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over4). come up with5). came across(2)apartment=flat 6. ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而

29、不是我们现在所讲的英语。(1)base:v&nbase.on.把.建立在.上；bebasedon.根据.,以.为基础。the base for 的根据地This book is based on a true story.这本书讲的是一个真实的故事。They decided to base the new company in York.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在约克郡。What are you basing this theory on?你这种理论的根据是什么？base与basis的区别：二者都有“基础”的意思。base所指的“基础”是具体的；basis所指的“基础”是抽象的。the b

30、ase of a building建筑物的根基（基础，底部）the economic basis经济基础on the basis of根据；以为基础presentn.礼物；adj.在场的，目前的；vt.赠送Themountainbikeisabirthdaypresentfrommyparents.这辆山地自行车是父母送给我的生日礼物。IamafraidIcanthelpyouatpresent.恐怕现在我没办法帮助你。Wereyoupresentwhenthedecisionwasannounced?宣布那项决定时你在场Inthepresentcase,Iadviseyoutowait.按照

31、目前的情况看，我建议你等等。MayIpresentmynewassistanttoyou?请允许我向你介绍我的新助手好吗？短语拓展atpresent眼下，现在be present at 在席；出席present oneself 出席；到场atthepresenttime(=forthepresent)眼前，暂时bepresenttomind放在心里；记忆犹新presentsb.withsth.=presentsth.tosb.把某物赠给某人注意：present(作前置定语)现在的，当前的；作后置定语）出席的，到场的 He doesnt know how to deal with the pre

32、sent situation.(前置定语，现在的，当前的） The people present at he meeting are advanced workers.（后置定语，出席的，到场的）7. Sobythe1600sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore. 所以到17世纪时，莎士比亚所用发的词汇量比以往任何时候都大。Bythe1600s到17世纪时。The1600s也可以写成the1600s。makeuseof为固定短语，意为“利用”，在名词use之前可以加上形容词，表示不同程度的利用。Humanbein

33、gs，especiallytheChinese,shouldmakefulluseoftheirnaturalresources.人类，尤其是中国人，应该充分利用自然资源。注意：makeuseof有时可用于被动语态中短语拓展makegooduseof好好利用makefulluseof充分利用comeintouse开始被使用inuse正在用puttouse利用，使用useup用完，耗尽练习1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We

34、 will make good use of her talents.8. Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeaker.例如，印度拥有许多讲英语很流利的人.alargenumberof许多，大量Alargenumberofstudentshavefailedtheexam.许多学生考试不及格。辨析anumberof,thenumberofanumberof后加可数名词复数，当该短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数，意为“许多，大量”thenumberof后加可数名词复数，当该短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式，意为“.的数量

35、”例Alargenumberofstudentshavefailedtheexamandthenumberofthemis30.许多学生考试不及格，数量是30.例ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities_risingsteadilysince1997. A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen 9. Only time will tell. 这只能由时间来回答了。 tell vi.(确定地)说出；vt.分辨；区分。 Its too early to tell now.现在进行判断还为时过早。 I really

36、cant tell which is which. 我实在分辨不出哪个是哪个。 知识拓展 （1）tell vt. 告诉。tell sb sth/tell sth to sb 告诉某人某事 He told the news to everybody he saw.他逢人便讲这个消息。 （2）tell vt. 命令；吩咐。tell sb to do sth 命令/吩咐某人做某事。 He was told to sit down and wait. 有人吩咐他坐下等着。 tell a lie 说谎 tell a story 讲故事 tell the difference between A and

37、B 说出A与B之间的区别 tell (sb.) the truth 对（某人）说实话 例 If anyone happens to drop in while I am out,_him or her leave a message. A.have B.get C.ask D.tellPart3.LearningaboutLanguage1.ItisnoteasyforaChinesepersontospeakEnglishaswellasanativeEnglishspeaker.对中国人来说，想把英语说得像英国人一样好，并不是件容易的事。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式todo。该

38、句是句式“Itis/was+adj.(+forsb.)+todo.”的具体应用，forsb.表示不定式todo.的动作是由谁发出的。当作表语的形容词是表示不定式逻辑主语的特征，即形容词用来描述不定式行为发出者的性格、品行等时，要用“Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.+todo.”句型。此类形容词常见的有：kind,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,stupid,rude,careless,brave,polite等。在这种句型中，sb.可以作句子的主语。aswellas同级比较，“和.一样好”；还可表示“也，和”，连接主语时谓语动词采用就远原则。Yo

39、urelderbrotheraswellasyouiskindtome.aswell是副词，相当于too,一般放在句末。MrLiucanspeakEnglish.HecanspeakFrenchaswell.might/may(just)aswelldosth.倒不如做。吧，还是做。的好Wemightaswellleaveatonce.我们倒不如立刻离开的好。2.Asweknow,BritishEnglishisalittledifferentfrom/thanAmericanEnglish.正如我们所知道的那样，英式英语与美式英语有点儿不同。(1)as在句中作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，

40、代替后面整句话的内容，as在定语从句中充当动词know的宾语。as引导从句表示说话人的看法、态度或给出某种解释或评论。Asisknowntoall,heisagreatwriter.我们都知道，他是一位伟大的作家。Theearthisround,asweallknow.众所周知，地球是圆的。(2)“alittle+形容词或副词的原级”意为“有点儿；稍微”。Afterworking,hewasalittletired.工作后，他有点儿累了。知识拓展“alittle+不可数名词”意为“少量的；一点儿”。Eg.Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有点儿水。“alitt

41、le+形容词或副词的比较级”意为“较；稍微一点儿”Eg.HeisalittletallerthanI.他比我高一点儿。当alittle修饰形容词、副词原级或比较级时，相当于abit,但notabit却与notalittle含义不同.notabit意为“一点儿也不”，相当于notatall,而notalittle相当于verymuch.Letshavearest.Imalittle/bittired.我们休息一会儿吧。我有点儿累。Hehasgivenusnotalittletrouble.他给我们带来了很多麻烦。“abitof+单数名词或不可数名词”意为“一小块；一点儿”。Part4.UsingLanguage