The cultural intercommunication in Chinese-English tourism涉外英文导游中的文化交际.docx

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1、The cultural intercommunication in Chinese-English tourism(涉外英文导游中的文化交际)1. Introduction1.1 Purposes of studying in this thesisWe are living in an age of the world is becoming smaller day by day and China is opening its gate to foreign visitors more and more wide. The interdependence is a trend of mo

2、st countries. People from all over the world come to explore the massive changes are taking place in China. Especially after the 29th Olympic meeting was successfully held in Beijing in 2008, the developed countries have figured out that real China may not be the one in their minds ever. For that, m

3、any visitors came to China and at the same time, the intercommunication among countries inevitable occurred. Naturally, the group of local civics who first get in touch with them are tourist guides. To develop a better friendship and provide a better service for foreign visitors, we should study dis

4、tinguishes among cultures and differences of peoples understandings, behaviors and manners. In the daily communication, we could meet problems between the cultural gap all the time. Sometimes it makes small misunderstanding while sometimes it may lead to a serious consequence. Take a very simple exa

5、mple; if we meet a foreigner who came from western country, we led him to eat some delicious Peking traditional snack made of pig bowels and organs. While he was eating, he was told the materials used in the delicacy. Guess what is his reaction? People who live in western countries never eat animals

6、 organs. If we know some of the differences, we could have avoided many of this kind of problems.1.2 Why choose this topic Beijing has become a cosmopolitan city and we could see foreigners everywhere on the streets, in the restaurants, on the subway. Some of us may make foreign friends. While in th

7、e process of knowing each other better, as a local people or at least a Chinese, we may lead them travel around the city and introduce our culture to them. Therefore, not only tourist guide may come across some problems, normal people who meet a foreigner may also occur the same obstacle. For instan

8、ts, most of us think to hold the big thumb towards others means he is brilliant while the Australians do not think so. In their culture, to thumb up toward someone is rude, especially to push up hard. See? There are so many detail differences waiting us to find out. Hence, this topic can be also use

9、 in our daily life.1.3 The problems we work out As far as I am concerned the study in this particular field has been developed much. However, the knowledge foreign tourist guide have learned is quite limited. In the practice, cicerones have to learn by experience which would lead many inconveniences

10、 and how do you do situations in processes. Thus as a personal perspective, I expect to have a further study in this selected subject. When I am working on this theme, at least I solved much confusion I had before and at the same time I could avoid some problems that may bother me when I communicate

11、 with future. Now let me show you some of the problem I would work out in the following thesis. Firstly, I will work on the translations of the ancient Chinese affairs and subjects. Secondly, I would discuss the dining cultures of different countries. Thirdly, I would move on the specialized words w

12、e use in the tourist and the translation of tourist speech. Finally, we would find the differences between cultures and find some efficient ways to solve the problems we meet in our daily life.At the mean time, the major content in this thesis would be as follows:1. The purpose of this paper. 2. The

13、 present situation of intercommunication among different cultures.3. The cultural differences in these intercommunication.4. The problems local tourist guides met in their work.5. How to deal with occurred problems.1.4 The methods took in this thesis First, find out the present situation of the cult

14、ural intercommunication. In this part, the preparation would be done. That is to say, I would search for the articles that related to this topic and to find out the connections between the topics people had discussed with mine. Then I would explain what I found and got while I was searching and thin

15、king. Second, search for some examples of problems which cultural differences would lead to. In this part, I would go to find some articles that related to the cultural intercommunication. And pick some of them out to sum up and as bibliographies using in my thesis. Third, try to study and work out

16、those problems. The problems were from the bibliographies that mentioned above. Fourth, sum up the problems and look for a way to avoid them. In this part, I would interview some of the real English tourist guide and ask them what measures they took when they meet the problems. I would discuss on th

17、is topic from the perspective of a tourist guide and more emphases on the practical use. The methodology should be used in the practical, because if one study on a particular subject for years without push it to the practical use, that would be in vain. When this thesis finished, I wish I can show i

18、t to some tourist guide. If this study could have a slight help to them, I would be grateful and proud of my effort was not in vain.2. The present condition of studying this topic2.1 Who have studied the related topics?(1) In the perspective of culture intercommunication The Chinese modern civilizat

19、ion is composed of three major parts: 1. the traditional Chinese culture of confusions theory. 2. Since the Ming Dynasty, some Western classic culture and capitalism culture become a part of Chinese. 3. Since the May 4th movement in 1919 the Marxism becomes more and more popular and occupies a large

20、r part of the Chinese mainstream thoughts. From this, we could know that Chinese culture is not a closed circulation system, but a vitality opened system. “It is absorbing new blood day after day on the basement of traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, Chinese modern civilization is a movement str

21、ucture of several opened dimensions. ”Especially from the 19th century on, with the acceleration of the world integration, the culture intercommunication of foreign culture and Chinese culture is also speeding up. As a result of that, the western factors become a part of the Chinese culture. Then le

22、ts work on this with the modern Chinese revolution.From the world range, Chinese traditional culture is a independent system with a sustained process of development. “It has the unity of time, space and the unity of heaven and people, harmony of know and do, harmony of environment and emotion. This

23、is a intact system of peoples spirits and everything can exist harmoniously.” Mr. Ding Zhou he said that:” The recent western culture went in China accompanied with the blood. It with a intensive of aggression. The ancient China was one of the strongest countries in the world. However, China then be

24、came the one was invaded. And China became the one receive foreign culture passively. That made it rather toughly for the transformation of the Chinese culture. ”(2). from the perspective of dining intercommunication There are several aspects of the differences between the Chinese and Western manner

25、s on dining table. No.1. the tools we use are different from them. As we all know that Chinese people get used to chopsticks while western people use forks and scoops. We would like to nip things up and chaw them in our mouths. And western people like to cut food into small pieces with knifes. No.2.

