高三英语语法要点精讲—情态动词及虚拟语气.doc

《高三英语语法要点精讲—情态动词及虚拟语气.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三英语语法要点精讲—情态动词及虚拟语气.doc（72页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date高三英语语法要点精讲情态动词及虚拟语气高三英语语法要点精讲情态动词及虚拟语气高三英语语法要点精讲情态动词及虚拟语气【考纲解读】情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系，它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考题中，对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有纵观近几年的高考题可以看出，高考对情态动词的考查热点依次是：（1）推测和可能性；（2）“情态动词+have done”结构表示猜测或表示虚拟语

2、气；（3）shall, should, can, must表示特定语气。 尤其是对“情态动词+have done”结构的考查频率较高。试题的情景设置往往生动、真实，但考查的角度趋于细微化和综合化，有效信息较为隐蔽，这就决定了情态动词题是难题之一。情态动词题每年都考，所以本专题在高考中的重要地位是显而易见的。因而在复习中应引起高度重视，且依笔者之见，来年高考中对情态动词考查的可能性依然非常大。【知识要点】一、情态动词的语法特征1.情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2.情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3.情态动词没有人称、数

3、的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。二、情态动词的基本用法1.比较can 和be able to1)cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could)，只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2)只用be able to中情况：位于助动词后；情态动词后；表示过去某时刻动作时；用于句首表示条件；表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。He was

4、able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.战争爆发前，他就逃离欧洲了。注意：could不表示时态，表示提出委婉的请求（注意在回答中不可用could）。在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。Could I have the television on?Yes，you can./No，you cant.He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。2.比较may和might1)表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示

5、祝愿。May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你！He might be at home.他有可能在家。注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。2) may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨，还是好”。You may(just) as well tell me the truth.你还是对我说实话好。3.比较have to和must1)两词都是“必须”的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。My brother was very ill，so I had to call the

6、doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事） 2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday. 昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。3)在否定结构中：dont have to 表示“不必”；mustnt表示“禁止”You dont have to tell h

7、im about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。4.must表示推测1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying

8、 there.他现在肯定在那里。He must stay there.他必须待在那里。 3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。Why didnt you answer my phone call?Well，I must have been sleeping，so I didnt hear it.5)否定推测用cant。If Tom didnt leave h

9、ere until five oclock，he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。5.表示推测的用法can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1)情态动词+动词原形表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is，she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪儿，她可能在武汉。2)情态动词+动词现在进行时表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment，our teacher must be correcting our exam pa

10、pers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3)情态动词+动词完成时表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年12月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5)推测的否定形式，疑问形式用cant，couldnt

11、表示。Mike cant have found his car，for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could，might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can，may。6.情态动词+have+过去分词1)may(might)have+done sth.can (could)have+done sth.表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.飞利浦在那场车祸

12、中有可能伤的很严重。2)must have+done sth.对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”“谅必”的意思。Linda has gone to work，but her bicycle is still here.She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth.should have done sth.本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）ought to 在语气上比shou

13、ld 要强。4)neednt have done sth.本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip，but I neednt have done so.The weather was hot. 那次旅行，我穿的非常暖和，但我本没有必要那么去做。天太热了。5)would like to have done sth.本打算做某事I would like to have read the article，but I was very busy then.我本想读那本书，但我那时太忙了。7.should 和ought toshould 和ought to 都为

14、“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。Ought he to go?Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该），had better最好），must（必须）渐强。8.had better表示“最好”had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth.最好干某事had better not do sth.最好不干某事had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。9.would rather表示“宁愿”would rather do 宁可干某事wou

15、ld rather not do 宁可不干某事would rather.than. 宁愿而不愿还有would sooner，had rather，had sooner都表示“宁愿”“宁可”的意思。I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home.我宁可待在这儿也不回家。10.will和would1)would like；would like to do=want to 想要，为固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?你想和我一块儿去吗？2)Will you.?Wo

16、uld you like.?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some，而不是any。 Would you like some cake?要蛋糕吗？3)否定结构中用will，一般不用would，wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down?你不坐吗？11.情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答 否定回答Need you.? Yes，I must.No,I needntMust you.?/ dont have to.12.带to 的情态动词带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to，have to，used to，be to，如加上have got to(=must)，be

17、 able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。13.比较need和dare这两词既可作

18、实义动词用，又可作情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时，后面的to 时常可以被省略。1)实义动词：need（需要，要求）need+n./to do sth.2)情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。Need you go yet?Yes，I must./No，I neednt.3)need 的被动含义：need，want，require，worth（形容词）后面接doing，也可以表示被动：need doing=need to be done【考点诠释】情态动

19、词考点透析考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查 情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如： 1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They_be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 二、情态动词表示推测的考

20、查 对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如： 1. Sorry, Im late. I_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. will 2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he_your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have

21、attended D. shouldnt have attended 3.Mr Bush is on time for everything. How_it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 4.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? It_true because there was little snow there.A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D.

