On Differences Between Chinese and American Charity Culture英语专业毕业论文.docx

《On Differences Between Chinese and American Charity Culture英语专业毕业论文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《On Differences Between Chinese and American Charity Culture英语专业毕业论文.docx（35页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、西安翻译学院本科毕业论文On Differences Between Chinese and American Charity CultureAbstractCharity is not only the embodiment of modern civilization, but also the important boost of moral development of our human civilization . In this paper, I willdescribethe current situation of the development of philanthrop

2、y in China and Americaandanalyse the difference of the respective impact of philanthropy which is brought by these two countries in the cultural, social structure, economic structure,and institutional arrange-ment, On this basis, from the perspective of civil society, to fully explore the developmen

3、t of philanthropy inspiration.Key words: China; America; charity culture; comprison 摘要慈善是现代文明的体现，也是人类文明和道德发展的重要助力。本文通过中、美两国目前慈善事业发展的现状描述，分析了中、美两国在文化、社会结构、经济结构、制度安排等方面的差异对各自慈善事业所带来的影响。以此为基础，从公民社会的角度充分探讨了对我国慈善事业发展的启示。关键词：中；美；慈善文化；比较ContentsAbstract in English.Abstract in Chinese.1. Introduction.2. Mod

4、ern definition of charity.3. The function of mordern charity.4. Development of Sino-US comparative analysis of philanthropy5. Significant differences in the development of Sino-US charitable causes.5.1 what stimulates the U.S. and chinese companies to participate in charitable activities, motivation

5、.5.2 U.S. billionaires in the enthusiasm of different charitable activities.5.3 Mainland China and Hong Kong tycoons in more charitable activities.6. From the cultural perspective of Sino-US cultural differences charity6.1 American charity culture.6.1.1 Evil culture.6.1.2 The Protestant Ethic6.2chin

6、ese charity culture.6.2.1 Confucian culture.6.2.2Taoism6.2.3Mohist culture7. U.S. charity from the social structure and cultural differences.7.1 American social structure.7.2 Chinese social structure.8. Economic structure and social development from the stage of cultural differences between Chinese

7、and American Charity.8.1 America: A developed market economy countries.8.2 China: A long dominated by small-primary stage of socialism and the national.9. Inspiration to us.9.1To develop a market economy9.2Vigorously develop education.9.3 Construct a sound system of modern political and legal.9.4Act

8、ively develop the rural masses and urban self-government bodies such as the social backbone of the third sector10.Conclusion.Acknowledgements.Works Cited.1.IntroductionCurrently, foreign scholars Jenny Harrow and Robert Mark Silverman, represented by well-known scholar of Americas culture of philant

9、hropy made a more complete back, and made a present problems and future direction. Meanwhile, Huang Jiayao represented by domestic scholars to focus more on studies of Sino-US cultural differences and charitable causes, and achieved impressive results, although different focus, but look at the domes

10、tic and international research results, including the following aspects : the definition of culture and charity research value What is the charitable and cultural: charitable and cultural study of why, this is our first time for charitable and cultural studies to solve the problem.Hole leap year (20

11、04) earlier concept of the broad culturalinstitutional, material and cultural behavior in four areas will be described as charity: support the development of philanthropy in all ideas, the legal system, organization and conduct of practice combined. In the definition of charity and contemporary cult

12、ural connotation, Zhang Wei (2007) more clearly explains the definition of charity, in essence, the essence and core values and basic content. Hole leap year (2004) by showing that charity is not popular culture is difficult for Chinas charity development of the important reasons, meaning that chari

13、ty cultural studies: Building a philanthropic culture is the basis for the development of philanthropy projects. Xiaoguo Fei and Ren Chunxiao (2007) is the reflection level from the reality that thinking is up to the deepest cultural level, to explore its social base, the ideological roots and lack

