Organization of Details英语写作教学.doc

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1、 Organization of Details:Description in Temporal OrderAt seven oclock the next morning, however, Rall was suddenly wakened from a deep sleep by the noise of gunfire near his headquarters. Though still half drunk, he made his way into the street, there he found a horse and rode about trying to gather

2、 together his frightened troops. But by this time the Americans had taken up strong positions throughout the town. Their guns covered the whole area. Hessian soldiers ran wildly every direction, dropping like flies in the snow. A bullet struck Colonel Rall. He rode on with blood flowing from his sid

3、e. A second bullet struck him, then a third. He fell from his horse, and some of his men carried him to a nearby church. There they took from his pocket the note he had received the night before. The note said that Washington and his army were advancing Trenton from across the river.By ten oclock in

4、 the morning, after just a few hours of fighting, the attack was over. The remaining Hessian troops gave themselves up. Many had been killed. Washington took 900 prisoners but he lost only a few of his men. (Robert J. Dixson, The U. S. A, Men and History)Description from the Dynamic Vantage Fog ever

5、ywhere. Fog up the river where it flows greenaits and meadows; fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among he tiers of shipping and waterside pollutions of a great and dirty city, fog on the Essex marshes, fog on the Kentish heights. Fog creeping into the cabooses of colliers brigs; Fog lying o

6、ut on the yards and hovering in the rigging of great ships; for dropping on the gunwales of bares andsmall boats. Fog in the eyes and throats of ancient Greenwich pensioners, wheezing by the fresides of their wards; fog in the stem and bowl of the afternoon pipe of the wrathful skipper, down in his

7、close cabin; fog cruelly pinching the toes and fingers of his shivering little pretice boy on desk. Chance people on the bridges peeping over the parapets into a nether sky of fog, with fog all round them, as if they were up in a balloon and hanging in the misty clouds. (Charles Dickens, Bleak House

8、) Description of person:Description of appearanceExample 1 He was a silent, rather sullen man, and you felt that his affability was a duty that he imposed upon himself Christianly; he was by nature reserved and even morose. His appearance was singular. He was very tall and thin, with long limbs loos

9、ely jointed; hollow cheeks and curiously high cheekboones; he had so cadaverous an air that it surprised you to notice how full and sensual were his lips. He wore his hair very long. His dark eyes, set deep in their sockets, were large and tragic; (appearance) and his hands with their big long finge

10、rs, were finely shaped, they gave him a look of great strength. (impression) But the most striking thing about him was the feeling he gave you of suppressed fire. (character) It was impressive and vaguely troubling. He was not a man with whom any intimacy was posible. (Somerset Maugham, Rain)Example

11、 2 (Gone with the Wind)Scarlett Ohara was not beautiful, but men seldom realized it when caught by her charm as the Tarleton twins were. In her face were too sharply blended the delicate features of her mother, a Coast aristocrat of French descent, and the heavy ones of her florid Irish father. But

12、it was an arresting face, pointed of chin, square of jaw. Her eyes were pale green without a touch of hazel, starred with bristly black lashes and slightly tilted at the ends. Above them, her thick black brows slanted upward, cutting a startling oblique line in her magnolia-whit skin that skin so pr

13、ized by Southern women and so carefully guarded bonnets, veils and mittens against hot georgia suns. Psychological DescriptionExample 1 And that is what he said. He told her all, and wept upon her bosom; wept, and moaned, and begged for her forgiveness. (action) It was a profound shock, and staggere

14、d under the blow, but he was her own, the core of her heart, the blessing of her eyes, her all in all, she could deny him nothing, and she forgave him. She flt that he could never again be quite to her what he had been before; she knew that he could only repent, and not reform; yet all morally defac

15、ed and decayed as he was, was he not her own, her very own, the idol of her deathless worship? She said she was his his serf, his slave, and she opened her yearning heart and took him in. Example 2 Oh, Carrie, Carrie! Oh, blind atrivings of the human heart! (Comment) Ohward, onward, it saith, and wh

16、ere beauty leads, there it follows. Whether it be the tinkle of a lone sheep bell oer some quite landscape, or the glimmer of beauty in sylvan places, or the show of soul in some passing eye, the heart knows and makes answer, following. It is when the feet weary and hope seems vain that the heartach

17、es and the longings arise. Know then, that for you is neither surfait for content. In your rockingchair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rockingchair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel. (Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie)Example 3. I now stood

18、 in the empty empty hall; before me was the breakfastrom door, and I stood, intimidated and trembling. What a miserable poltroon had fear, engendered of unjust punishment, made of me in those days! I feared to return to the nursery, and feared to go forward to the parlour; ten minutes I stood in agi

19、tated hesitation; the vehement ringing of the breakfast-room bell decided me; I must enter. (mental description) “Who could want me?” I asked inwardly, as with both hands I turned the stiff door-handle which, for a second or two, resisted my efforts. “What should I see besides Aunt Reed in the apart