22、mustnt be 三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查 情态动词have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 2.I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word.(NMET2001,33)A. mustnt leave B. shoul

23、dnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 3.Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I_so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查1.Tom ,you didnt come to the party last night? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had

24、homework to do . A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 2.Your phone number again? I_quite catch it . Its 86184867. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 典题链接【示例1】Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys.He always wears green.A.has to be B.will be C.mustnt be D.could be【示例2

25、】Mum，Ive been studying English since 8 oclock._ I go out and play with Tom for a while? No，Im afraid not.Besides，its raining outside now.A.Cant B.Wouldnt C.May not D.Wont【示例3】Excuse me，but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B.might

26、 not C.neednt D.shouldnt【示例4】I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A.should B.may C.will D.can【示例5】Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library.A.must B.may C.can D.need【示例6】Catherine, I have cleaned t

27、he room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself.A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt doD.shouldnt have done思维升级“情态动词have过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：（1）must have done “过去一定做了某事”（2）cant/couldnt have done “过去不可能做了某事”（3）may/might have done “过去可能做了某事”（4）neednt have done “过去本来没有必要做而

28、做了某事”（5）could have done “过去本来能够做某事而没有做”（6）should/ought to have done “过去本来应该做某事而没有做”（7）shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “过去本来不应该做某事而做了”【示例7】I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. A.must drop B.must have dropped C.must be droppingD.must have been dropped通关测试1. Some young people these days just_

29、go out of the Internet bars into the real worldAmustnt Bshouldnt Cwont Dneednt2. Whats your opinion of MrLis request that we _ spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning?Amust Bwould Cshould Dcould3. I didnt see her in the conference room this morning. She _ have done the presentation at

30、 the meeting. A. couldntB. shouldntC. needntD. may not4. Youd better put on a heavy coatSometimes it be very cold here at nightAshould Bcan CwillDmust5. God! My cell phone is missing. You _ have left it at home. I heard you telephone our daughter in the bathroom.A. shall B. must C. would D. could6.

31、I ran all the way to school yesterday, otherwise I _ late for the annual talent show.A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been7. You _ bring your identification when you open a bank account.A. may B. can C. must D. will8.Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading?N

32、o. You , because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.Adont have toBshouldnt Ccant Dmustnt9. Churchill warned Hitler, If you dare to invade Britain, you _pay for it with great costAwill. Bshall Cmay Dshould10You _ either go with her or stay at home. It all depends on yourself！A. will

33、B. mustC. shouldD. may11.Why are you in such a hurry? Dont you remember that we _ be home by 8pmto see our favorite TV show?Acan Bwould Cmust Dmay12.Whats your feeling now?I am terribly sorry. If only I here yesterday!AcameBwould have comeChave comeDhad come13. If you smoke, you could at least go to

34、 the smoking area.AcanBmustCwillDshall14.Jenny has dyed her hair red again.It be true! I can hardly believe it.Amustnt Bmay not Ccant Dshouldnt15.The conflicts between North and South Korea call for talks to solve the problem. Quite right. I would rather the UN _ something immediately. A. would do B

35、. does C. did D. will do16. Im surprised that your story _ the first prize. A. should win B. can win C. should have won D. can have won17.Come to supper with us, Peter.一Great ！ I _ bring a bottle of wine.A. will B. can C. may D. must18 -Can I pay the bill by check?-Sorry, sir. But it is the manageme

36、nt rules of our hotel that payment be made in cash.AshallBneedCwillDcan19. If passers-by _ a blind eye to the injured little Yueyue in Foshan, Guangdong, she_ alive now Adidnt turn; would be Bhadnt turned; would beCdidnt turn; would have been Dhadnt turned; would have been20. It have been her to lea

37、ve her child aloneShe isnt such a person。Acouldnt B mustnt C. mightnt D. wouldnt 21. The government urged that every effort _ to bring down house prices. A. should make B. would be made C. be made D. must be made 22. Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention _ before class Ato u

38、nderlined Bwas underlined Cto be underlined Dto being underlined23.Is it good to look up every new word when I come across it in reading?No. You , because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.Adont have toBshouldnt Ccant Dmustnt24. The little girl is too thinShe _ gain some weight if

39、 she ate more, but she _ too little.Awould; ate Bwill; eats Cwill; ate Dwould; eats 25.Could I watch IV for 10 minutes more, mum? Oh, dear if you Acan Bmust Cmay Dshould26. The constant rise of meat price requires that effective measures _ by the governmentAmust be taken Bbe taken Cwill be taken Dsh

40、ould take27. Your suggestion that the door _ when we leave is reasonable. A. should shut B. will shut C. would be shut D. be shut 高考面对面：A Night with the HomelessEvery Saturday night my family and I go out and feed the homeless people in the city of Orlando. We wanted to see 1 it was like in the life

41、 of a homeless person. One special thing I like to 2 is, my family and I do not eat 3 we begin our journey so we know how it feels to be hungry. We all get together in the 4 and prepare the food. Some of the meals are sandwiches and cookies and a bottle of water. Sometimes my mom 5 a steaming hot de

42、licious meal. We then 6 them all up to feed 30 or more people. Before my family and I get into the car we ask God for 7 in a family prayer. A lot of people 8 homeless people. Not all homeless people are drug addicts or bad people Some are really nice; 9 of them just had bad things happening to them.

43、 10 when my family and I went out on the street we had to earn their 11 , because a lot of people are 12 to them for no good reason. But 13 they see us every week they 14 us. We even know some of their names. We all have to remember that these are people with 15 . Some of them shake our hands for giving them