14、of a system. Zhang Wei (2007) and Huang Jiayao (2008) from the perspective of social harmony. The research scholars of cultural studies will be charitable to include the schedule, in dealing with its definition and value at the same time, more emphasis on research from a cultural perspective, but fr

15、om the U.S. definition of charitable and cultural differences impact on the charity to analyze cultural differences. (2) cultural differences between China and the U.S. charityDifferences in performance, Yang Fang Fang (2009) specifically from history, charitable motives, charitable behavior and pat

16、terns, the implementation of the main body comparisons, but compared to the U.S. open, democratic, emphasizing the instinctive sense of charity culture, Chinese traditional charitable culture more restrained, political, and attention to educational function, high-level overview of the cultural diffe

17、rences between China and the U.S. charity. Development of charitable and cultural differences, their trajectory through the list, you can clearly see the importance of charitable status and culture. Li Tao (2005) earlier described the historical development of American culture, charity, and China, J

18、in Universal (2005), the culture of philanthropy in China was through accounting for this form of the macro-integral study of traditional Chinese society, modern contemporary cultural patterns in different periods of the charity was broad-brush outline and explain the changes in Chinese culture, cha

19、rity track, characteristics and factors inherent regularity. Shuai Han, Jin Li (2007) added the development of traditional Chinese culture, the four stages of charity, and that the development phase of the three basic characteristics - the ideological basis of charitable and cultural complex, the of

20、ficial charity of the main charitable activities as participants of diversification. Contrast between the two, Wang Lifang (2007) pointed out that the charitable and cultural characteristics of contemporary China and the U.S.This can be seen, on the one hand scholars from the social status of resear

21、ch on the differences, and the period of Sino-US cultural identity summary less charitable. On the other hand, the domestic charity from a development perspective on China-US cultural differences through ancient and modern style of the overall macro-less, but more for a certain period of development

22、 research. 3 Analysis of Sino-US charitable and cultural causesMany scholars from different angles on the cultural origins, system-based, behavior patterns and other aspects of the study, this author classified into the following categories: 3.1 The Ideological Origins of the differenceAlmost all th

23、e studies now point to the Confucian doctrine of love and Christian culture, cultural differences, and the well-known scholar Huangjia Yao (2008), Liu Xiao Yuan (2008) is more specific summed up as love and fraternity of difference. Both pointed out that the core of Confucianism is love, we must fir

24、st love their family advocates can do to love others. American thought from the Christian doctrine of charitable love, built on the basis of equality, and fraternity to become only the individual heart desires, will have a tolerance, service, and even sacrifice. Both are brilliant general, but in th

25、e integration of the three religions did not give specific examples and explanations, Lin Xu, Yue (2009) made a specific supplement, that Taoism, Buddhism, specifically the concept of the enormous development of philanthropy impact. Yang Fang Fang (2009) from the self and discipline point of view th

26、at: the United States to promote the charity event is a bottom-up to civil society organizations as the main cause of a generous public charity foundation, and China is top-down, government play a decisive role. Meanwhile, the U.S. charity organization is the market more spontaneous style, and chari

27、table organizations in China are mostly administrative Variant. With the constant awareness of the ideological origins, culture directly affect peoples charitable act of charity is wealth. From Anhui River (2005), citing Carnegie, Rockefellers charitable act, to make appropriate claims the rich cult

28、ure of crime, the Wang Lifang (2007) have conducted a more detailed study, mainly from the Carnegie - American Charity parents view of the historical background and wealth of U.S. wealth management and use of the analysis, to promote the establishment of charitable foundations such as the modern poi

29、nt of view, combined with the Gates, Fords charitable philosophy, explains Carnegies philanthropic idea of the United States the enormous impact of philanthropy. This is Jenny Harrows research also has a corresponding description. Carnegie to the concept of wealth directly affect the development of

30、modern American culture, charity, and that a study of small strokes. As seen from the current research in the field and more inclined to research from the charity differences in culture and causes, but from a historical perspective to explain the ideological line of cultural influences to explain th