26、 the food we eat has great differences. We like to eat wheat, vegetables and meat with hot cooked. We think the cold food could lose much flavor and it is very unhealthy and not fresh. The people from western countries mostly succeed the traditional of nomad and sailing to eat cold food. They like t

27、o eat sea food, meat, salad. And they like to eat tomatoes, cucumbers, onions uncooked. No.3 the purpose of dining. Chinese people are not only cook food to eat. They think the ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. While the western people pay more attention

28、on nutrition. No matter what they eat and how they eat, the fixed standards nutrition elements they take in have to be guaranteed. No.4 Way of dining. In China, no matter what kind of banquet for what people eat together, people would sit around in one table and enjoy the food together. That makes a

29、 atmosphere of unity and happy. People talk and drink freely and eat the same dishes.However, on the western banquet food and wine seems not as important as Chinese one. In fact, that may be just a kind of leaves for flower. They think to talk to people and get to know each other is much more import

30、ant. (3) From the perspective of translation intercommunication Jerry Thomas（1983）defined the “Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure” as “the ability to understand what is meant by what is said”. The reason we use the language incorrect can be summed up as: No.1 Disobey the native ways of speaking Englis

31、h. No.2 Speak English in the structure of saying mother language.No.3 Equal the different languages.No.4 Only understand the literal meaning.No.5 Ignore the special meanings in certain circumstances. For example, Student: Im afraid I cant finish my paper on time， I was ill last week. May I hand it i

32、n next Thursday?Teacher: What do you mean you cant finish it on time? The deadline is next Friday. Foreigners think next Friday is the nearest one while we think next Friday is the Friday on next week. That would lead to serious consequence. If we make a appointment with a tourist, we may misunderst

33、and the time and lead some unnecessary troubles.And there is another example, Englishman:“Would you like some coffee?”Chinese:“No，please dont go to any trouble.” Then the British man would get confused because in their language to accept should say:” Yes, please” while to refuse should say:” No, tha

34、nk you”.That is only a very short conversation, but if we cannot get it directly understood that would waste some extra time to explain it. Many people have discussed related topics, such as the culture intercommunication, the dinning intercommunication, the translation intercommunication .etc. Howe

35、ver, they did not use their theories into a particular field. In my thesis, I would combine many of their theories into the tourism practice. That would make my topic more useful in reality.3. The intercommunication of tourist in several sectionsThe tourist was defined as the one who stopped in anot

36、her place which is not the place he lives for over a day and not enough for a year. There was no virtually tour in the ancient times. Because people were fasten on the farmland and had no time to travel. However, the strong of ancient China attracted many foreigners came here to learn the advanced t

37、echnology and knowledge. Most of them were dispatched by their governments. Therefore the cultural intercommunication had never stopped. Then after the Industrial Revolution, people were freed. The two essential factors of travel were possessed, the money and time. The speed of transportation was ac

38、celerated day after day and after the Second World War, a sharp increasing number of people travel around all over the world. The cultural intercommunication is also speeding up.3.1 Culture When the intercommunication happened, we should introduce our culture to foreigners. For that, we should have

39、a deeper understanding of our own culture.The developments of civilization among regions are imbalance. Since the communication was difficult in the ancient times, every tribe developed independently which made distinguish among cultures. The dissimilitude represents in several sections as follows:

40、The national system, cultural initiate, working and life style, literature and art and every aspect in the society. The intercommunication is an essential process in the social development. However, it is always limited by two seasons: The native culture prevents foreign ones from interrupting in an

41、d the transportation was not as convenient as today. Actually, Chinese traditional culture is including many different elements. In the far ancient times, Chinese culture absorbed many factors from the minorities. In the Han dynasty, the western culture of Xinjiang province became a part of it. Then

42、 the Indian culture, European culture gradually made an influence on Chinese people. With the intercommunication of different cultures, the cultural mainstream of Cathay came into being. And at the same time, the four main religious became popular in China. They are Buddhism, Muslim, Christianity an

43、d Daoism. The Daoism is a Chinese native religion and the other three were also transformed and affected by the Chinese traditional Confucians culture. The Chinese food tradition has lasted for thousands of years. Chinese dish is one of the largest three factions in the world. And it has its own sty

44、le which is mainly composed of local dishes, royal dishes, official dishes, Buddhist dishes, ethnic dishes and snack and dim sums. The tea is one of the symbols of China. It is the national drink and has a history over 4,000 years. When foreigners come, a must thing to talk is the Chinese tea.3.2 Ar

45、chitecture and Horticulture Architecture is a main part of the tourism. Chinese architecture contains the traditional philosophy of China and it formed a unique style. The structures of ancient Chinese buildings are mainly made of wood and the levels of the social statues reflected on the buildings.

46、 Take Beijing for example, it was the capital of several dynasties in the ancient China and in the Yuan dynasty it was built into the largest city in the world at that time. In the Ming dynasty, after the emperor Yong le decided move the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, the construction of the Purpl

47、e Forbidden City began from 1406 to 1420. The main color of the Forbidden City is red and yellow the buildings are the tallest in the city while the bungalows around it are grey showing the dignity of the emperor. The colors on the buildings are also carefully used. Only the royal family members cou

48、ld use the color gold and government officials use the color green. The Temple of heaven is blue while the Altar of earth is brown and green. However, the western architectures are most from the religions. They chase for liberty and equal. Hence, ancient Chinese buildings could give a different feel

49、 to foreign visitors. The history of Chinese Horticulture is almost 3,000 years. Chinese poet and painters added their artistic factors on the construction of gardens. Chinese horticulture can be mainly divided into the royal garden and the private garden. Both of them are to represent that people and the nature can exist h