A Study on Lexical Features of Business English英语毕业论文.doc

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1、 A Study on Lexical Features of Business English1. IntroductionWith Chinas successful entrance into WTO (the world trade organization), China is playing more and more important role in global economy. As a result, to operate Business English accurately and effectively in international trade exercise

2、s has become much essential and important. It is needed to conduct and improve more business practice increasingly and reasonably so that the engagement of Chinas economy into the globalizationBusiness English is defined as specialized English used in purchase agreement、sales confirmation、letter of

3、credit、bill of lading and insurance policy in international trade. The essay mainly deals with the study of lexical features of Business English. Chapter first begins to analyze one of lexical features of business English, namely，specialty-the usage of specialized words(in the business field). Chapt

4、er second concentrates on formality，the other lexical features. That is to mention the choose of formal and proper business vocabulary. Chapter third is to introduce the principle of Accuracy in the use of business words. Chapter fifth is the conclusion.2. Specialization2.1 Specialized vocabularyVoc

5、abularies in business contain three levels: ordinary, semi-specialized and specialized. Ordinary words in English are those used in normal life. While the semi-specialized ones are used in a much large scale due to business words coming from the field of trade、economic and law. This is demonstrated

6、in an instance: we consider it different to file a claim against the manufactures. This “claim” here means to recognize as to “claim a watch”. However, the “claim” in the mentioned sentence means compensation. These sort of words are found wildly in business English as accept、credit、honor and so on.

7、2.2 AcronymsThe usage of acronyms is a common phenomenon in business English. It is necessary to use Acronyms rather than wording sentences，which makes the business materials clear and concise. Acronyms are formed mainly within the practice of international business. They contain actual information

8、about clear responsibilities and obligations concerned. For examples: FOB=freight on broad, CIF=cost, insurance and freight, DP=document against payment, B/L=bill of lading.3. Formality3.1 Archaic wordsArchaic words are less-used in the modern age. However, they are still wild-used in documents of l

9、aw. As one form of law documents，business contract need to express the dealers profits and obligations correctly and accurately in a form way. Such words include: hereby, hereinafter, whereas and so on. 3.2 Loanwords Loanwords in business English mainly come from French and Latin. Compared with Engl

10、ish vocabulary, these sorts of words are character by formality and accuracy. These glossary appear constantly such as bona fide holder(拉丁语：汇票的善意持票人) and force majeure（法语：不可抗力）（姜宏丽，2008：2）. 4. Accuracy4.1 Reduplication of synonymsSynonyms is defined those words that enjoy the same or similar meaning

11、. Different words with the same or similar meanings are used together is one of the obvious lexical features of business English. Lets take a paragraph as an example. It is the intent of the parties that all documents and annexes forming part hereof shall be read and taken together and that each and

12、 every provision or stipulation hereof be given full force, effect and applicability. However, in the event that one or more provisions or stipulations herein be declared null and void by the courts, or otherwise rendered ineffective, the remaining provisions and stipulations shall not be affected t

13、hereby.Seven groups of synonyms are found in this term of contract. This method in business English is to make the contract content accurate and complete.4.2 Nouns replace verbs To pursue the official principle of legislation，it is preferred to reply noun forms instead of verbs.The group, under ship

14、 of the preparation and construction office, is in charge of the examination, supervision, inspection, testing, checking, and accepting, and performance checking for the project design, the quality of the project, the equipment and materials and the imported technogy.(甘晓敏，2007：1)5. ConclusionDue to

15、the importance of understanding and applying the usage of correct vocabulary in business English, it is inevitable to learn the lexical features. The essay discuss these features from the three aspects：specialization，formality and accuracy. It is believed that the researches will be more popular abo

16、ut the features of the usage of business vocabulary owing to the rapid developing growth of globalization as the new coming period.Bibliography1 Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of TranslationM. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.2 Pallister,J. Oxford Dictionary of BusinessM. 上海: 上海

