A Comparative Study of Shortening in English and Chinese英语论文.docx

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1、A Comparative Study of Shortening in English and ChineseLanguage and thought are closely interrelated. The differences in languages represent the differences in modes of thinking. The shortening in English and Chinese is a special language phenomenon which reflects social development and cultural ch

2、anges. Along with the development of social economy and technology, the communication between people becomes more and more quickly. Language is the carrier of social life; therefore, it changes along with the progress and requirements of the society .Some of the commonly used words before have been

3、knocked out because of its limitations, and some new vocabulary appeared because of its inevitability, which also get the most peoples recognition. English as a foreign language has also appeared some changes, of which is significantly is English words tendency of shortening. The study of the tenden

4、cy of shortenings can help English learners better understand the English language, and the correct understanding and short words can improve work efficiency, whats more, increase mutual understanding.Shortening of words exists in every language, and theres no addition to English. It is probably cau

5、sed by the following reasons: in one hand, the trends of development of English is simplified, and the words turn to monosyllabic；in the other hand，today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements，and it needs a speeding in speaking and writing. There are four types of shortenin

6、g in English:1. clipped word：A clipped word is created by cutting out one or more than one syllables of a word, which fall into four classifications:1) Apocope: approximately-approx；automobile-auto; examination-exam; gasoline-gas.2) Aphaeresis：hamburger-burger ; taxicab-cab; bicycle-cycle； earthquak

7、e-quake.3) Front and back clipping: influenza-flu; refrigerator-fridge; assistant-asst; department-dept4) Syncope: fluidonics-fluidics; fossilization-fossilation; pacificist-pacifist; symbolology-symbology; cannot-cant2.initialism：Initialism is formed from the initial letters of more than two words.

8、 Initialism cannot be pronounced as a word, but letter by letter. Such as: AD-anno Domini; BC-before Christ; CEO -chief executive officer; GDP-Gross Domestic Product; NPC-National Peoples Countries.3.acronym：Acronym refers to a word formed from the initial letters of a name, such as was for womens a

9、rmy corps, or by combining initial letters or parts of a series of words, such as radar for radio detecting and ranging. Such as: SARS-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome； PETS-Public English Test System; APEC- Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation; DINK-Double Income; NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organizat

10、ion. 4.blend：Blending refers to the formation of a word by combining parts of two (or more than two) words. Such as smog-smoke+fog; Microsoft-microcomputer+software; Wal-Mart-Sam Walton+mart; camcorder-camera+recorder; brunch-breakfast+lunch. Then，why do they interest us？convenient？time-saving？fashi

11、onable？Or.yes，they are all right. But now we conclude them for four parts：1 Economy principle。Pay lowest price，and get maximum value。It is a basic principle of human being。So does the way to use language。It refers to that we express our needs or ideas by fewest words。It is a fairly economicalway。E.g

12、. OPEC is short for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Obviously, OPEC is much simple and easy to remember, without losing or destroying its original meaning. 2. Euphemistic function or face-saving. Some words refer to those having something to do with embarrassment, and when we talk wit

13、h others we use shortening words instead of them. E.g. sanno, which refers to sanitary engineer who has something to do with garbage. 3. In- group Some words are only used inside a certain group or community. E.g. in a family, we usually use nicknames to call others. Such as, Lezzy is short for Eliz

14、abeth, and Lezzy is more affectionate. 4. Melody function When words are shortened, such as VIP (very important person), we can pronounce it as /vip/. It reads more musical.Besides, shortening can be used in a humorous way. E.g. GASP (Greater Alliance to Stop Pollution). Besides the humor, the word

15、also takes us into a warning sight: people are gasping in the situation of air pollution.Chinese abbreviation phenomenon can traded back in ancient time. It can be found in ancient literatures. With the acceleration of modern social life, people are required to express the most information to others

16、 in the shortest time.In modern Chinese, the most main words by gather information compound and into the compound abbreviations, the investigation of the words, analysis, and this paper summarizes the two kinds of structure types:1. Associative Form: This is combined by verb and verb, such as: 保教（保育

17、和教育）比学赶帮（比先进、学先进、赶先进、帮后进）裁回（裁决并驳回）测绘（测量和绘制）冲扩（冲洗和扩印）调访（调查、访问）调研（调查、研究）.2. Omitting Form: This is shorten from a noun, such as:中国（中华人民共和国）/美国（美利坚合众国）/法国（法兰西共和国）/3. Merger Form: This is shorten and combine from two or more nouns, such as:中石化（中国石油化工）/宝钢（宝山钢铁集团有限公司）/央视（中国中央电视台） All in all, the shortenin

18、g in English and Chinese has differences and similar. Similar is that they all have the following three characteristics: Firstly, no matter in English or in Chinese, the shortening are always used in a wide range. Secondly, they all have high use frequency. The last is that the condition of using sh

19、ortening is complicated, and lacks the necessary specifications in addition.And Differences are mainly reflected in three aspects: First of all, the formation characteristics of the shortening in English and in Chinese are not the same, the shortening are generally coming from abbreviation and simpl

20、ify of the letters or syllables. But in Chinese, they are generating from the abbreviation and simplify of the word or terms. Secondly, their ranges of application are different. They only can use in their specific range, and not in any conditions that they can be use. Thirdly, the principles of usi