31、e causes of differences in the overall macro-style study less.3.2 The basic difference between the systemThe economic base determines the superstructure, Huangjia Yao (2008) pointed out that from an economic point of view, and patriarchal, determines the small-family charity, has restrained the Conf

32、ucian cultural characteristics charity, charity is limited to the ethics of sexual activity between blood kinship and Western formation and development of peoples and nations of Western history, the generation of culture-based charity. Difficult immigration process so that all ethnic groups to form

33、a mutual economic and cultural, and laid the foundation of U.S. philanthropy Political system a tremendous impact on the philanthropic culture, Anhui River (2005), mainly attributed to the difference between benevolent and individualism, Huangjia Yao (2008) from the benevolent idea of the impact of

34、the system of official position, said: monarchical supremacy turns into a government-run charitable mindset, the public welfare and charity wholly owned by the terms of reference for the government, and benevolent pay attention to the virtue, so under the feudal system to generate more charitable cu

35、lture is a moral guide or call , but not binding or mandatory system of rules, and eventually impossible to generate public awareness and charity awareness. On this basis, Yang Fang Fang (2009) specifically addressed the political culture and how to restrict charitable culture. American scholar Robe

36、rt Mark Silverman (2002) in The Culture of Charity said that the U.S. charity culture should improve citizen participation in the political initiative to expand the public policy perspective author believes that the domestic scholars as the basis of summing up the political process into the existing

37、 U.S. charitable and cultural point of view will be clearer.3.3 behavior Yang Fang Fang (2009) from the Sino-US charitable habits and mentality that Americans are pragmatic and enterprising attitude and sense of responsibility to society in general, the formation of a strong community spirit and env

38、ironmental good habits of charity. China follows the sequence structure of the local poor community so that the Chinese principle of charity, often also from near and far, by pro-and sparse, which modern charity of ethical strangers philanthropy, different.As can be seen from the above analysis, the

39、 current research in the field by a single national research study to compare, from about the specific, from basic concepts to each other, has entered a mature stage. However, there are many deficiencies, I committed on the basis of previous studies on the Sino-US cultural differences and charitable

40、 causes further study, sum the difference, sort of charity during the Sino-US cultural patterns of the major, and summarizes the characteristics of their respective development, specific explain its causes. Only the depth of understanding from different perspectives and cultural differences and char

41、itable causes, in order to wake up society from the individuals fundamental sense of charity and charitable responsibility, charity to build a healthy culture, promote the development of philanthropy. (对你下面所要重点描述的论文主题做一个概述): Charity is not only the embodiment of modern civilization, but also the imp

42、ortant boost of moral development of our human civilization . In this paper, I willdescribethe current situation of the development of philanthropy in China and Americaandanalyse the difference of the respective impact of philanthropy which is brought by these two countries in the cultural, social s

43、tructure, economic structure,and institutional arrange-ment, On this basis, from the perspective of civil society, to fully explore the development of philanthropy inspiration.2. Definition of modern charityModern charity usually means that individuals or groups ,based on humanitarian, Defined by so

44、me way of the spirit of voluntary or community , Provide strangers with free relief and assistance (and therefore our discussion in this paper does not contain the traditional sense of charity home, family, relatives, acquaintances of mutual aid and other form of relief types) 3.The function of mord

45、ern charityIn Spiritual level, charity reflects a humane,Care, mutual aid, solidarity of the human conscience and virtue, is the significant measure to realize human harmony and friendship ,in the material Level, the charity known as the Spirit of the third distribution of social Soul, is the social

46、 significance of balancer.4. Development of Sino-US comparative analysis of philanthropyAccording to Forbes magazine of the U.S. charity List statistics, during 10 years, the United States on various charitable group of the richOrganizations donated a total of over $ 200 billion. The richest20% of Americans donated money, accounting for all the charities sectionTwo-thirds. However, according to the China Charity Federation statisticson the end of 2004, Chinas cha