17、外语教育出版社，2001：151.3 陈建平. 对外经贸合同翻译失真问题分析J. 中国科技翻译, 2003（11）.4 甘晓敏. 浅议经贸英语词汇的特点J. 商场现代化，2007，（2）.5 杨一秋. 合同英语文体特点及翻译要点J. 中国科技翻译，2003.AcknowledgementsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. Special acknowledgements should be shown to Ms. Mao Jing

18、ling, from whose suggestions I benefited greatly. I am particularly indebted to her, who gave me kind encouragement and useful instructions all through my writing. Finally I wish to extend my thanks to Ms. Wang Aiqing and Ms. He Xiaoyan, who also helped me, a lot especially at the beginning of writi

19、ng when I was confused with the form of thesis.1.爱不释手fondle admiringly.2.百闻不如一见（眼见为实） Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 not

20、 pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do ones best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make t

21、heir mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 open ones eyes; broaden ones horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace.14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as

22、bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones 2

23、1.金无足赤人无完人 Gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect. 22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home. 23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth 24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence 25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, clich 27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls

24、for reciprocity. 28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope. 29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success 30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth 31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened 32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than

25、 ever one thinks of ones dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most. 34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes. 35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself 36.拿手好戏 masterpiece 37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money

26、 after bad 38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale 39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn ones own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities 41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no ha

27、nd you cant make a fist. One cant make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step-the highest eminence is to be gained step by step 43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose sh

28、ade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps. 45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something 46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies. 47

29、.强强联手 win-win co-operation 48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest. 49.人之初性本善 Mans nature at birth is good. 50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man. 51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy 52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way. 53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the wo

30、rld; 54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating 55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round. 56.上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, while there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth 57.塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing. 58.三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be

31、able to think for himself. 59.升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑 Life begins at forty. 61.谁言寸草心报得三春晖 Such kindness of warm sun, cant be repaid by grass. 62.水涨船高 When the river rises, the boat floats high. 63.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man. 64.杀鸡用牛刀break a butterfly on the wheel 65.实

32、事求是seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts 66.说曹操,曹操到Talk of the devil and he comes. 67.实话实说speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is 68.实践是检验真理的唯一标准Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth. 69.山不在高，有仙则名No matter how high the mountain is, its n

33、ame will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; 70.韬光养晦hide ones capacities and bide ones time 71.糖衣炮弹sugar-coated bullets 72.天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue 73.团结就是力量Unity is strength. 74.“跳进黄河洗不清” eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean-

34、theres nothing one can do to clear ones name.75.歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena 76.物以类聚，人以群分Birds of a feather flock together. 77.往事如风The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas 78.望子成龙hold high hopes for ones child 79.屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it

35、 rains it pours. 80.文韬武略military expertise; military strategy 81.唯利是图draw water to ones mill 82.无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree without roots 83.无中生有make create something out of nothing 84.无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. Theres no smoke without fire.85.徇私枉法bend the law for the bene

36、fit of relatives or friends 86.新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean 87.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 88. 蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off 89.心想事成May all your wish come true 90.心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding

37、91.先入为主First impressions are firmly entrenched. 92.先下手为强catch the ball before the bound 93.像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan 94.现身说法warn people by taking oneself as an example 95.息事宁人pour oil on troubled waters 96.喜忧参半mingled hope and fear 97.循序渐进step by step 98.一路平安，一路顺风speed somebody on their way; s

38、peed the parting guest 99.严以律己,宽以待人be strict with oneself and lenient towards others 100鱼米之乡101.有情人终成眷属Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well. 102.有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks. 103. 有识之士people of vision 104.有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain 105.有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of m

39、iles apart, we come together as if by predestination. 106.与时俱进advance with times.107.以人为本people oriented; people foremost.108.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude.109.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye em

40、brace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight. a land of milk and honey 110.欲速则不达Haste does not bring success. 111. 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest.112.英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 113.冤家宜解不宜结Better make friends than make enemies. 114.冤假错案cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or

41、sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases 115.一言既出，驷马难追A real man never goes back on his words. 116.招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful.117.债台高筑become debt-ridden.118.致命要害Achilles heel.119. 众矢之的target of public criticism 120.知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. 121. 纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist 122.左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea.123.纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.8