20、ment? a man or a woman?” (mental description) The handle turned, the door unclosed, and passing through and curtseying low, I looked up at a black pillar! such, at least, appeared to me, at first sight, the straight, narrow, sable-clad shape standing erect on the rug; the grim face at the top was li

21、ke a carved mask, placed above the shaft by way of capital. (description of appearance) He for it was a man turned his head slowly towards where I stood, and having examined me with the two inquisitive looking gray eyes which twinkled under a pair of bushy brows, said solemnly, and in a bass voice (

22、description of appearance)Example 4.I stepped across the rug: he placed me square and straight before him. What a face he had, now that it was almost on a level with mine! What a great nose! and what a mouth! and what large prominent teeth! (description of appearance) “No sight so sad as that of a n

23、aughty child,” he began, “especially a naughty little girl. Do you know where the wicked go after death?”“They go to hell,” was my ready and orthodox answer.“And what is hell? Can you tell me that?”“A pit full of fire.”“And should you like to fal into that pit, and to be burning there for ever?”“No,

24、 sir.”“What must you do to avoid it?”I deliberated a moment: my answer, when it did come, was objectionable:”I must keep in good health, and not die.” (dramatic rendition: dialogue) Example 5.(Janes first sight at Rochester)Something of daylight still lingered, and the moon was waxing bringh; I coul

25、d see him plainly. His figure was enveloped in a riding cloak, fur collared and steel clasped; its details were not apparent, but I traced the general points of middle height, and considerable breadth of chest. He had a dark face, with stern features and thwarted just now; he was past youth, but had

26、 not reached middle age; perhaps he might be thirty-five. (description of appearance) I felt no fear of him, and but little shyness. Had he been a handsome, heroiclooking young gentleman, I should not have dared to stand thus questioning him against his will, and offering my services unasked.(mental

27、 description) I had hardly ever seen a handsome youth; nevr in my life spoken to one. I had a theoretical reverance and homage for beauty, elegance, gallantry, fascination; but had I met those qualities incarnate in masculine shape, I should have known instinctly that they neither had nor could have

28、 sympathy with anything in me, and should have shunned them as one would fire, lightning, or anything else that is bright but antipathhetic. (by announcement) If ever this stranger had smiled and been good-humored to me when I addressed him; if he had put off my offer of assistance gaily and with th

29、anks, I should have gone on my way and not felt any vocation to renew inquiries: but the frown, the roughness of the traveller set me at my ease: I retained my station when he waved me to goExaple 6 (Janes first sight at Lady Ingram) As far a sperson went, she answered point for point, both to my pi

30、cture and Mrs. Fairfaxs description. The noble bust, the sloping shoulders, the graceful neck, the dark eyes and black ringlets were all there: but her face? Her face was like her mothers; a youthful unfurrowed likeness: the low brow, the same high features, the same pride: it was not, hhowever, so

31、saturnine a pride. She laughed continually: her laugh was satirical, and so was habitual expression of her arched and haughty lip.Exaple 7Mr Bingley was good-looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. His sisters were fine women, with an air of decided fa

32、shion. His brother-in-law, Mr. Hurst, merely looked the gentleman; but his friend Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after entrance of his having ten thousand a year

33、. The gentlemne pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud,

34、to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could tehn save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend.Mr Bingley had soon made himself acquainted with all the principal people in the

35、 room; he was lively and unreserved, danced every dance, was angry that the ball closed so early, and talked of giving one himself at Netherfield. Such amiable qalities must speak for htemselves. What a contrast between him and his friend! Mr. Darcy danced only once with rs. Hurst and once with Miss

36、 Bingley, declined being introduced to any other lady, and spent the rest of the evening in walking about the room, speaking occasionally to one of his own party. His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world, and everybody hoped that he would never come here aga

37、in. Amongse the most violent against himself was Mrs. Bennet, whose dislike of his general behaviour was sharpened into particular resentment by his having slighted one of her daughters.Exaple 8Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automation?-a machine without feeli

38、ngs? and can you bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soul and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart If God had gifted me wit

39、h some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through

40、the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equal, - as we are! (dramatic rendition)Example 9It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbou

41、rhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. (by announcement)My dear Mr. Bennet, said his lady to him one day, have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?Mr. Bennet repli

42、ed that he had not. (dramatic rendition: action)“But it is,” returned she; for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.”Mr. Bennet made no answer. (dramatic rendition: action)Do not you want to know who has taken it? cried his wife impatiently.You want to tell me, and I have no ob

43、jection to hearing it.This was invitation enough.Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with M

44、r. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.What is his name?Bingley.Is he married or single?Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine t

45、hing for our girls!How so? How can it affect them?My dear Mr. Bennet, replied his wife, how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.Is that his design in settling here? (dramatic rendition: speech)Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very like

46、ly that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the b

47、est of the party.My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be any thing extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of.But, my

48、dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the neighbourhood.It is more than I engage for, I assure you.But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them. Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in gene

49、ral you know they visit no new comers. Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him, if you do not.You are over scrupulous surely. I dare say Mr. Bingley will be very glad to see you; and I will send a few lines by you to assure him of my hearty consent to his marrying whichever he chooses of the girls; though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.