21、ng shortening are not the same in English and in Chinese. Both English and Chinese have their own principles, they cannot be broken optionally. We must follow the principles of their own that we can better use them.Then we come to the end. By shortening words, we can communicate more conveniently, f

22、requently and words may be more varied. With the development of the world, language and lexicon will be more advanced. But we should never misuse shortening. And in formal talk, its best to be guarded in our words. 生命列车The Train Of Life1. 不久以前，我读了一本书。书中把人生比作一次旅行。2. 人生一世，就好比是一次搭车旅行，要经历无数次上车、下车; 时常有事故

23、发生; 有时是意外惊喜，有时却是刻骨铭心的悲伤 3. 降生人世，我们就坐上了生命列车。我们以为我们最先见到的那两个人-我们的父母，会在人生旅途中一直陪伴着我们。 4. 很遗憾，事实并非如此。他们会在某个车站下车，留下我们，孤独无助。他们的爱、他们的情、他们不可替代的陪伴，再也无从寻找。 5. 尽管如此，还会有其他人上车。他们当中的一些人将对我们有着特殊的意义。 6. 他们之中有我们的兄弟姐妹, 有我们的亲朋好友。我们还将会体验千古不朽的爱情故事。7. 坐同一班车的人当中，有的轻松旅行。8. 有的却带着深深的悲哀 还有的,在列车上四处奔忙，随时准备帮助有需要的人 9. 很多人下车后，其他旅客对他

24、们的回忆历久弥新 但是，也有一些人，当他们离开座位时，却没有人察觉。10. 有时候，对你来说情深义重的旅伴却坐到了另一节车厢。你只得远离他，继续你的旅程。11. 当然，在旅途中，你也可以摇摇晃晃地穿过自己的车厢，去别的车厢找他 12. 可惜，你再也无法坐在他身旁，因为这个位置已经让别人给占了 .13. 没关系。旅途充满挑战、梦想、希望、离别 就是不能回头。因此，尽量使旅途愉快吧！14. 善待旅途上遇见的所有旅客，找出人们身上的闪光点。15. 永远记住，在某一段旅程中，有人会犹豫彷徨，因为我们自己也会犹豫彷徨。16. 我们要理解他人，因为我们需要他人的理解。17. 生命之谜就是：我们在什么地方下

25、车？坐在身旁的伴侣在什么地方下车？我们的朋友在什么地方下车？我们无从知晓 18. 我时常这样想：到我该下车的时候，我会留恋吗？我想我还是会的。和我的朋友分离，我会痛苦。让我的孩子孤独地前行，我会悲伤。 我执著地希望在我们大家都要到达的那个终点站，我们还会相聚 19. 我的孩子们上车时没有什么行李，如果我能在他们的行囊中留下美好的回忆，我会感到幸福。20. 我下车后，和我同行的旅客都还能记得我，想念我，我将感到快慰。21. 献给你, 我生命列车上的同行者, 祝您旅途愉快!1. Not long ago, I read a book, in which a mans life was compar

26、ed to a journey.2. The life of a man is just like a hitchhiking，during which many times we go up and down. Now and then things will happen accidently, some of which are to be unexpected excitement，while some heart-breaking sorrows. 3. When first embraced the world，we are already on the train of life

27、. We take it for granted that the first two persons, our parents, whom we are encountered with, will accompany us all the way.4. Sadly，things do not go on as we thought.Our parents will get off the train at a certain station，leaving us, bereft and helpless.Their love and emotion to us and their irre

28、placeable company can be found in nowhere.5. However，there will be somebody else who will get on the train. Some of them will have special meaning to us.6. Some of them may be our siblings , relatives and friends, and we will also expereince the imperishable love.7. Some of our travelling companions

29、 are quite light-hearted on the way.8. While some may bear immense sorrow.Still some ,back and forth, are ready to hold out their hands for others who need help.9. Some people alight off the train, yet they are still kept in the mind of the other passengers for long;some, to the opposite, leave thei

30、r seats without being noticed.10. Sometimes, the one,who is dear to your heart, has huddled into another carriage. Nothing but one you can do is just to keep on going, far away from him.11. Of course, during the journey, you may stagger to another carriage to look for him.12. Its a pity that you wil

31、l never seat yourself beside him because the seat has been engaged by others. 13. Never mind. The journey is full of challenges,dreams, hopes and departures- but only one thing is that you cant turn back. So, have a good journey with heart and soul.14. Show your good-will to all the passengers you a

32、re encountered with, and find the merits of theirs.15. Remeber that someone may oscillate just as we do in the journey.16. We should understand others just as we need others understanding.17. The enigma of life is：Where shall we get off the train of life?And how about the companions beside us?And ou

33、r friends?We dont know.18. Sometimes I think：When my time comes to get off the train，shall I miss it？I think I will.It is a suffering when I part with my friends.I will be sorry for leaving my kids going alone.I firmly hold that when we get to the terminal，we will have another reunion.19. When my ki

34、ds get on the train of life, they have only little luggage in their travelling bags. However,if I can leave the beautiful memory in them,I will be happy. 20. After getting off the train of life, I will be content if my fellow passengers will remember me and miss me.21. To you , the companions on my train of life.May you have a good journey!