《博士研究生英语综合教程》练习答案及课文翻译.docx
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1、博士研究生英语综合教程答案及参考译文KEY TO THE EXERCISESUnit One ScienceText 1Can We Really Understand Matter?I. Vocabulary1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C II. Definition1. A priority 2. Momentum 3. An implication 4. Polarization5. the distance that light travels in a year, about 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 tr
2、illion km.6. a contradictory or absurd statement that expresses a possible truth7. a device that speeds up charged elementary particles or ions to high energiesIII. Mosaic1. The stress: (Omitted)Pronunciation rule: An English word ended with tion or sion has its stress on the last syllable but one.2
3、. molecule 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. AIV. TranslationA. (Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B. In September 1995, anti-hydrogen atoman anti-matter atomwas successfully developed in European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. After the startling news spread out, scientis
4、ts in the West who were indulged in the research of anti-matter were greatly excited. While they were attempting to produce and store anti-matter as the energy for spacecraft, they raised a new question: Many of the mysterious nuclear explosions in the recent one hundred years are connected with ant
5、i-matter. That is to say, these hard-to-explain explosions are tricks played by anti-matter. They are the “destruction” phenomenon caused by the impact between matter and anti-matter.V. GroupingA. Uncertainty:what if, illusory, indescribable, puzzle, speculation, seemingly, in some mysterious wayB.
6、Contrast:more daunting, the hardest of hard sciences, do little to discourage, from afar, close scrutiny, work amazingly wellC. Applications of Quantum mechanics:the momentum of a charging elephant, building improved gyroscopes1. probabilities 2. illusory 3. discourage 4. scrutiny VI. Topics for Dis
7、cussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITINGSTRATEGYDEFINITIONI. Complete the following definitions with the help of dictionaries.1. To bribe means to influence the behavior or judgment of others (usually in positions of power) unfairly or illegally by offering them favors or gifts.2. Gravity is defined as t
8、he natural force by which objects are attracted to each other, especially that by which a large mass pulls a smaller one to it.3. The millennium bug refers to the computer glitch that arises from an inability of the software to deal correctly with dates of January 2000 or later. 4. Globalization is
9、understood as the development so as to make possible international influence or operation. II. Write a one-paragraph definition of the following words.1. hypothesisA hypothesis is an idea which is suggested as a possible way of explaining facts, proving an argument, etc. Through experiments, the hyp
10、othesis is either accepted as true (possibly with improvements) or cast off.2. scienceScience is defined as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.3. superstitionSupe
11、rstition refers to a belief which is not based on reason or fact but on old ideas about luck, magic, etc. For example, it is a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.4. pessimismPessimism is a tendency to give more attention to the bad side of a situation or to expect the worst possible res
12、ult. A person with pessimism is a pessimist who thinks that whatever happens is bad.5. individualismIndividualism is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights in a society. It has a bad sense in that little attention is paid to the rights of the collective
13、or a good one in that independence is emphasized rather than dependence on others.Text 2Physics Awaits New Options as Standard Model IdlesI. Vocabulary1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D7. D 8. BII. Definition1. A refrain 2. A spark 3. A jingle 4. Symmetry5. develops or studies theories or ideas about a p
14、articular subject.6. studies the origin and nature of the universe.7. studies the stars and planets using scientific equipment including telescopes.III. Mosaic1. gravity2. anti-/opposite3. D4. B5. A6. A7. B8.AIV. TranslationA. (Refer to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B.The Standard Mod
15、el of particle physics is an unfinished poem. Most of the pieces are there, and even unfinished, it is arguably the most brilliant opus in the literature of physics. With great precision, it describes all known matter all the subatomic particles such as quarks and leptons as well as the forces by wh
16、ich those particles interact with one another. These forces are electromagnetism, which describes how charged objects feel each others influence: the weak force, which explains how particles can change their identities, and the strong force, which describes how quarks stick together to form protons
17、and other composite particles. But as lovely as the Standard Models description is, it is in pieces, and some of those pieces those that describe gravity are missing. It is a few shards of beauty that hint at something greater, like a few lines of Sappho on a fragment of papyrus.V. GroupingA. Partic
18、le physics:supersymmetry, equation, superpartners, stringB. Strangeness:bizarre, beyond the ken ofC. Antonyms:gravityantigravity 1. novelty 2. revelatory 3. Symmetry4. gravityVII. Topics for Discussion and Writing(Omitted)WRITING STRATEGY EXEMPLIFICATION AND ILLUSTRATION(Omitted)Text 3Supporting Sci
19、enceI. Vocabulary1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. AII. Definition1. A portfolio 2. A vista 3. Cryptography 4. Paleontology5. a business or an undertaking that has recently begun operation6. a group of people having common interests7. a person with senior managerial respon
20、sibility in a business organizationIII. Rhetoric1. pouring money into 2. column 3. unbridled 4. twilight 5. blossomed intoIV. Mosaic1.phenomenoncriteriondatummedium(because these words originated from Latin and retain their Latin plural form)2.A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. B V. TranslationA. (Refer
21、to the relevant part of the Chinese translation)B.The five scientists who won the 1996 Nobel Prize point out that the present prosperity and development are based on the fruits of basic scientific research and the negligence of basic scientific research will threaten human development of the 21st ce
22、ntury.EU countries noticed that one of their weaknesses is “insufficient investment in research and development.” Korea and Singapore do not hesitate to pour money into research and development. The developed countries in the West have used most of the scientific and technological development resour
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